Naslov
Postglacial recolonization of Europe by modern humans: a signal from mtDNA haplogroup U

Autori
Tambets, Kristiina ; Tolk, Helle-Viivi ; Kivisild, Toomas ; Orekhov, Vladimir ; Parik, Jüri ; Metspalu, Ene ; Reidla, Maere ; Pliss, Liana ; Krumina, Astrida ; Baumanis, Viesturs ; Damba, Michael ; Voevoda, Larisa ; Bermisheva, Marina ; Khusnutdinova, Elsa ; Gubina, Marina ; Ossipova, Ludmila ; Yankovsky, Nikolay ; Rudan, Pavao ; Beckman, Lars ; Villems, Richard

Vrsta, podvrsta i kategorija rada
Sažeci sa skupova, sažetak, znanstveni

Izvornik
HGM 2002, Human Genome meeting Program and Abstract book / - : Nature publishing group, 2002, 237-237

Skup
HGM 2002, Human Genome meeting

Mjesto i datum
Šangaj, Kina, 14.04.2002. - 17.04.2002

Vrsta sudjelovanja
Poster

Vrsta recenzije
Međunarodna recenzija

Sažetak
Phylogeography of the non-recombining maternally inherited mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and paternally inherited Y chromosome have been broadly used to shed light on different aspects of demographic history of human populations. Based on coalescence age calculations, more than 80% of maternal lineages present in extant populations are believed to belong to the Upper Palaeolithic gene pool. With the onset of the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) ca 20 000 years ago the maternal lineages were compressed into refugia and started to re-expand together with the climate improvement ca 15 000 years ago. In order to investigate possible reflections of those processes in genetic pool of present European populations we have analysed more than 5000 mtDNA samples from different populations of Europe (from Baltic region to western Siberia) and Near East using the sequencing of the first hypervariable segment (HVS-I) of mtDNA control region and combined it with RFLP typing of informative coding region polymorphisms. The phylogenetic networks based on obtained data were further investigated following the phylogeographic analysis of individual lineage clusters (subhaplogroups). Here we will concentrate on the lineages within a major western Eurasian haplogroup U, particularly on its most frequent subclusters U5 and U4. U5 is one of the largest western Eurasian maternal lineage clades, present also in northwestern Africa, in Near and Middle East and in Central Asia. Its coalescence age is calculated as 45 000…55 000 years BP. In its highest values U5 is present in some Finno-Ugric speaking populations (about half of Saami maternal lineages). The phylogenetic network for U5 reveals more than ten putative sub-founders, most of which coalescence ages are around 11 000…13 000 years BP which is corresponding to a rapid warming of climate after LGM and to the re-occupation of northern Europe by humans. U4 is largely a northeastern-central European variety of mtDNA and a characteristic sample of clinal distribution of maternal lineages in Europe. Its coalescence age is calculated to 16 000 … 24 000 years BP. U4 is nearly absent in Indo-Iranian speaking populations (Iranians, Ossetes and Kurds) but is frequent in Finno-Ugric speaking populations and among Volga basin Turkic speakers. Although mostly European-specific, its frequency is highest (ca 16 %) among western Siberian people - Khantys. The subcluster U4a is shared by different European populations, but the subcluster U4b is characteristic mostly to Germanic speaking populations and absent in Finno-Ugric, Volga region and western Siberian people. The coalescence age calculations for U4 subclusters reveal different expansion times after LGM in different geographical regions. Following the phylogeographical approach of discussing the mtDNA data we conclude that the present-day distribution of maternal lineages is largely determined by demographic events after the LGM.

Izvorni jezik
Engleski

Znanstvena područja
Etnologija i antropologija

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