Naslov
Calypso electronic ticketing technology: The contactless standard for a modern transport

Autori
Barić, Danijela ; Gambetta, Ralph ; Novačko, Luka

Izvornik
Mehanika. Transport. Komunikacii (1312-3823) 9 (2011), 3; 77-83

Vrsta, podvrsta i kategorija rada
Radovi u časopisima, članak, znanstveni

Ključne riječi
eTicketing ; Calypso technology ; transportation

Sažetak
Every day most of the urban and suburban population use public transport. Until recently, passengers were anonymous but now they have become customers and require a seamless access to transport. Therefore related services should simplify their daily life while fostering their loyalty and maximizing their relationship with the transport network. Transport operators have the dual challenge, to improve service quality and maximize their income. Transport operators also have to improve corporate management by avoiding fare evasion and by adapting the supply to the demand. The new system of electronic ticketing is now playing a major role throughout the whole transport system. For this reason the electronic ticketing system must be secure and reliable. One of the electronic ticketing standard is Calypso standard. It is the electronic ticketing standard which defines the secured dialogue between cards and terminal and it is designed by transport operators for transport operators to meet their challenges. Calypso standard was developed by a group of European partners from the cities of Brussels in Belgium, Lisbon in Portugal, Konstanz in Germany, Paris in France and Venice in Italy. After a 10 years development program, succeeded in creating the smartcard contactless technology adapted to the public transportation uses some functional choices have been taken into account to answer the transit operators' needs, as contactless technology, fast, safe transaction (decentralised security), communication within the transaction time, flexible transport application to build system step-by-step, targeted products to address all users and new services, upgradable and respect for current standards, microprocessor - contact and contactless interface or contactless interface only, in accordance to ISO 14443, ISO 7816-1, 2, 3, 4 and CEN 1545 standards. It offers the best solution, suited to all transport needs: open, widespread, secure and proven. In the choice of technology, the card is the key component of an electronic ticketing system, because the card determines the system performance and the global security level. That is why calypso has focussed on card specifications like multisource, security, common interface for a range of cards, providing all passengers with a contactless solution, open platform for other services, the respect of privacy, reliability. After using paper tickets, then magnetic technology, the 3rd generation widely developed nowadays is based on smart cards using contactless technology. Electronic ticketing uses a smart card type support, with an interface which is either, as required, with contact or contactless. Contactless technology is based on inductive transmission, which is used in the transmission between a smart card and a terminal. The smart card holds and processes information, the terminal (validators, vending machines, etc.) reads or modifies this information. The use of a microprocessor allows for a high level of communication and security. Based on tight card specifications and standards the Calypso card- terminal transaction is: fast, easy and secure (encoding that maximises transaction speed without limiting data exchange), standardised and future proof (use of microprocessor cards compliant with standards), interoperable (being able to manage cards from various networks, relying on calypso specifications), multi- application (according to needs, a transit cards with an electronic purse, access to car parks, entrances to museums, sports events, conventions, access to tourist facilities, etc.). Technical standard of Calypso contactless smart ticketing technology offers a time proven and operational interoperability at all requires interoperability levels: a common technical platform, a same ticketing application and a common fare management. Calypso technology is a set of technical specifications describing a fast and secure contactless transaction between a terminal and a portable device. A Calypso portable device was historically a microprocessor smart card, but, as technology moves on, it could now be one of the following devices: traditional contactless smart cards, JAVA contactless cards, NFC mobile phones, USB key with a contactless communication interface (smart key), and any other contactless customer media. Calypso technology is used in more than 80 cities in 21 countries, and around 300, 000 terminals and 70 million microprocessor contactless cards have been issued from the beginning. The biggest intermodal networks as well as numerous cities have integrated all or part of Calypso into their transit system (paris, Lisbon, Mexico City, Brussels, Milan, Avignonvenice, Glasgow, Maastricht and others). To carry out theses missions, the Calypso founders and users established Calypso Networks Association, a non for profit organisation by European research program with objective to maintain a set of specifications addressing transit business needs in the context of developing contactless systems. The main tasks of Calypso Networks Association are to establish long lasting relations with all the partners using the Calypso specifications, define and direct the reference specifications, implement a certification policy, to guarantee the compatibility of all current and future products, establish a Calypso label issued by an independent organisation, promote Calypso to operators and manufactures to yield its distribution, contribute to the international standardisation process, facilitate and harmonise the shared members' needs and experiences, encourage all actions of mutual assistance in the implementation of Calypso e- ticketing systems. The paper presents Calypso electronic ticketing technology as a contactless standard for a modern transport

Izvorni jezik
Engleski

Znanstvena područja
Tehnologija prometa i transport

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