Naslov
The new insights about deep karst springs in the Dinaric karst of Croatia

Autori
Garašić, Mladen ; Garašić, Davor

Vrsta, podvrsta i kategorija rada
Radovi u zbornicima skupova, cjeloviti rad (in extenso), znanstveni

Izvornik
Proceedings of the 17th International Congress of Speleology, July 22–28, Sydney, NSW Australia, Volume 2 / Moore, Kevin ; White, Susan - Sydney : Australian Speleological Federation Inc and Speleo2017 in the co-operation with the International Union of Speleology, 2017, 30-33

ISBN
978-0980806052076

Skup
17th International Congress of Speleology

Mjesto i datum
Sydney, Australija, 22.07.2017. - 28.07.2017

Vrsta sudjelovanja
Predavanje

Vrsta recenzije
Međunarodna recenzija

Ključne riječi
Cave, Karst Springs, Dinaric Karst, Croatia

Sažetak
In the recent years, several international cave diving expeditions were organised in the Dinaric karst of Croatia. The objectives were conducting new research of previously known springs and wells and also exploring the new ones. The results are fascinating. They contain documented depth and volume of the cave space filled with water. The cause of verticality in constantly submerged underground cavities (siphons and springs) in the Dinaric karst can be explained within a wider geological context. The African tectonic plate and the its northern end called Adriatic plate, stresses below the south-west part of Euro-Asian or Dinaric tectonic plate. This is a special tectonic subduction phenomenon very similar to the Nazca plate in Pacific Ocean or the Austral-Indian plate in Indian Ocean, but has lower intensity and depth. The Dinaric plate has neotectonic uplifting, and karstification processes rapidly progress at depth, reaching several hundred m in a carbonate complex. The evidence for this can be found in Mesozoic rocks in the northwestern parts of the Dinaric karst in Slovenia with depths of up to 160 m (Divje Lake near Idrija), in the Croatian part of the Dinaric karst with many deep springs over 200 m, the Bosnian and Herzegovina Dinaric karst (i.e. the karst springs of Buna and Bunica rivers with depths of over 160 m), the Dinaric karst of Montenegro (springs Gurdić, Sopot, Ljuta) with a depth of -133 m to Albania where the deepest spring in Dinaric Karst (spring Viroi) was explored and dived to 267 m. Divje jezero lake is the spring of the Jezernica River, a tributary of the Idrijca and at 55 m long, the shortest river in Slovenia. Water flows from underground and through a steeply inclined tunnel, explored to the depth of 160 m . The discharge occasionally surpasses 60 cubic m per second. The deepest karst spring in the Croatian Dinaric karst is Spring (Vrelo) of the Una River (with a maximum discharge of about 100 m3/s), where diving shows a depth of -248 m . Spring Sinac in Plaško polje has been dived to the depth of -203 m. Similarly the very popular springs of the river Kupa (-155 m) in Gorski Kotar, the river Gacka (-105 depth, length of 1150m) in Lika), river Cetina (-110 m depth, length of 1300 m) in the Dalmatinska Zagora, the spring Rumin Veliki (depth of - 150 m) in the Sinjska Krajina, than rivers Krnjeza and Krupa with diving depths of over 100 m have been dived. Interestingly, along the Adriatic coast in Croatia there also exists deep and long submarine springs (vrulje), ie. caves under seawater springs. i.e. - vruljas Zecica over 900 m, Vrulja Modrič over 2800 m long and vrulja Dubci, 161 m deep, and all completely flooded. The dominant role of tectonic activity in the creation and functioning of these caves is evident.

Izvorni jezik
Engleski

Znanstvena područja
Geologija, Građevinarstvo, Rudarstvo, nafta i geološko inženjerstvo

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