Naslov
MALTA: a CMOS pixel sensor with asynchronous readout for the ATLAS High-Luminosity upgrade

Autori
Berdalovic, I. ; Argemi, L. S. ; Cardella, R. ; Dachs, F. ; Dao, V. ; Flores Sanz de Acedo, L. ; Hemperek, T. ; Hiti, B. ; Kugathasan, T. ; Marin Tobon, C. A. ; Moustakas, K. ; Pernegger, H. ; Piro, F. ; Riedler, P. ; Schioppa, E. J. ; Sharma, A ; Snoeys, W. ; Solans Sanchez, C. ; Suligoj, T. ; Wang, T. ; Rymaszewski, P. ; Tortajada, I. A.

Vrsta, podvrsta i kategorija rada
Radovi u zbornicima skupova, cjeloviti rad (in extenso), znanstveni

Izvornik
2018 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference Proceedings (NSS/MIC) / - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), 2019

ISBN
978-1-5386-8494-8

Skup
IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference (NSS/MIC 2018)

Mjesto i datum
Sydney, Australija, 10.11.2018. - 17.11.2018

Vrsta sudjelovanja
Predavanje

Vrsta recenzije
Nije recenziran

Ključne riječi
Active pixel sensors ; CMOS integrated circuits ; position sensitive particle detectors ; radiation effects ; radiation hardening (electronics) ; semiconductor detectors ; solid state circuit design

Sažetak
Radiation hard silicon sensors are required for the upgrade of the ATLAS tracking detector for the High- Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) at CERN. A process modification in a standard 0.18 μm CMOS imaging technology combines small, low-capacitance electrodes (∼2 fF for the sensor) with a fully depleted active sensor volume. This results in a radiation hardness promising to meet the requirements of the ATLAS ITk outer pixel layers (1.5 × 1015 neq /cm2 ), and allows to achieve a high signal-to-noise ratio and fast signal response, as required by the HL-LHC 25 ns bunch crossing structure. The radiation hardness of the charge collection to Non-Ionizing Energy Loss (NIEL) has been previously characterised on pro- totypes for different pixel sensor cell designs. The encouraging results enabled the design of full-size monolithic CMOS sensors for the ATLAS ITk outermost pixel layer, which comprises ∼1.8 m2 of pixel sensor active area. In the MALTA sensor, we implement a fast, low-power analogue front-end together with a novel high-speed matrix readout architecture capable of meeting the challenging hit- rate requirements of up to 2 MHz/mm2 in the outer layers of the ITk pixel tracker. The front- end was optimized for the low sensor capacitance to achieve low noise (ENC < 20 e-) and low power operation (< 1 μW/pixel), with timing that meets the 25 ns requirement. The small size (∼2 μm) of the collection electrode also allows better shielding to prevent crosstalk from the full swing digital signals in the 36.4×36.4 μm2 pixel. MALTA features a 512×512 pixel matrix with a fully asynchronous readout architecture, without clock distribution over the matrix. This approach combines low digital power consumption with fast signal response and high hit-rate capability. This paper describes the implementation of this novel depleted monolithic sensor based on a low-capacitance analogue design with asynchronous readout, together with first test results from lab tests, radioactive source tests and X-ray measurements.

Izvorni jezik
Engleski

Znanstvena područja
Fizika, Elektrotehnika

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