Naslov
Architecture and Urban Development of the City of Split in the Interwar Period in the Light of National and Social Turmoils

Autori
Stipan, Davor

Vrsta, podvrsta i kategorija rada
Radovi u zbornicima skupova, cjeloviti rad (in extenso), znanstveni

Izvornik
Reconstructions and Modernizations of Historic Towns in Europe in the First Half of the Twentieth Century / Baranska, Iwona ; Gorzynski, Makary - Kalisz : Kalisz Society of Friends of Sciences, 2016, 436-457

ISBN
978-83-62689-49-1

Skup
(Re)creating Historical Towns and Cities: Nation, politics, Society in post 1914 Urban Restorations

Mjesto i datum
Kalisz, Poljska, 16.04.2015. - 17.04.2015

Vrsta sudjelovanja
Predavanje

Vrsta recenzije
Međunarodna recenzija

Ključne riječi
Split ; architecture ; urbanization ; interwar period
(Split ; arhitektura ; urbanizam ; međuratno razdoblje)

Sažetak
Upon completion of the World War I and the defeat of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy, Split and Dalmatia became part of the Kigdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes. The war had exhausted an already impoverished Dalmatia and brought its population to the edge of endurance. Different political formations, ideological subdivision of public opinion as well as the wartime, certainly did not guarantee civil peace and economic prosperity. In this way, they did not provide any fertile ground for artistic creativity and expression. However, this brief period in the history of the city is determined by a numerous architectural projects and urban planning. Between the two world wars Split had experienced a sudden and rapid development and has become the new administrative center of Dalmatia. All this reflects to the demographic and urban growth, which passes the area of historic center and the old folk suburbs, spreading into the surrounding rural areas. Therefore, architectural and urban activity plays an important role in the spatial expansion of the city which then receives the initial contours of the settlement that is modified on its way to the functionally and topographically modern urban enviroment. It is also a period of sharp national and class struggle for political and social rights of the people led by Communist Party. The begining of World War II occured in Split by Italian aerial bombing at 1941. This was followed by the collapse of the old Yugoslavia and fascist occupation. At the turn of the 19th into the 20th century, construction building mainly ranged from neo-styles spread throughout Europe. Until World War I, it was being built in the neo-styles in Split and these were the most prominent public buildings, whose completed projects came mostly from the technical department of the Ministry in Vienna. Until World War I Split consisted of clearly separated historic centre and popular boroughs around it. Later, the negative impact of the war situation was evident in all areas, economic, social and culural. The war also causes excessive hunger of the population and stops every urban and architectural activity. The first decade after World War I was a time that put original and serious tasks crucial to the new development of Split in front of the constructors. After World War I ended, Zadar was annexed to Italy, Split became the new administrative, economic and cultural centre of Dalmatia. Development of Split in the interwar period was a consequence of the development guidelines already noticeable during the 19th and early 20th century. Converting to an official administrative centre gave an extra stimulus to this development. The economy was on arousal, the population grew and its area increased in the direction of the fields around the city. Adoption of the Regulatory Plan, rail connections with the interior of the state, construction of the north port, reconstruction of waterworks had great importance for futher developmentof the city. The paper analyzes the architectural engagement in Split between the two world wars, which is, in spite of unfavorable social and political conditions as well as war consequences, intense and constant and as a result largely determines the current appearance of the city.

Izvorni jezik
Engleski

Znanstvena područja
Arhitektura i urbanizam, Povijest, Povijest umjetnosti

Napomena
Izvornik rada je napisan na engleskom jeziku te je dostupan na web pregledniku (https://historictownsmodernizations2016.wordpress.com/about/), dok je u tiskanom izdanju zbornika preveden na poljski jezik.

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