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e v i R e n a t a 1 , B r m e ~ M i r j a n a 1 , I at u k S a n d a 1 , M u s o v i A l e k s a n d r a 1
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i a 1 d , 3 1 0 0 0 O s i j e k ; H Y P E R L I N K " m a i l t o : a s t a n i s @ p f o s . h r " a s t a n i s @ p f o s . h r
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U p o s l j e d n j i h n e k o l i k o g o d i n a n a t r ~i at u s u s e p o j a v i l i n o v i h e r b i c i d i k a o n p r v i n s k i o c a t i l i o n i k o j i s a d r ~e l i m u n o v s o k , l i m u n s k u k i s e l i n u , p e l a r g o n i j s k u k i s e l i n u , c i m e t n u k i s e l i n u i d r u g e b i l j n e s a s t o j k e . U p o t r e b a v i n s k o g o c t a u s u z b i j a n j u k o r o v a j e j e d a n o d n a j m a n j e at e t n i h n a
i n a s u z b i j a n j a . N j e g o v a e f i k a s n o s t v a r i r a o v i s n o o d k o r o v a k o j i s u z b i j a m o i k o n c e n t r a c i j i o c t e n e k i s e l i n e . A k o j e k o n c e n t r a c i j a o c t e n e k i s e l i n e v i aa o d 8 % o n d a m o r a o c a t b i t i n a v e d e n k a o a k t i v n a t v a r . N e k e k o m e r c i j a l n e f o r m u l a c i j e v i n s k o g o c t a s a d r ~e l i m u n o v s o k i l i c i t r u s o v o u l j e , t e s e d o d a j e i m a l a k o l i
i n a t e k u e g s a p u n a k o j i d j e l u j e k a o s u r f a k t a n t ( o m o g u a v a b o l j e m i j e aa n j e u l j a i s o k a ) . H e r b i c i d d j e l u j e s a m o n a t r e t i r a n i n a d z e m n i d i o k o r o v a , a n e u t j e
e n a k o r i j e n t a k o d a n e k i v i ae g o d i an j i k o r o v i e s e o p o r a v i t i z a h v a l j u j u i r e z e r v n o j t v a r i u k o r i j e n u . O c a t n a t l o d j e l u j e t a k o d a s m a n j i p H t l a n o s a m o p r i v r e m e n o . Z a 4 8 h s e p H v r a t i n a p r i j a an j u v r i j e d n o s t . ( T e a s d a l e a n d R a d h a k r i s h n a n , 2 0 0 2 ) . D i a z ( 2 0 0 2 ) n a v o d i d a s e n a j b o l j i r e z u l t a t i p o s t i ~u a k o s e k o r o v t r e t i r a u f a z i r a z v o j a 2 - 6 l i s t o v a , t r e t i r a j u i u r a z m a c i m a o d 2 t j e d n a , a m a k s i m a l n i r e z u l t a t i s e p o s t i ~u k a d a k o r o v i m a r a z v i j e n a 4 l i s t a . C h i n e r y i W e s t o n ( 2 0 0 1 ) z a k l j u
i l i s u d a s v i t r e t m a n i o c t e n o m k i s e l i n o m s u u z r o k o v a l i n e k u r e a k c i j u i t o v e 6 s a t i n a k o n t r e t i r a n j a , a n a k o n 7 2 s a t a n a s v i m k o r o v i m a j e at e t a b i l a 9 5 1 0 0 % . O c t e n a k i s e l i n a j e d j e l o v a l a n a k o r o v v e n a k o n 6 s a t i d o k j e h e r b i c i d u s a g l i f o s a t o m b i o p o t r e b a n d u l j i p e r i o d , a l i s e k o r o v t r e t i r a n o c t e n o m k i e s e l i n o m b r ~e o p o r a v i o ( n a k o n 9 t j e d a n a ) n e g o o n a j t r e t i r a n s a g l i f o s a t o m ( n a k o n 1 3 t j e d a n a ) . A l l i e v i i s u r . ( 1 9 9 6 . ) Z a k l j u
i l i s u d a h e r b i c i d i n e m a v e l i k i u t j e c a j n a m i k r o f l o r u t l a u s l o j e v i m a d u b l j i m o d 2 c m . D i c k ( 2 0 1 0 ) j e i s t r a ~i o u t j e c a j h e r b i c i d a n a p H t l a . O n j e u s t v r d i o d a a k o j e p H t l a v e i , t a k o r a s t e i o p a s n o s t o d o at e e n j a u s j e v a .
M a t e r i j a l i m e t o d e
H e r b o l o ak a i s t r a ~i v a n j a u n a s a d u k u p i n e p r o v e d e n a s u n a k a m b i
n o m a r e n o s o l u ( F A O 1 9 9 0 a ) , u r e v a c , l o k a l i t e t V e l i k i k o s t a n j u v e g e t a c i j s k o j g o d i n i 2 0 1 0 . P o k u s j e p o s t a v l j e n 1 6 . 0 4 . 2 0 1 0 . g o d . U p o k u s u j e i s t r a ~i v a n h e r b i c i d n i u
i n a k o c t e n e k i s e l i n e ( T 2 - 2 5 % i T 3 1 5 % k o n c e n t r a c i j e ) t e k o m b i n a c i j a o c t e n e i l i m u n s k e k i s e l i n e ( T 4 - 2 5 % + 2 5 % i 1 5 % + 1 5 % k o n c e n t r a c i j e . K a o o k v a ai v a
s m o k o r i s t i l i t e k u i s a p u n ( L i k v i b a l s a m , S a p o n i a d . d . ) p H n e u t r a l a n , b i o r a z g r a d l j i v u z d o d a t a k 5 g r a m a N a C l / l . Z a k o n t r o l u ( T 1 ) j e k o r i at e n h e r b i c i d n i p r i p r a v a k B o o m e f e k t u k o n c e n t r a c i j i 1 , 5 % k o j i p r e d s t a v l j a n e s e l e k t i v n i h e r b i c i d n a b a z i g l i f o s a t a ( 3 6 0 g / l ) , f o r m u l a c i j e S L . T r e t i r a l i s m o p o d r u
j e i s p o d k u p i n a u d u l j i n i 2 5 m , a ai r i n e o k o 1 m . T r e t i r a n o p o d r u
j e s m o p o d i j e l i l i n a 5 p a r c e l a , s v a k a d u l j i n e p o 5 m . U k u p n o j e t r e t i r a n o 1 5 b i l j k a ( 3 b i l j k e p o k o m b i n a c i j i ) .
Z a k o r o v l j e n o s t u s j e v a u t v r e n a j e n a o s n o v i b r o j a k o r o v a , d v a p u t a u s e z o n i . P r v i p u t a , p r i j e p r i m j e n e h e r b i c i d n i h p r i p r a v a k a , 1 6 . 0 4 . 2 0 1 0 . g o d . i d r u g i p u t a n a k o n p r i m j e n e h e r b i c i d n i h p r i p r a v a k a 1 4 . 0 5 . 2 0 1 0 . g o d . U z o r c i k o r o v n i h b i l j a k a z a b o t a n i
k u a n a l i z u u z e t i s u s p o v r ai n e o d 0 , 2 5 m 2 n a
e t i r i s l u
a j n o o d a b r a n a m j e s t a u s v a k o j p a r c e l i , t j . n a u k u p n o 1 6 m j e s t a i l i p o n a v l j a n j a z a s v a k u v a r i j a n t u u p o k u s u . U l a b o r a t o r i j u s u k o r o v n e v r s t e d e t e r m i n i r a n e p r e m a o d g o v a r a j u i m p r i r u
n i c i m a ( D o m a c , 2 0 0 2 , K n e ~e v i , 2 0 0 6 ) t e r a z v r s t a n e p o v r s t a m a i i z b r o j a n i n a d z e m n i i z d a n c i . B r o j b i l j a k a z a s v a k u v r s t u i z r a ~e n j e p o m 2 . Z a d a l j n j u a n a l i z u , k o r o v n e v r s t e s v r s t a n e s u u d v i j e k o r o v n e s k u p i n e : j e d n o s u p n i c e i d v o s u p n i c e . U
i n k o v i t o s t h e r b i c i d n i h p r i p r a v a k a i z r a
u n a t a j e u o d n o s u n a k o n t r o l u ( g l i f o s a t ) i i z r a ~e n a u p o s t o t k u , p o s e b n o z a s v a k u k o r o v n u s k u p i n u i z a u k u p a n b r o j k o r o v a p o m 2 , p r e m a f o r m u l i :
K E ( % ) = Q U O T E X 1 0 0
K b r o j k o r o v a p o m 2 n a k o n t r o l i i p r i j e t r e t i r a n j a
T b r o j k o r o v a p o m 2 n a k o n t r e t i r a n j a
Z a n e m a t o l o ak e a n a l i z e , u z o r c i t l a s a s v i h 5 t r e t m a n a u z e t i s u s o n d o m p r o m j e r a 2 c m , n a d u b i n u 0 - 3 0 c m . I z d v a j a n j e j e o b a v l j e n o S e i n h o r s t o v o m m e t o d o m ( S e i n h o r s t , 1 9 5 6 . ) m e t o d o m b o c a . U t v r e n j e b r o j i p o p i s r o d o v a u 1 0 0 g t l a . U t v r e n a j e i b r o j n o s t n e m a t o d a i z t r o f i
k e g r u p e f u n g i v o r a , b u d u i d a o n e p o v e a v a j u b r o j n o s t s p o v e a n j e m k i s e l o s t i t l a . Z a a n a l i z e f i z i k a l n o - k e m i j s k i h s v o j s t a v a t l a s u , n a k o n z a v r ae t k a p o k u s a u z e t i p r o s j e
n i u z o r c i t l a p o s v i m k o m b i n a c i j a m a . S a d r ~a j h u m u s a o d r e e n j e b i k r o m a t n o m m e t o d o m , a p H v r i j e d n o s t u z o r a k a t l a o d r e e n a j e p r e m a L i s j a k i s u r . ( 2 0 0 9 . ) .
R e z u l t a t i i r a s p r a v a
I z r e z u l t a t a ( T a b l i c a 1 . ) v i d i s e d a t r e t m a n i o r g a n s k i m k i s e l i n a m a u r e l a t i v n o v i s o k i m k o n c e n t r a c i j a m a n i s u u z r o k o v a l e at e t n o d u g o t r a j n o s n i ~a v a n j e p H r e a k c i j e t l a u r a z d o b l j u 2 8 d a n a o d p o
e t k a p r i m j e n e i s t i h .
T a b l i c a 1 . A n a l i z a t l a p o z a v r ae t k u p o k u s a ( 1 4 . 0 5 . 2 0 1 0 . )
T R E T M A N p H ( H 2 O ) p H ( K C l ) H U M U S ( % ) H K K o n t r o l a ( 1 6 . 0 4 . 2 0 1 0 . ) 6 , 2 1 4 , 7 2 1 , 8 5 3 , 0 2 T 1 6 , 4 2 4 , 9 4 1 , 4 4 3 , 9 4 T 2 6 , 1 8 4 , 6 1 1 , 3 1 4 , 3 8 T 3 6 , 2 9 4 , 8 1 1 , 2 9 3 , 4 1 T 4 6 , 3 6 4 , 8 8 1 , 3 6 3 , 3 3 T 5 6 , 2 2 4 , 9 6 1 , 2 8 3 , 7 6
T r e t m a n g l i f o s a t o m o
e k i v a n o n i j e u z r o k o v a o n i k a k v u v i d l j i v u p r o m j e n u p H . P r e m a T e a s d a l e i R a d h a k r i s h n a n ( 2 0 0 2 ) o c a t n a t l o d j e l u j e t a k o d a t r e n u t a
n o s m a n j i p H t l a , n o s a m o p r i v r e m e n o . O n i u s v o j i m i s t r a ~i v a n j i m a n a v o d e d a s e p H z a 4 8 h v r a t i n a p r i j a an j u v r i j e d n o s t .
K o d t r e t m a n a g l i f o s a t o m b r o j i z d a n a k a j e d n o s u p n i c a i d v o s u p n i c a p o m 2 s e p o v e a o s a 1 5 7 n a 2 0 9 d o k s e k o d t r e t m a n a o r g a n s k i m k i s e l i n a m a z n a
a j n o s m a n j i o t a k o d a j e p i m j e r i c e n a j b o l j i r e z u l t a t p o s t i g n u t n a T 5 g d j e s e b r o j i z d a n a k a j e d n o s u p n i c a i d v o s u p n i c a s m a n j i o z a
a k 5 7 , 1 % t j . s a 1 8 7 n a s a m o 3 7 i z d a n a k a p o m 2 ( T a b l i c a 2 . i 3 . ) .
T a b l i c a 2 . F l o r i s t i
k i s a s t a v k o r o v n e z a j e d n i c e u n a s a d u k u p i n a ( p r i j e t r e t i r a n j a ) p r i r a z l i
i t i m t r e t m a n i m a i p r o s j e
a n b r o j i z d a n a k a k o r o v n i h v r s t a p o m 2 p o v r ai n e .
V R S T E K O R O V A ( 1 6 . 0 4 . 2 0 1 0 . ) : T 1 T 2 T 3 T 4 T 5 A : J E D N O S U P N I C E D i g i t a r i a s a n g u i n a l i s ( L . ) S c o p . 4 0 1 6 1 2 2 4 1 6 E c h i n o c h l o a c r u s - g a l l i ( L . ) P B . 0 0 2 4 4 8 1 2 S e t a r i a g l a u c a ( L . ) P B . 1 2 0 0 0 0 U K U P N O : 5 2 1 6 3 6 7 2 2 8B: DVOSUPNICEAchilea milleforium L.00004Conyza canadensis L. (Crong)40000Draba verna L.2020805684Lamium purpureum L.2880280Stellaria media (L.) Vill.168242820Taraxum officinale Web.1248288Valerianella locusta(L.)Laterrade2159254431Veronica persica Poir. 400012Vicia sativa L.000120Viola arvensis Murray00040UKUPNO:10599137200159A+B (JEDNOSUPNICE+DVOSUPNICE)157115173272187
Tablica 3. F l o r i s t i
k i s a s t a v k o r o v n e z a j e d n i c e u n a s a d u k u p i n a ( p o s l i j e t r e t i r a n j a ) p r i r a z l i
i t i m t r e t m a n i m a i p r o s j e
a n b r o j i z d a n a k a k o r o v n i h v r s t a p o m 2 p o v r ai n e .
V R S T E K O R O V A ( 1 4 . 0 5 . 2 0 1 0 . ) : T 1 T 2 T 3 T 4 T 5 A : J E D N O S U P N I C E D i g i t a r i a s a n g u i n a l i s ( L . ) S c o p . 8 4 1 2 482012Echinochloa crus-galli(L.)PB.7600124Setaria glauca(L.)PB. 00040UKUPNO: 16012483616KE % *92,570,077,590,0B: DVOSUPNICECapsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Med.40003Erigeron annuus (L.) Pers.210080Galium mollugo L.1501700Geranium dissectum (L.) 04000Stellaria media (L.) Vill.00400Taraxacum officinale Web.66888Valerianella locusta (L.) Laterrade100006Veronica persica Poir.120000Vicia grandiflora Scop.00084 \ ^ ` > @ B D b
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k e g r u p e f u n g i v o r a , p o v e a v a j u s v o j u b r o j n o s t u k i s e l i m s r e d i n a m a . U p r o v e d e n i m i s p i t i v a n j i m a u t j e c a j a p r i m j e n e e k o l o ak i p r i h v a t l j i v i h p r i p r a v a k a n a z a j e d n i c u k o r o v a u k u p i n a m a u o
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i n a o c t e n e ( 2 5 % ) i l i m u n s k e k i s e l i n e ( 2 5 % ) t j . t r e t m a n u T 4 . O s t a l i i s p i t i v a n i t r e t m a n i i m a l i s u z n a t n o m a n j i b r o j n e m a t o d a i z g r u p e f u n g i v o r a ( G r a f 1 . ) . N a j v e i b r o j r o d o v a ( G r a f 2 . ) u t v r e n j e u t r e t m a n u T 4 k o j i j e t r e t i r a n o c t e n o m i l i m u n s k o m k i s e l i n o m 2 5 % , d o k j e n a j m a n j a b r o j n o s t u t v r e n a u t r e t m a n u T 1 k o j i j e t r e t i r a n s r e d s t v o m n a b a z i g l i f o s a t a . I z t o g a z a k l j u
u j e m o k a k o s u e k o l o ak i p r i p r a v c i z a t r e t i r a n j e k o r o v a p u n o n e ak o d l j i v i j i z a o r g a n i z m e u t l u o d k e m i j s k i h p r i p r a v a k a n a b a z i g l i f o s a t a .
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e k i v a n o n i j e u t j e c a o n a p r o m j e n u p H t l a , a p o k u s o m j e u t v r e n o d a t a k o e r n i t r e t m a n i o r g a n s k i m k i s e l i n a m a ( T 2 - T 5 ) n i s u u t j e c a l i n a p r o m j e n u p H t l a . N a s v i m t r e t m a n i m a ( T 1 - T 5 ) u t v r e n a j e 1 0 0 % u
i n k o v i t o s t k o r i ae t n i h p r e p a r a t a u p e r i o d u 1 0 d a n a o d p o
e t k a t r e t i r a n j a . N a j b o l j a u
i n k o v i t o s t o r g a n s k i h k i s e l i n a n a s u z b i j a n j e k o r o v a s e p o s t i g l a u f e n o f a z i 4 - 6 r a z v i j e n i h l i s t o v a . R e t r o v e g e t a c i j a i s k a z a n a k r o z b r o j n o v o i z r a s l i h k o r o v n i h b i l j a k a b i l a j e z n a
a j n o m a n j a k o d t r e t m a n a o r g a n s k i m k i s e l i n a m a . T a j e f e k a t p r i p i s u j e m o d o d a n o j k o l i
i n i N a C l ( 5 g / l ) u s a m h e r b i c i d n i p r i p r a v a k . N a i m e , s m a t r a m o d a j e t a k o i z a z v a n i s o l n i s t r e s s k o d b i l j a k a o n e m o g u i o p o t r e b n o u s v a j a n j e v o d e , u n a t o
i z r a z i t o v e l i k i m k o l i
i n a m p a d a l i n a u p r o m a t r a n o m p e r i o d u . N a j u
i n k o v i t i j i s u s e p o k a z a l i t r e t m a n i s a 2 5 % k o n c e n t r a c i j o m o c t e n e k i s e l i n e ( T 2 ) i u k o m b i n a c i j i s a l i m u n s k o m k i s e l i n o m ( T 4 , T 5 ) . P r o v e d e n i m i s t r a ~i v a n j e m p o t v r e n o j e k a k o s u o r g a n s k e k i s e l i n e s a h e r b i c i d n i m d j e l o v a j e m p r i h v a t l j i v i j i u s m i s l u u t j e c a j a n a b i o r a z n o l i k o s t . P r i p r a v c i k o r i at e n i u i s t r a ~i v a n j u m a n j e s u u z n e m i r i l i z a j e d n i c u n e m a t o d a u t l u t j . n i s u at e t n o u t j e c a l i n a b i o r a z n o l i k o s t u t l u . N e m a t o d e s u s e p o k a z a l e k a o i z v r s n i b i o i n d i k a t o r i k i s e l o s t i t l a .
L i t e r a t u r a
H Y P E R L I N K " h t t p : / / w w w . n c b i . n l m . n i h . g o v / p u b m e d ? t e r m = % 2 2 A l l i e v i % 2 0 L % 2 2 % 5 B A u t h o r % 5 D " A l l i e v i L , H Y P E R L I N K " h t t p : / / w w w . n c b i . n l m . n i h . g o v / p u b m e d ? t e r m = % 2 2 G i g l i o t t i % 2 0 C % 2 2 % 5 B A u t h o r % 5 D " G i g l i o t t i C , H Y P E R L I N K " h t t p : / / w w w . n c b i . n l m . n i h . g o v / p u b m e d ? t e r m = % 2 2 S a l a r d i % 2 0 C % 2 2 % 5 B A u t h o r % 5 D " S a l a r d i C , H Y P E R L I N K " h t t p : / / w w w . n c b i . n l m . n i h . g o v / p u b m e d ? t e r m = % 2 2 V a l s e c c h i % 2 0 G % 2 2 % 5 B A u t h o r % 5 D " V a l s e c c h i G , H Y P E R L I N K " h t t p : / / w w w . n c b i . n l m . n i h . g o v / p u b m e d ? t e r m = % 2 2 B r u s a % 2 0 T % 2 2 % 5 B A u t h o r % 5 D " B r u s a T , H Y P E R L I N K " h t t p : / / w w w . n c b i . n l m . n i h . g o v / p u b m e d ? t e r m = % 2 2 F e r r a r i % 2 0 A % 2 2 % 5 B A u t h o r % 5 D " F e r r a r i A . ( 1 9 9 6 ) : I n f l u e n c e o f t h e h e r b i c i d e b e n t a z o n o n s o i l m i c r o b i a l c o m m u n i t y , D I S T A M , S e z i o n e M i c r o b i o l o g i a A g r a r i a , A l i m e n t a r e , E c o l o g i c a , U n i v e r s i t a d e g l i S t u d i d i M i l a n o , I t a l y .
C h i n e r y D . , W e s t o n L . ( 2 0 0 1 ) : V i n e g a r H e r b i c i d e , r e p o r t ( p r o j e c t t i t l e : E v a l u a t i o n o f a c e t i c a c i d b a s e d h e r b i c i d e s f o r u s e i n b r o a d - s p e c t r u m t u r f g r a s s a n d w e e d c o n t r o l )
D i a z P . ( 2 0 0 2 ) : V i n e g a r a s a n O r g a n i c W e e d K i l l e r , N e w F o o d C o - o p , N e w s l e t t e r
D i c k C . ( 2 0 1 0 ) : H o w S o i l p H A f f e c t s S o i l - A p p l i e d H e r b i c i d e s ;
D o m a c R . ( 2 0 0 2 ) : H Y P E R L I N K " h t t p : / / k n j i g a . h r / 0 4 . a s p ? I D = 2 8 8 0 & p a r a m = f " F l o r a H r v a t s k e - p r i r u
n i k z a o d r e i v a n j e b i l j a , H Y P E R L I N K " h t t p : / / k n j i g a . h r / 0 6 . a s p ? p a r a m = % C 5 % A 0 & I D = 2 7 2 " `k o l s k a k n j i g a d . d . , Z a g r e b , s t r . 5 0 4 .
F A O . ( 1 9 9 0 a ) : F A O - U n e s c o S o i l m a p o f t h e W o r l d : R e v i s e d L e g e n d , W o r l d S o i l R e s o u r c e s r e p o r t 6 0 , F A O / U n e s c o / I S R I C , R o m e .
K n e ~e v i M . ( 2 0 0 6 ) : A t l a s k o r o v n e , r u d e r a l n e i t r a v n j a
k e f l o r e , p o l j o p r i v r e d n i f a k u l t e t O s i j e k , s t r . 4 0 2 .
L i s j a k M . , `p o l j a r e v i M . , A g i D . , A n d r i L . ( 2 0 0 9 . ) : P r a k t i k u m i z f i z i o l o g i j e b i l j a . P o l j o p r i v r e d n i f a k u l t e t u O s i j e k u , o n - l i n e p r i r u
n i k :
S e i n h o r s t , J . W . ( 1 9 5 6 ) : T h e q u a n t i t a t i v e e x t r a c t i o n o f n e m a t o d e f r o m s o i l . N e m a t o l o g i c a 3 .
T e a s d a l e J . R . , R a d h a k r i s h n a n J . ( 2 0 0 2 ) : A c e t i c a c i d ( v i n e g a r ) f o r w e e d c o n t r o l r e v i s i t e d , I n t e g r a t e d C r o p M a n a g e m e n t B e l t s v i l l e , M a r y l a n d , a t t h e U S D A H Y P E R L I N K " h t t p : / / w w w . b a r c . u s d a . g o v / a n r i / s a s l / v i n e g a r . h t m l "
W e b b e r H Y P E R L I N K " h t t p : / / w w w . a r s . u s d a . g o v / p a n d p / p e o p l e / p e o p l e . h t m ? p e r s o n i d = 5 9 6 0 " C . ( 2 0 0 6 ) : V i n e g a r a s a b u r n - d o w n h e r b i c i d e : A c e t i c a c i d c o n c e n t r a t i o n s , a p p l i c a t i o n v o l u m e s , a n d a d j u v a n t s , O k l a h o m a A g r i c u l t u r e E x p e r i m e n t S t a t i o n D e p a r t m e n t a l P u b l i c a t i o n ,
S u m m a r y
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I n t h i s e x p e r i m e n t w e i n v e s t i g a t e t h e i n f l u e n c e o f o r g a n i c a c i d s ( a c e t i c a n d c i t r i c a c i d ) w i t h h e r b i c i d e e f f e c t o n w e e d f l o r a p r e s e n t i n t h e b l a c k b e r r y o r c h a r d . T h e e x p e r i m e n t w a s s e t u p o n 1 6 . 0 4 . 2 0 1 0 . a t t h e b l a c k b e r r y o r c h a r d ( c v . T h o r n f r e e ) , a g e d 4 y e a r s , u r e v a c , l o c a l i t y " V e l i k i k o s t a n j . T r e a t m e n t s i n t h e e x p e r i m e n t w e r e a s f o l l o w s ; c o n t r o l ( T 1 ) - h e r b i c i d e b a s e d o n g l y p h o s a t e a t a c o n c e n t r a t i o n 1 . 5 % , t r e a t m e n t ( T 2 ) - a c e t i c a c i d c o n c e n t r a t i o n o f 2 5 % t r e a t m e n t , ( T 3 ) - a c e t i c a c i d c o n c e n t r a t i o n 1 5 % , t r e a t m e n t ( T 4 ) - c o m b i n a t i o n o f a c e t i c a n d c i t r i c a c i d ( 2 5 % ) , t r e a t m e n t ( T 5 ) - c o m b i n a t i o n o f a c e t i c a n d c i t r i c a c i d ( 1 5 % ) . F o r a l l t r e a t m e n t s ( T 1 - T 5 ) w a s f o u n d 1 0 0 % e f f i c i e n c y o f u s e d p r e p a r a t i o n s d u r i n g 1 0 d a y s f r o m s t a r t o f t r e a t m e n t . R e g e n e r a t i o n o f d a m a g e d p l a n t s w a s a f t e r 2 0 d a y s i s s i g n i f i c a n t l y h i g h e r i n t r e a t m e n t s w i t h o r g a n i c a c i d s ( T 3 ) c o m p a r e d t o t r e a t m e n t w i t h g l y p h o s a t e . R e t r o v e g e t a t i o n t o t a l n u m b e r o f n e w g r o w n p l a n t s a f t e r 2 8 d a y s w a s s i g n i f i c a n t l y l o w e r i n t r e a t m e n t s w i t h o r g a n i c a c i d s ( T 2 , T 4 a n d T 5 ) i n r e l a t i o n t o g l y p h o s a t e t r e a t m e n t . G l y p h o s a t e t r e a t m e n t ( T 1 ) h a d a n e g a t i v e i m p a c t o n b i o d i v e r s i t y , e x p r e s s e d t h r o u g h t h e a d v e r s e e f f e c t o n t h e t o t a l n u m b e r n e m a t o d a i n s o i l , c o m p a r e d t o t r e a t m e n t s w i t h o r g a n i c a c i d s ( T 2 - T 5 ) .
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