Naslov
Ostvarivanje arbitražnih odluka u rimskom pravu
(Enforcement of arbitral awards in Roman law)

Autori
Milotić, Ivan

Izvornik
Zbornik Pravnog fakulteta u Zagrebu (0350-2058) 66 (2016), 6; 785-809

Vrsta, podvrsta i kategorija rada
Radovi u časopisima, članak, znanstveni

Ključne riječi
arbitraža, arbitar, arbitražna odluka, rimsko pravo
(arbitration, arbitrator, arbitral award, Roman law)

Sažetak
Arbitražni postupak u rimskome pravu završava arbitrovom odlukom, no funkcija i smisao arbitraže nastaju tek njezinim ostvarivanjem. Najraširenije vrste arbitraža u rimskome pravu bile su ili isključivo ili prevladavajuće privatni postupci koji su završavali arbitrovom odlukom koja nije bila ostvariva prisilom rimske države. Budući da je arbitrova odluka u rimskome pravu sve do 530. godine bila pravno nesankcionirana kategorija, u arbitražnoj praksi razvio se niz mehanizama kojima se posrednim putem postizala vezanost stranaka odlukom arbitra. Time se ujedno na različite načine postizao i temeljni smisao arbitraže u rimskom pravu. U ovome se radu ovisno o pojedinoj vrsti arbitraže rimskoga prava (boni viri i ex compromisso) analizira način ostvarivanja arbitrove odluke.

Izvorni jezik
Hrvatski

Znanstvena područja
Pravo

Napomena
The main goal of arbitration in Roman law was to
render the arbitral award and, afterwards, to
assure its enforcement. The problem of its
enforcement in Roman law should be observed from
the viewpoint of the legal nature of the award.
Arbitrations handled by boni viri and those
arranged ex compromisso were private proceedings
which ended in arbitral awards that were legally
unsanctioned. This meant that their enforcement
overseen by the authority of the Roman state was
not available. From its earliest period Roman law
developed a range of legal mechanisms by which the
enforcement of such awards was achieved
indirectly. In arbitration handled by boni viri
this goal was achieved by way of non-legal
pressure exerted by the social environment. By
using this means the society gave authority and
non-legal binding force to arbitrations boni viri.
In case of arbitration ex compromisso (the most
common type of arbitration in classical and pre-
classical Rome) enforcement of an arbitral award
was achieved by stipulating a conventional penalty
in the arbitral agreement. The conventional
penalty was a predictable property loss addressed
to the party who had abandoned arbitration or
refused to execute the arbitral award. In 530 AD
several imperial constitutions of the emperor
Justinian recognized arbitration ex compromisso by
providing a legal sanction. By introducing this
legal regime Justinian proclaimed enforceability
of the arbitral awards emerging from arbitration
ex compromisso. On the other side, arbitration
handled by boni viri continued to exist as a
legally unsanctioned category of dispute
resolution, which meant that the arbitral awards
emerging form this type of procedure were not
enforceable by state authority.

POVEZANOST RADA