ࡱ> ,-+ܥhW ed:%Td7DjDjjDjDjDjDjDDDDDDD DD$SJDDDDDDDDPPPP,P&Q&SnSXS_$SjDDDDDD$SOjDjDDDOOOD jDDjDDP0{~~D D6jDjDjDjDDPOOPROJECTS FOR EDUCATION VIA INTERNET IN CROATIA Milan Matijevi University of Zagreb Zagreb, Croatia In the Republic of Croatia the Internet attracted the attention of experts from different scientific areas. Some of them are more interested in hardware possibilities and technological solutions, others, on the other hand, in the software and the organizational solutions in various areas of work. Educational experts are primarily interested in the possibility of using the Internet to change learning strategies and the organization of school life in general. Considering the first projects that refer to checking out the possibilities of using the Internet in education it can be presumed that school will undergo considerable changes in the years to come. These changes will refer to learning strategies, to the role of the teacher and the student in the teaching process as well as to the introduction of new forms of communication into schools and between schools and larger computer centres. This paper describes the projects in the Republic of Croatia which refer to the use of the Internet in education and science. CARNet and educational projects The word CARNet is an acronym for the Croatian Academic and Research Network. This institution was founded by the government of the Republic of Croatia in 1995, although it has been experimentally functioning since 1991. It is the aim of the CARNet to achieve four basic goals: - the building and the support of computer systems in science and higher education in the Republic of Croatia - the implementation of and the support to the experimental work of the newest computer and communication technologies and systems, - the experimental application of computer technology in different areas of work, - the popularization and stimulation of mass application of computer technology in different areas of work in the Republic of Croatia. In realizing these tasks the CARNet is assisted by the University Computer Centre (SRCE) and the Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing in Zagreb. So far, thanks to the efforts of the CARNet experts and to the Croatian Government all scientific institutions and universities have been connected into the CARNet by means of their node computers. This network includes all the towns in which a university institution is situated (Zagreb, Osijek, Rijeka, Split, Dubrovnik, Zadar, Varazdin, Opatija, Pula, Rovinj and Porec). The CARNet, assisted by experts from the University Computer Centre, organizes courses on Internet literacy for students and university lecturers. So far, the courses have had more than 3000 attendants. Experts gathered in the CARNet have started a number of pilot projects that should help introduce computer technology and the Internet into various areas of work as well as use the results of the projects for educational purposes. Currently, experts have been working on the following pilot projects: 1. Information Service for Biodiversity (information about highly rich flora, remarkable fauna and specific ecological conditions in Croatia) [http://pubwww.srce.hr/botanic/] 2. Current Contents and Medline (databases of the Institute for Scientific Information and biomedical database) [http://nippur.irb.hr/ovid/] 3. Automatic Telescope (complete automatisation of the work of the telescope NR 407 at the Vinjan Observatory and its connection to CARNet; making the services of the telescope accessible to Internet users) [http:// pubwww.srce.hr/visnjan/telescope] 4. A Brief History of the Croatian State (illustrated abstracts about the most important events from Croatian history) [http:// misp.isp.hr/povijest] 5. Educational Multimedia Survey of Diabetes Mellitus (facts on prevention, genesis, developments and treatment of diabetes are presented as video-sequences, static images and graphs, animation and text, accompanied by speech) [http://maja.zems.fer.hr/~kiki] 6. Parallel and Distributed Alghoritms, Systems and Tools (their application in nuclear physics, solid state physics, quantum chemistry, continuum mechanics, oceanography and medicine; using the newest ATM network technology it has become possible to turn the CARNet into a uniquely distributed supercomputer) [http://para.phy.hr] 7. PGP (Pretty Good Privacy) Experimental Reference Centre (this application makes public key cryptography available to everyone, free for all non-commercial use) [http://pgp.rasip.fer.hr] 8. Croatian State Archives on the Internet (from the charters of Croatian medieval rulers, records of state and ecclesiastic institutions, old noble families and eminent individuals, old maps and plans, graphics, up to contemporary public records, film and sound archives) [http://public.srce.hr/~jivanovi] 9. Mathematica Refferral Center (MRC) (the Ministry of Science of the Republic of Croatia has signed a contract with the producer of the Mathematica package - Wolfram Research, Inc., concerning the installation of Mathematica in Croatian Universities) [http://mrc.math.hr] 10. Croatian Natural Sciences Information System Project (connecting ten libraries in the field of natural sciences into a unified computer system) [http://nippur.irb.hr/prirodo/] 11. Remote Follow-up of Cardiac Pacemakers (in the pacemaker centre there is a work station connected to an electrostimulation device in the remote physicians office through CARNet; a pacing expert can thoroughly examine a patient that is far away from the centre by means of monitoring the ECG curves and the device remote control) [http://www.mikroprom.hr/mikroprom/cropace] 12. Croatian Information Service for Environment (this service is in an implementing phase; it contains information on air, land, and water, sea and human-environment interaction) [http:/pubwww.srce.hr/botanic/] 13. www.hr (designing www Home Page of Croatia which serves as an entry point to every Internet surfer who wants information about Croatia) [http://www.hr] Scientific Projects on Learning via Internet A group of experts at the Department of Pedagogy of the University of Zagreb have been researching some aspects of the application of hypermedia educational technology in primary school as well as grammar schools and secondary vocational schools. The project entitled Hypermedia Educational Technology and Media Didactics is financed by the Ministry of Science and Technology of the Republic of Croatia. The project group leader is Milan Matijevic, and it currently includes five experts from various fields of education (school pedagogy, educational technology and media didactics, psychology of learning, mother tongue teaching methodology). Hypermedia educational technology and other contemporary media of communication can considerably enrich educational communication in school and contribute to the overcoming of the weaknesses of a strict class-subject-lesson system and the predominance of frontal teaching. This technology will help to unify quality teaching conditions for students in different geographic, social and cultural environments and to increase the chances of individual progress of talented students. The group of experts working on the above mentioned projects want to achieve that the students in Croatian schools learn assisted by computers and not about computers. It is the intention of the researchers to gather and evaluate the experiences around the world on the use of hypermedia educational technology as well as of other teaching media. They will also study the learning conditions in the hypermedia environment, the contents of such learning, individual results, the possibilities of individual planning for talented students as well as the nature and quality of learning assisted by other teaching media. The results of the research will find their application in the education of adolescents and adults. It is of great importance for the territory of the Republic of Croatia to give equal chances to all the students to access information bases both in Croatia and throughout the world. The chances for young people to access topical scientific information are different in different regions of Croatia. In the largest towns some of them have access to rich databases at universities and in the city libraries. Others, on the other hand, cannot get current information from the territory of Croatia, let alone from the rest of the world (schools on the Croatian islands in the Adriatic sea or in underdeveloped regions). The stimulation of the introduction of hypermedia technology into all the schools will equalize the chances for quality learning in all the regions of Croatia. Individuals and larger groups of experts will be trained to use hypermedia educational technology in school and to apply teaching materials for this technology in Croatia. Karolj Skala leads an expert group at the Rudjer Boskovic Institute of Zagreb University, working on the project Research of hypermedia systems for knowledge transfer [http://mipro.irb.hr/]. This project is also financed by the Ministry of Science and Technology of the Republic of Croatia. This research group analyzes visual interface and the technology of knowledge transfer. The results of these analyses and modern hypermedia technology will make possible the application of the new generation of 3D VR interface in computer systems, and, primarily, the issuing of new educational products on new electronic media (CD-ROM, WAN and LAN textbooks). The co-operation of the two mentioned research teams has been planned as well as co-operation with experts from Slovenia, Austria and Hungary. Some results of pilot research The research group working on the project Hypermedia educational technology and media didactics did pilot research on a pattern of students attending science oriented grammar schools and technical schools in Zagreb. The research comprised 383 students attending the above mentioned schools in Zagreb. 62% of the total number of the surveyed students attending the third class of the mentioned schools have a personal computer at home. The number of male students having a computer exceeds the number of female students. So far, 42 % of the students have had the chance to use the Internet, the percentage of male students exceeding once again the percentage of female ones. 26.8% of the students have access to Internet from their home personal computers. Students mostly use WWW tools and E-mail, mainly for searching, with no particular aim and for communication with other users. A vast majority of the students have learned to use the Internet from their friends or from books and magazines. The number of students, on the other hand, who have learned to use the Internet at school is insignificant. Moreover, it is interesting that students use the Internet to a little extent to learn their school subjects, and they mainly learn what they consider interesting, regardless of how much that is related to the school subjects (Matijevic et al., 1997). Experts from the Centre for Distance Education Birotehnika in Zagreb, the best known institution for distance education functioning in Croatia for over thirty years, have been preparing a concept to use the Internet as assistance to their students. The first results of pilot research show that 30% of their attendants have a personal computer at home and that only 15% of the attendants have had the opportunity to use the Internet. With the technical equipment of the Centre for Distance Education Birotehnika and the equipment owned by the attendants it is not yet possible to enter serious learning projects assisted by the Internet. Still, the situation is expected to change for the better in one years time. * * * This paper presents Croatian projects that research the possibility of using the Internet for learning and knowledge transfer. As compared with the situation in the rest of the world it is not much, but these projects have an enormous importance for the Republic of Croatia. They are, primarily, attempts to follow the newest trends in computer technology and to make the intellectual potentials of Croatia and databases available to experts from all over the world. Moreover, all these efforts should be recorded, and the work of experts that will, some day, analyze the development of the Internet in Croatia and in the world should be systematically presented. References: 1. Braus, V. (1996), Referalni centar za programski sustav Mathematica (Mathematica Refferral Center). Zagreb: CARNet projekti, 20 p. 2. Bri, V. i Korlevi, K. (1996), Automatizacija upravljanja teleskopa NR 407 (Automatisation of the work of the telescope NR 407). Zagreb: CARNet projekti, 8 p. 3. Buczynski, A. (1996), Kratka povijest hrvatske drave (A Brief History of the Croatian State). Zagreb: CARNet projekti, 8 p. 4. Ferek-Petri, B. (1996), Telemedicina u elektrostimulaciji srca (Remote Follow-up of Cardiac Pacemakers). Zagreb: CARNet projekti, 8 p. 5. Hadija, M. (1996), Obrazovni multimedijski prikaz eerne bolesti (Educational Multimedia Survey of Diabetes Mellitus). Zagreb: CARNet projekti, 8 p. 6. * * * Hypermedia Educational Technology and Media Didactics (Project). Faculty of Art, Department of educational Sciences. Zagreb, 1996, p. 24 (unpublished). 7. Inkert, R. (1996), Ulaz u hipermedijski sustav Republike Hrvatske (www.hr project), Zagreb: CARNet projekti, 20 p. 8. Jovanovi, J. (1996), Hrvatski dravni arhiv. Zagreb: CARNet projekti, 12 p. 9. Matijevi, M., Rijavec, M. i Drandi, B. (1997), Secondary school students in Croatia and Interent. 20th Annualn International Conference "MIPRO '97" (Symposium on Multimedia and Hypermedia System), 19 to 23 May 1997, Opatija, Croatia. 10. Nikoli, T. (1996), Hrvatski informacijski servis za bioloku raznolikost (Bology Database and GIS). CARNet projekti, Zagreb, 12 p. 11. Stojanovski, J. (1996), Sustav znanstvenih informacija RH: Prirodoslovlje (Croatian Natural Sciences Information System project). CARNet projekti, Zagreb, p 12. 12. Stojanovski, J. (1996), Current Contents, Medline i Core Biomedical Collection. Zagreb: CARNet projekti, 8 p. /=s9Isg>[F!9%?Dn9K19'[V?!H9㍾0!s3S&Գv߼-!ZKn9,e3>y:,*dK$2)>cwy=FY>tNOU!w}$.^1 ^@xEу{X*Na;čYM­$nd q }r#$z2 ckon|oѮz KkCd:w`5+Ϩ2)Vw-tsw^IНcdxRyM,. >&9k4EB.9)3,| \ϝm|maG;Rra=.oE0@fiGdkq~%g%(&((( )3333=4445[555F6n66 7^777878;8=88*9h99:D:d:{:u]chV]c]cU]cUccU]cUcO/0@Uef45hi l L b e LM#DEghLlm`$-`z{yzfgd!e!~%%((((((((**++..000033$$$,3334444?5@555f6g6 7 7777788K9L999d:$$$$$$$$$$ 48K@Normala "A@"Default Paragraph Fontd7d:!     %2d7{:`3d: !6?NTU[]dy&io!|zEK9 ? 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