Naslov
The Zadar Archdiocese in the Context of the Territorial and Political Changes After World War I

Autori
Magaš, Damir

Izvornik
9th Meeting of European Geographers of Religion: International Colloquia on the Changing Religious Landscape of Europe DEVELOPMENT AND TRANSFORMATION OF RELIGIOUS LANDSCAPE IN THE NEW EUROPEAN CONTEXT, Zadar, 2015.

Vrsta, podvrsta
Ostale vrste radova, ostalo

Godina
2015

Ključne riječi
The Zadar Archdiocese; Zadar Church; Zadar Metropolitanate

Sažetak
The consequences of the Great War 1914-1918 in the area of the Adriatic Croatia reflected mainly in significant territorial changes, as a result of the prominent geopolitical changes. They manifested both in secular and ecclesiastical level, as well as in macro- regional (state), sub-regional and micro- regional levels. The collapse of the Austro- Hungarian Empire and the expansion of the Serbian Crown in large area of southern Slavic nations, brought significant changes. Especially important was designing the border of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes to the Kingdom of Italy, which resulted in division Archdiocese of Zadar territory: its centre of Zadar was left to Italy, and most space was given to the Kingdom of SCS (Peace Treaty of Rapallo, December 2, 1920). So, its functioning as a metropolitan centre, as well as the centre of the Archdiocese was significantly modified. New geopolitical circumstances asked for adjusted solutions from the side of Holy See. The first changes were introduced in 1922 when the archbishoprics rule in Zadar was limited to only five urban and suburban parishes, and all the rest of the 98 parishes were organised as apostolic administration territory with special bishop administrator. It could not act in real life, due to the state border and after ten years (August 22, 1932) the ecclesiastical Province (founded on June 30, 1828, when the rule of the metropolitan seat in Zadar with tradition since the 12th century extended to the entire former Dalmatian area with the exception of the earlier belonging dioceses in Krk, Rab and Osor) was abolished. Also, the new territorial scope of the Archdiocese of Zadar (including Cres, Lošinj and Lastovo islands areas) was determined as well as the space of apostolic administration for all the part of the former archdiocese inside the borders of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. Attempts to arrange an agreement - concordat between the Holy See and the Kingdom of Yugoslavia failed (1935). In the Second World War Zadar suffered the most serious damage, but the church authorities survived in the city ruins. The capitulation of the Kingdom of Italy in 1943 enabled the formal annexation of most of the old area of the pre- Rapallo Archdiocese to Independent State of Croatia, except Zadar, in which the German rule was introduced, until the prevail of Tito’s forces which dominated de facto the entire territory by the end of November 1944. Zadar was formally returned to his homeland of Croatia, or FPR Yugoslavia by Paris Peace Treaty, February, 10. 1947. The whole area of the archdiocese was found again in one country which allowed the realisation of ecclesiastical territorial restoration of the former archdiocese in pre-Rapallo borders (March 1, 1948). Zadar metropolises, however, was not renewed. The political constellation in communist Yugoslavia that preferred the growth and strengthening of Split, slow reconstruction in Zadar and other factors, led to the improvement of the Split-Makarska Diocese in the Archdiocese and ecclesiastical province with the suffragan dioceses from Šibenik to Kotor (July 27, 1969), on southeast. Zadar Church kept the status of the Archdiocese and remained unique due to the facts that it is self-standing, not belonging to any Province, including no suffragans. During half a century, many physical changes, developmental delay and isolation took place, reflecting in the spatial physiognomy, including the religious landscape, too. In the northwest neighbourhood, the various changes happened, due the establishment of the Rijeka Diocese (1925) as well as after raise of the Rijeka-Senj Diocese in the level of archdiocese and province (1969), when the former dioceses of Senj and Modruš were abolished. The area of former Osor Diocese (from 1920 under the jurisdiction, and later being the part of the Archdiocese of Zadar), was returned at the end of 1948 under the administration, and in 1963 was re-joined, to the Krk Diocese. Last change is related to the division of Rijeka-Senj Archdiocese to Rijeka Archdiocese and Gospić-Senj Diocese (May 25, 2000). In other parts of the Republic of Croatia, innovations were created by establishing four new dioceses: Varaždin and Požega (1997), Sisak and Bjelovar-Križevci (2009), as well as the new Metropolitan see of Đakovo and Osijek with the Đakovo-Osijek Archdiocese and the Dioceses of Požega and Srijem (2008). In the new territorial constellation with existence of four ecclesiastical provinces and an autonomous Archdiocese of Zadar, the question of a possible re-improving the status of Zadar church towards an ecclesiastical province, remains open until further.

Izvorni jezik
Engleski

Znanstvena područja
Geografija

Napomena
Pages: 8-9

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