Naslov
A Short Review of Medical Informatics History

Autori
Deželić, Gjuro

Izvornik
Acta informatica Medica (0353-8109) 15 (2007), 1; 43-48

Vrsta, podvrsta i kategorija rada
Radovi u časopisima, pregledni rad, stručni

Ključne riječi
Medical informatics - history, research, education

Sažetak
Development of medical infomatics started in die fifties of the last century. In the postwar period USA was a leading country in the field of computer science and this led to the first uses of computers in medicine. The pioneers of medical informatics are mentioned, includinq Joshua Lederberg and William S. Yamamoto who early showed interest in automatic calculation in the forties of the 20th century. The important work of Robert S. Ledley, as the first medical professional working with the first computer of the pre-transistor era SEAC on the development of new computing methods in the field of symbolic logics is described, leading later to his famous work withb Lee B. Lusted in automatic medical decision making. Another important step in medical informatics history was the development of BMDP software (Biomedical Programs) by Wilfrid J. Dixon and collaborators, allowing use of computers in biostatistics. As the first project in the field of computerized diagnostics, resulting from an incentive of Arthur E. Rikli, Cesar A. Caceres and Hubert V. Pipberger developed a method for automatic analysis of electrocardiograms. The introduction of ARPANET, an early forerunner of Internet, is noted as an important step for development of computerized medical applications. The history of the development of health information systems, computerization of clinical laboratories, computerized medical records, automated multiphasic health screening is presened. The names as G. Octo Barnett from the Massachusetts General Hospital, Wesley Clark and Charles Molnar from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, William Hammond from the Duke Uniwrsity, Lawrence L. Weed from the University of Vermont, Morris F. Collen from the Kaiser-Permanente Medical Care, and others are mentioned. The development of medical informatics in Europe is presented, describing the pioneering role of Peter L. Reichertz in Germany and Francois Gremy in France. First hospital information systems in Europe were implemented during the late sixties in Sweden (Danderyd and Karolinska Hospital), Great Britain (Kings Hospital in London) and Germany (Medizinische System Hannover). In 1979 the first Nobel Prize in physiology and medicine was given for an achievement in medical informatics, the computer tomoqraphy - the laureates were Godfrey N. Hounsfield and Allan M. Cormack. Computer assisted medical decision making started to develop significanHy in the seventies in USA with the consultation system HELP of Homer R. Warner and collaborators. The beginning of seventies notes the development of artificial intelligence methods and expert systems. In this connection presented are the systems DENDRAL of Edward Feigenbaum, Bruce Buchanan, Joshua Lederberg and Carl Djerassi, INTERNIST-1 of Jack D. Myers and collaborators, CASNET of Kasimir A. Kulikowski and Sholom M. Weiss, MYCIN and ONCOCIN of Edward H. Shortliffe and collaborators, CARDIAG-7. of Klaus-Peter Adlassnig, KARDIO of Ivan Bratko and collaborators. The development of information and communication technologies (ICT) during the last two decades of the 20th century was particularly important for medical informatics, with Internet and its profound influence on the everyday medical work. It is emphasized that Internet caused a new information revolution since medical information became available in the public and ceased to be in exclusive control of health professionals. The development and global spreading of ICT brought also new medical fields, interdisciplinary connected to medical informatics: telemedicine and cybermedicine.

Izvorni jezik
Engleski

Znanstvena područja
Računarstvo, Javno zdravstvo i zdravstvena zaštita

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