Naslov
Violation of unitarity by Hawking radiation does not violate energy-momentum conservation

Autori
Nikolić, Hrvoje

Izvornik
Journal of cosmology and astroparticle physics (1475-7516) 2015 (2015), 4; 002, 18

Vrsta, podvrsta i kategorija rada
Radovi u časopisima, članak, znanstveni

Ključne riječi
unitarity ; Hawking radiation ; energy-momentum conservation ; degeneracy ; Lindblad equation

Sažetak
An argument by Banks, Susskind and Peskin (BSP), according to which violation of unitarity would violate either locality or energy- momentum conservation, is widely believed to be a strong argument against non-unitarity of Hawking radiation. We find that the whole BSP argument rests on the crucial assumption that the Hamiltonian is not highly degenerate, and point out that this assumption is not satisfied for systems with many degrees of freedom. Using Lindblad equation, we show that high degeneracy of the Hamiltonian allows local non-unitary evolution without violating energy-momentum conservation. Moreover, since energy-momentum is the source of gravity, we argue that energy-momentum is necessarily conserved for a large class of non-unitary systems with gravity. Finally, we explicitly calculate the Lindblad operators for non-unitary Hawking radiation and show that they conserve energy-momentum.

Izvorni jezik
Engleski

Znanstvena područja
Fizika

POVEZANOST RADA