Naslov
Basic molecular mechanisms behind state-of-the-art breast cancer precision medicine

Autori
Šamija, Ivan

Vrsta, podvrsta i kategorija rada
Sažeci sa skupova, sažetak, stručni

Izvornik
SIS European Congress on Breast Diseases Book of abstracts with final program / Drinković, Ivan - Zagreb : Croatian Senologic Society, 2015

Skup
SIS European Congress on Breast Diseases

Mjesto i datum
Opatija, Hrvatska, 22.10.2015. - 25.10.2015

Vrsta sudjelovanja
Pozvano predavanje

Vrsta recenzije
Međunarodna recenzija

Ključne riječi
breast cancer; hormonal therapy resistance; immunotherapy; precision medicine

Sažetak
Breast cancer is an example of many ways in which precision medicine has profoundly changed the way we treat cancer patients. Currently there are many drugs available for routine treatment of patients with breast cancer with mechanism of action based on understanding basic molecular mechanisms of breast cancer development (trastuzumab, pertuzumab, ado-trastuzumab emtansine, lapatinib, palbociclib, everolimus). However, there are still several areas of great need for new precision medicine approaches that would improve currently poor prospects for several groups of patients with breast cancer. One of the major obstacles to more efficient cancer treatments is acquired resistance of cancer to particular drugs. Understanding molecular mechanisms of resistance to hormonal therapy, like hyperactivation of PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway or dysregulation of cell cycle control, enabled development of new drugs (eg. palbociclib, everolimus) for these patients. There are also new therapeutics in development that were developed based on our understanding of trastuzumab-resistance mechanisms (eg. Hsp90 inhibitors). Breast cancer patients with currently worst outcomes are patients with triple-negative breast cancer. There is hope that more precise genetic and molecular understanding of that heterogeneous group of breast cancers will enable development of new precision medicine approaches that would benefit patients with triple-negative breast cancer. These patients might benefit also from immunotherapy. The latest results indicate that new targeted immunotherapeutic approaches (eg. drugs ipilimumab, nivolumab, tremelimumab) that had already became routine part of melanoma and lung cancer treatment, may hold a promise also for at least some patients with breast cancer. It was shown that immune mechanisms are involved in therapeutic activity of several drugs routinely used in breast cancer patients, like chemotherapy drugs and trastuzumab. Although still in the early clinical development, immunotherapy drugs that directly target activation of immune response (eg. pembrolizumab), have shown promising preliminary results in patients with breast cancer.

Izvorni jezik
Engleski

Znanstvena područja
Biologija, Temeljne medicinske znanosti, Kliničke medicinske znanosti

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