Naslov
Trinucleotide’s quadruplet symmetries and natural symmetry law of DNA creation ensuing Chargaff’s second parity rule

Autori
Rosandić, Marija ; Vlahović, Ines ; Glunčić, Matko ; Paar, Vladimir

Izvornik
Journal of biomolecular structure & dynamics (0739-1102) 34 (2016), 7; 1383-1394

Vrsta, podvrsta i kategorija rada
Radovi u časopisima, članak, znanstveni

Ključne riječi
Chargaff′s second parity rule ; human genome ; Neanderthal genome ; DNA symmetries ; trinucleotide frequencies ; quadruplets of trinucleotides

Sažetak
For almost 50 years for problem why frequencies A=T and C=G or direct = reverse complement trinucleotides in the same strand of DNA, known as Chargaff’s second parity rule (CSPR), definitive explanation has not been determined. Here we relate CSPR to the interstrand mirror symmetry in 20 symbolic quadruplets of trinucleotides (direct, reverse complement, complement and reverse) mapped to double stranded genome. The symmetries of Q-box corresponding to quadruplets can be obtained as a consequence of Watson-Crick base pairing and CSPR together. Alternatively, assuming Natural symmetry law for DNA creation that each trinucleotide in one strand of DNA must simultaneously appear also in the opposite strand automatically leads to Q-box direct- reverse mirror symmetry which in conjunction with Watson-Crick base pairing generates CSPR. We demonstrate quadruplet’s symmetries in chromosomes of wide range of organisms, from E.coli to Neanderthal and human genomes, introducing novel quadruplet- frequency histograms and 3D-diagrams with combined interstrand frequencies. These “landscapes” are mutually similar in all mammals, including extinct Neanderthals, and somewhat different in most of older species. In human chromosomes 1- 12, and X, Y the “landscapes” are almost identical and slightly different in the remaining smaller and telocentric chromosomes. Quadruplet frequencies could provide a new robust tool for characterization and classification of genomes and their evolutionary trajectories.

Izvorni jezik
Engleski

Znanstvena područja
Fizika, Biologija

POVEZANOST RADA