ࡱ> SUPQR'`^bjbjLULU ..?.?%d Z.Z.Z.8.1l142"V2V2V2131313prrrrrr$hTJ1313JJV2V2GkkkJV2V2pkJpkkPV21 n Z.iePd ]0f6?g?,? 13O;kAE131313h131313JJJJdZ.Z. FOREWORD Korkyra Exotica In other words,  Distinct Kor ula , is my fond, baby-like babbling to the island situated in the Adriatic. On that very same island is a little dot on the globe, where I was born, called Vela Luka. Oh, the amount of pride I derive from the fact it is my place of birth! It is unfathomable just how much bliss my soul invokes whenever a single picture, a written word or a spoken one, gives rise to the vision of my native place, especially its western part, the one that clearly reveales its specificity. Although, the gratest excitement for me is when I, myself, ''...see the azure sea and green pines '', when I feel the direct contact with Kor ula, when I am in the tangible contact with her, and all that because of the desire to achieve the state of primeval love between Nature and Man, what I feel for my native place. That very symbiosis has determined my consciousness for all times, in a way that every native place connects with its offspring. Am I able, so in love with my island, be objective when describing the beauties and allure of Kor ula, especially to a person coming from a different native place, a completely different natural ambient? Dont the beautiful photographs from this monography speak enough about it? Some might say that all this is just an eulogy, like every other promotional description and display. However, I overwhelningly want to add my vision, as I stated earlier, of Distinct Kor ula, because I think it is paramount for foreigners and tourists to know where to go when they wanto to visit an exotic place on the Mediteranean (and wider), by a jacht ot a car, not only in the summer time. What is the Distinct Kor ula or Korkyra Exotica? What does she offer that is different from other offes out there? There are several features: The island Kor ula is an absolutely distinct climatic oasis of the entire Adriatic archipelago. This is conditioned with the unique climatic phenomenon around the islands Suaac and Palagru~a that gives rise to the desert-like dry summers. Also, all the while it snows, there is frost, or rains all around Kor ula, there is none of it on the island. Just because of these conditions, the vegetation has adapted and is lush and exceptional (Corcyra Nigra). The island Kor ula is exposed to the high seas of the Adriatic along its entire length, absorbing all the effects of the open seas. Its shores are thus frequently under turbulent conditions, but the ports and many bays offer the salvation to every Odyssey. Once one finally finds himself or herself on the island of sorceress Circe, the newcomer starts uncover the spells cast. First of all, because of the beforementioned climate and the special type of soil, a most wonderous species of olive trees thrives here, the most peculiar olive-tree sorts of the entire Mediterranean: Lastovka, Drobnica and Orgula. Lastovka and Drobnica, because of the barren soil present, produce oils used to obtain the most delicious olive oil in the World. Kor ula is a wine-rich region that has several World-class sorts of the white wine: Grk, Poaip, Rukatac. However, well-known red wines are also recently produced here, Pagadebit and Babi, with grape vines kept in the numerous enclosed areas (terraces), which stretch even today like spider web all over the surrounding hills, but have owergrown with bushes with time. These desolate drywalls remain as reminiscences of Kor ula s labourers, who have, in the last two hundred years, built a World miracle of drywall construction, with their bare hands. Nowadays, ancient, donkey side roads, owergrown and mostly impassable lead to them. From myriad ancient houses scattered over the vineyards, only the ruins remain. The inhabitants of the island Kor ula still have some illyric and antic dishes on their menus. They eat raw sea urchins, raw limpets (lumpar), as well as various vegetarian dishes fried on oil, especially the specialty made of cabbage (raatika), as well as the dishes dating from the times of scarcity, etc. I will not omit around a hundred local customs that take place during the entire time of the year (ritualistic burnings, burnings of incense, regattas...). Lastly, after all the mentioned particularities, all I am left to say is: Kor ula is a female name, which is quite a rarity among the islands of the Adriatic and she is surrounded by such handsome lads as: Hvar, Vis, Lastovo, Suac, Mljet. All of this is certainly not without a good reason! }uvela Branko - Doda AN INTRODUCTORY NOTE ON KOR ULA How to begin the story of such an unusual and beautiful island, one that bears a feminine name and a unique landscape? Kor ula extends in parallel with the Croatian coastline, 46.8 kilometres in length and from 5.3 to 7.8 kilometres in width. According to size (276 square kilometres), it is the 6th biggest island of the Adriatic. Its southern coast courts the horizons of the open seas; its north-eastern side craves for the peninsula Peljeac. They are divided by a channel, twenty kilometres long and 1270 metres wide at its narrowest point. Kor ula is adorned by various coastal reliefs, 182 kilometres in circumference, as well as cliffs and islets additional 54 kilometres in circumverence. On the northern shores exist sparse bays, which are shielded from the southern and eastern winds. The southern waterfront is more indented and steeper, at times some thirty metres high and thus protect the fertile fields from winds that carry the sea water (posolica). The southern coastline is also adorned with the pearly islets and cliffs. The most shielded island bay is the bay of Vela Luka. The relief is dominated with calcareous massifs that are from 300 to 550 metres of height above sea level. Most of the Kor ula is owergrown with Aleppo pine. The remains of the indigenous, ever-green forests of bearberry, edelweiss and macchia are sporadic and located in the areas without cultivated plantations of grape wine, olive trees and citrus. The island was inhabited since pre-historic times, with the traces of ancient civilizations found in the western, eastern and north-eastern parts of the island. From an archeological point of view, Vela Spila, the neolitic archeological site overlooking Vela Luka is the most important one. In the 6th century BC, the island was colonized by Greeks, who called it Corcyra Melaina. In the 1st century AD, the Romans arrived. In the 7th century Slavs spread out to Kor ula. After the rule of the Venetian Republic and the Napoleon, the English took over and then ultimately the Ausro-Hungarian Empire that rooled Kor ula by the end of the 1st World war. TRANSPORTATION CONNECTIONS OF THE KOR ULA ISLAND Kor ula has been an important maritime hub since the antiquity. The corridor that links it to Italy: Vela Luka - Lastovo - Gargano, is approximately seventy nautical miles long. Through north, Kor ula used to be connected via Viganj, situated on the island Peljeaac. The sentries on Pupnat were notified with the use of signal fires that there were travellers awaiting the transportation boat. RELIGION, ISLAND CHURCHES, CHAPELS Religion was basis for the organisation of cultural life and bonding of the island populace. Kor ula has 137 recorded sanctuaries. These are valuable tourist resources. Until year 1185, there were no recorded data regarding the history of sacral buildings already built, while from 1338 onward, there exists an ample written material. CITY KOR ULA AND THE SIGHTS The town of Kor ula is unusual, because its pattern of intersecting streets resembles a fishbone. It is a medieval model for building settlements, suited to the hot summers and the geomorphological characteristics of the soil. The city is divided into two parts; the dividing line is a central street that widens into a town square that, in turn, sits in front of a cathedral. Only 8 towers remain, from 12 former ones. The towns historic centre is a protected heritage site. In the year 1904, the first public swimming beach was put in order and about ten years after that the first multilingual tourist leaflet was printed in the Wienna. Special tourist attractions are the thematic carnivals, held from the middle of January, to the Ash Wednesday, at the end of February. The participants clothe in accordance with the present events, also, children masquerades are held. THE HOUSE OF MARKO POLO The Legend of Marko Polo is a touristic curiosity of the town of Kor ula. Thus, in the year 1995, Kor ula was the starting point for the international expedition of the European youth, named In the wake of Marko Polo. The legend of Marko Polo was inspired with the historic naval battle which was fought in the year 1298, in the vicinity of the city. Back then, the fleets of Venice and Genova clashed. Marko Polo was captured during the fight. The House of Marko Polo, situated in the centre of the Kor ula s old city is now a museum. The panorama of the Peljeaac channel, a view visible from the window of this aged house will enthrall every single chance traveller. The Legend of Marko Polo attracts more and more tourists and numerous celebrities. As late as the seventies of the 20th century, the Summer philosophical school was organised in Kor ula and gathered numerous philosophers from all over the World. Marilyn Sharp, the American author, also stayed here at this very time. Inspired by the climate of intellectual discussions, in the eighties she published the novel Master stroke. The scenes of the novel mostly take place in Kor ula. Through this literary creation, the legend of Marko Polo became a part of world literature. Every year the manifestation Return to the age of Marko Polo takes place. Then, tourists are offered authentic dishes from ancient times, concerts and various art manifestations and events are held. Also, the international Marko Polo Fest, founded by a contemporary enthusiast, Ivan egedin, is held every summer, since 1996. ST. MARKS CATHEDRAL Three-aisled, triple-apse basilica with an elevated middle section is the most valuable heritage monument of Kor ula. Its high bell tower characterizes the centre of the old city. The most beautiful external and internal decorations were carved in the second half of the 15th century by a local architect, Marko Andriji. The chosen Kor ula s builders left their individual marks during the 150 years it took to complete the basilica. Next to the cathedral is the town hall, The abbey threasury (Opatska riznica) and the City museum. The abbey threasury contains valuable exhibits, displayed in seven grand halls. Most valuable are illuminated manuscripts dating from the 12th century, gold-embroidered attire, gold, silver and porcelain items, medieval ceramics, numismatic rarities, as well as the valuable household furniture dating from the various islands historical periods. MOREKA Mediterranean Romantic dance dating from the 12th century, transferred from Spain in the year 1571. Nowadays, Moreka is a part of cultural tradition. The dance is performed by two groups of people, each called morekant white ones, dressed in red clothes and black ones, wearing black. The fighters are led by the kings (kraljevi), who fight over Bula, the fiance of the white king (bijeli kralj), which was abducted by the black kings (crni kralj) son - Moro. In the introductory part, Bula rejects Moro, after which follows sfida the challenge and Moros dance, as well as the sword conflict. The seven scenes kolaps are accompanied by a woodwind orchestra. The dancing tempo and the clash of swords intensifies as the dance progresses. The white side, a symbol of good, always prevails and returns Bula to the white king. Every family from Kor ula has at least one active dancer - moreakant, and the children learn the steps since elementary school. On the stage, the dancers quite vigorously hit with the swords, therefore much strength and agility is needed in order to avoid injuries. DOMINICAN MONASTERY AND THE CHURCH OF ST. NICHOLAS In the year 1420, the local assembly of noblemen, Kor ulansko vijee plemia, authorised the construction of a monastery on the cape of St. Nicholas (Rt Svetog Nikole). During the Turkish siege of Kor ula, in the 1571, the monastery was burned. During the reconstruction, in the year 1657, the north part of the building was added. The monastery has a picture of The martyrdom of St. Peter, (Mu eniatvo Svetog Petra), on display, a copy of the burned Tizian s painting from Venice. The people of Kor ula have, in the begining of the 18th century, financed the procurement of church organs trough donations. The monastery was sacked in 1808 and the English handed it back to the Dominicans in 1831. In 1927 the bells were added and their chime marks tumultuous historical events ever since. THE CHURCH OF ST. ANTUN From the centre of Kor ula, at about half an hour of walking distance is the Glavica of St. Antun, a hill with a lookout point. One hundred and two steps lead to the apex of the hill, trough an alley of cypress trees that were planted in 1708. In the 14th century, the church of St. Antun the Hermit (Sv. Antuna Pustinjaka) was built on the hill. It was renovated at the end of the 17th century, with a baroque portal and windows. It is a protected heritage monument, dedicated to St. Antun of Padova (Sv. Antun Padovanski). These historical events, trough recollection, come to life each year on the 13th of June, the holiday of St. Antun. LUMBARDA A municipality with more than a 1000 people, located on the north-eastern part of the island, 6 kilometres away from the town Kor ula. Lumbarda is adorned with two sand coves. Among the traditional agriculture, fishing and lapidary, tourism is quite developed nowadays. The first inhabitants of Lumbarda were the Illyrians, who settled during the Bronze and Iron Ages. The Greek settlement was founded in the beginning of the 3rd century. After the campaign of Emperor Octavian, in the year 35 AD, Romans broke into the area. From that period are the remains of Villa rustica, located in the field, in the north-east of the present-day settlement, as well as the remains of the thermal system with the corresponding barrow in the regions Koludrt and Sutivan. In the nearby islands, Sutvari, Vrnik and Kamenjak are ancient Roman quarries. The continuing colonization of Lumbarda starts during the Venetian Republics rule of Dalmatia, after the year 1420. In the 15th century, citadels (katel) were built, which had a defensive function. The oldest preserved, situated in the bay Bili ~al, belongs to the diocese and was built in the 15th century. Preserved are also Cankin and Nobilo kaatel, above the Tatinja bay, kaatel Milina and Kraini, as well as the tower located in Velo Poje. Sacral objects are also being built at these very times. On the hill, in the central part of the old settlement, on Vela glavica, is a three-aisled parish church of St. Roko. There are several smaller chapels in the town: St. Bartul, St. Peter, and Mala Gospa. The chapel of St. Cross (Sv. Kri~), situated in the field and surrounded with vineyards, was built in 1774, on the remains of an ancient building. In the 17th and 18th century, Lumbarda became the rural destination for Kor ula s bishops and noblemen. The villa of Manola, bishop of the town of Split, built in 1655 on Mala Glavica, is in the possession of the Markovina family. A rich cultural and historical heritage, folk customs, the unusual landscape and the renowned wine Grk all make Lumbarda quite extraordinary. }RNOVO }rnovo, the settlement that has around a thousand inhabitants is first mentioned in the early medieval times. Although about only 4 kilometres away from the town of Kor ula, this settlement has an aura of a place completely out of time. The settlement is dominated by the parish church of St. Martin (14th century), built on the rocky slope, somewhat hidden by the crowns of the hundred-year-old pines. }rnovo is made up of the following hamlets: Prvo Selo, Kampua, Postrana and Brdo. Along the old rock houses, with porches and paved courtyards, there still exist low sheds built into the dry wall. Among the historic remains in Postrana, there is a preserved citadel of the Bani evi family. The facade contains their coat of arms and an inscription in Latin, written about the most prominent member of the family, Jakov Bani evi, a well-known European humanist from the 16th century. On the slope of the hill is the church of St. Roko. In front of the church are a square and the hundred-year-old trees - Koatili. This square is the place where the sword game Moatra is traditionally held. Outside of the settlement are the cemetery and the church of St. Vid, dating from the 13th century. }rnovo is the birth place of several of Kor ula s artists, sculptor Radoslav Duhovi, graphic artist Nikola Skokandi, as well as the painters Ante Radovanovi, Frane Cebal and Abel Br i. Author and academician Petar `egedin is also from }rnovo. The inhabitants used to primarily deal with viticulture, olive-growing, vegetable-growing and lapidary. Nowadays they are mostly employed in construction industry, with an increasingly developing tourism. The rows of beautiful tourist apartments are built in the bays  HYPERLINK "http://www.ikorculainfo.com/hr/zrnovska-banja/" }rnovska Banja, Medvidnjak, and Vrbovica. Several cultural and artistic societies also operate in }rnovo; Mianice and Bratska sloga and are the reason behind settlement s vibrant life during the winters as well. RA I`E Ra iae is built in the bay of the same name, in the northern coastline of the island Kor ula.  HYPERLINK "http://www.ikorculainfo.com/hr/" It is connected to the main island road via a local street that leads to the town of Kor ula. The street 12 kilometres long winds alongside the coastline, trough the beautiful bays of: Medvidnjak,  HYPERLINK "http://www.ikorculainfo.com/hr/zrnovska-banja/" Banja, Vrbovica and Kne~e. The sea below the road is courted by beautiful, natural beaches. Tourist accommodation in this area is primarily consisted of ordered auto camps, as well as rows of modern family apartments and villas. In the ancient fishing settlement of Kne~a, remains of a valuable Roman mosaic were found and in Banja, peculiar remains of ancient Roman buildings were found. Nowadays, some six hundred inhabitants live in Ra iae. Written sources indicate that the settlement was built in the 17th century, in the time when refugees from Hercegovina and littoral Makarska area sought refuge from the Turkish hordes. The local populace used to deal with fishing, cattle breeding and agriculture. Nowadays, tourism has developed. However, Ra iae has and always will be the settlement of mariners, because  one has to sail, for one has to live. Hibernating during the winter, in the summer the tourists bring Ra iae to life. Before the settlement, scattered in the azure of the Peljeaac channel are islets, approachable during the tourist season via daily excursions. Although Ra iae is in the outskirts of the town of Kor ula, in the summer it offers tourists peace, quiet and solitude, all the terms long forgotten in the typical tourist settlements of Dalmatia. Of all the monument heritage sites in Ra iae, one should definitely pay a visit to the Church of Madonna (Crkva Bogorodice), built in the year 1682. The more recent parish church of St. Nicholas was built at the end of the 19th century. Regardless of the increasing tourist visits to Ra iae, this settlement still offers privacy in the peak of the tourist season. It still remains as one of the undiscovered tourist pearls of Kor ula. PUPNAT It is one of the oldest five island settlements, built on the edge of a plateau. It is connected via roads to }rnova and Kne~a, hubs of an ancient sea-borne route to Peljeaac. The routes along the Klupca massif, made in the antique period, led then to old Pupnat, a settlement to the north of the present-day village. The populace have always dealt with agriculture, nowadays, they also deal with tourism. By the sea, under the village is the Pupnatska Luka, a bay with a beautiful gravel beach. Some valuable sacral monuments are in Pupnat. The parish church, Our Lady of the Snows (Gospa od Snijega) dates from the 17th century and the church of St. Jurje, situated on the local cemetery, from the 14th century. After the plague epidemic, the church of St. Roko was built, in honour of the patron saint, protector from plague. At Pupnat is also the convent of nuns, Trei red Sv. Frana. The oldest monument is the tombstone with an inscription in Latin, preserved in the lapidary of the family Kapor, at the town of Kor ula. ARA In this settlement of wine-growers, exposed to the sunlight since the early morning hours to the sunset, live approximately seven hundred inhabitants. Stone houses look like they have been transferred straight from provincial baroque, with numerous sculptured crosses. The trademark of the village is the local almond, which used to be exported in the past. A part of this settlement is also the bay of Zavalatica, 2 kilometres away, along with the beach }itna and the tourist apartments. In the centre of ara is a parish church of St. Peter from the 15th century and in the field, among the vineyards, is a local cemetery and the votive church Gospa Carskog Polja, from the 14th century. The mystique of the church is closely linked to the legend that states how a local girl had a vision of the Blessed Virgin Mary at the bay - avia luci. Spiritual life took place in the churches of St. Peter, St. Jurja, St. Nicholas, St. Barbara, St. Stjepan, St. John, et cetera. The connection to the local sense of identity is affirmed trough the historical roots of the populace, a connection preserved since the Illyrian times. SMOKVICA In this settlement, situated on the slopes of the hill Vela Obala and Mala Obala, today live one thousand inhabitants. It is 29 kilometres away from Kor ula and is known for the bottling shop and the production of the first Croatian white wines with a protected geographical status - Poaip and Rukatac, (1967). The term Smokvica originates from ancient times and signifies the dividing causeway. The municipality Smokvica is made up of villages Smokvica, Brna, Vina ac, Blaca and Istruga. It is surrounded with fertile fields: Kruaevo, Prapratna, Stiniva, Banja, Sitnica, Livin dol, ipojino polje and Dra evica. The tourist attractions consist of antique ceramics, old Greek wine and olive presses, the remains of Greek and patrician citadels, as well as the early medieval churches. From the sacral monuments, the most important is the neo-romantic church Purification of Our Lady (Gospina o iaenja), built in the 1920, on the place of a former sanctuary. BRNA The panorama of the tourist settlement on the peninsula Mali Zaglav is adorned by the hotel Feral. In the eastern part of the bay is an old settlement with a small port, on the west is the bay Istruga. In front of the Brno are islets Vrhovnjak, Crklica, Stupa, Oto ac and Sridnjak. In the eastern cape of the bay of Brna a cross is carved, in memory of Ivan Pecoti  Antuain. This hero from Brno was cowardly killed at night by Neretva s pirates, in order to avenge other pirates who fell victim to the hero s iron bar. ISTRUGA Rich deposits of Liman, the therapeutic marine mud can be found in the bay of Istruga, which is located, some 500 metres inward, and west of Brna. The bay ends in a sandy beach, approximately 200 metres wide. The measured mud deposits are 6 metres deep and sprawl some 300 metres under the sea. 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sH h?mH sH hSimH sH hmhK4mH sH hmh0 g6mH sH hmh0 gmH sH h9mH sH juv %'.05 &(*nvФྲছՋ}}}p}eYh4yh8( 6mH sH hmh8( mH sH h?0J56mH sH hmhdG56mH sH hmhdG0J56mH sH hmhn*7mH sH h4yh?6mH sH hmh.]16mH sH hmh4F<mH sH hmhdG6mH sH hmhdGmH sH h?mH sH hmh{@mH sH hmh{@6mH sH  ФԤ֤ ` %'BN]defowxznf^R^fJfhamH sH hah =6mH sH h =mH sH hmH sH hmhdG6mH sH h;Z46mH sH hmhdG5mH sH hmh4mH sH hmhdGmH sH hmh]mH sH h]jSmH sH hemH sH h;Z4mH sH hmh{@mH sH hmh{@6mH sH h?6mH sH hmh\R7mH sH h4yh\R76mH sH x  Drz"2NR,rݾݤ՜՘ՐՐՈ݈݈uuɀhmh]mH sH hBmH sH huMmH sH hfmH sH hQmHh;y8mH sH hfhQmH6mH sH hmhdG5mH sH Uhmh4mH sH hmhdG6mH sH hQmHmH sH hmhdGmH sH hamH sH hmH sH h;Z4mH sH *2 4 6 B D 222 33 $dha$gd_G $dha$gdh$dh`a$gdz $dha$gd Y$dh`a$gd_G$dh`a$gd~* & FgddGgddG $dha$gddG$dh`a$gdA;PRI}BA Pri~ba has been charted in the tourist map of Kor ula thanks to the camp and a family catering business, 4 kilometres from the coastline. Pri~ba remained what it had always been  a resort for local families. The tourist community was named after the peninsula Priaapac, well-known for its gravel beach. At the peninsula Ratak is a Sisters of Mercy monastery (Sestara Milosrdnica). The lighthouse keeper family }uvela originates from Pri~ba: the robust Nikica and his son Tomi are currently working on the island of Palagru~a. BLATO Municipality of Blato constitutes of 2 settlements, the village Blato with 3700 inhabitants and  HYPERLINK "http://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potirna" \o "Potirna" Potirna, with only a handful of families in rural households. The oldest island village sprawls over 7 hills, on the central western part of the island, alongside a fertile karst field. It is built on the plain area of Zlinje, whose name bears the main street avenue, flanked with lime-trees on both sides. On the northern shore, the municipality encompasses the area bounded by the bay in the west and the bay Babina in the east. In the south, it encompasses the bay of  HYPERLINK "http://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slatina" \o "Slatina" Slatina in the west and  HYPERLINK "http://hr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vina%C4%8Dac&action=edit&redlink=1" \o "Vina ac (stranica ne postoji)" Vina ca in the east. During the reign of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, the main port of Blato was Prigradica, 3 kilometres due north. In the old centre of the settlement is a parish All Saints Church (Svih Svetih), whose construction started in the middle ages. Contemporary appearance and the bell tower both date from the baroque period. Next to the church is the collection of art, valuables and archaeological findings. The oldest sacral object is the church of St. Kuzma and Damjan from the 6th century. A place of great importance is also the sanctuary of the Blessed Mary of Jesus Crucified (Svetiate bla~ene Marije Propetog Isusa) located in the monestary of the Daughters of Mercy (Dru~ba Keri Milosra). The nobleman built citadels at the Blato, too, among which is the prominent baroque villa Ameri. Tourists are also interested in Blatsko ljeto (held from the 15th of July to the 15th of August). Nowadays, the village has 15 active cultural organizations and societies that preserve folklore. The soccer club Zmaj was founded in  HYPERLINK "http://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1926." \o "1926." 1926 and the gymnastics organisation Hrvatski sokol Blato in  HYPERLINK "http://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1906" \o "1906" 1906. After the Second World War, the textile plant begins its operation, along with the factory producing marine equipment - Rade~. The company Blato 1902 trades with wine, oil and other agriculture produce. Nowadays, it represents a distinguished brand of the island Kor ula, as well as the main island village. PRIGRADICA A small fishing settlement located on the north-western coast of  HYPERLINK "http://www.ikorculainfo.com/hr/" Kor ula, surrounded by vineyards and olive-groves, served as a loading port for wine and olive oil produced in Blato. The great stone waterfronts as well as the pier were constructed by the Austro-Hungarian Empire. A trademark of Prigradica is one of the last islander highlanders, Ante Petkovi Piakuli, who is the keeper of a nearby lighthouse, Plo ice, the very same lighthouse his grandfather used to keep. THE FIELD OF BLATO In contrast to the neighbouring islands, the water sources have always assured life for the inhabitants of Kor ula. The field of Blato was also important for its water supply. In the 1912 a lake was dried, its surface at 1.24 km2, located in the biggest and economically most important island vale. During the winter, the dried lake filled with water, thanks to precipitation. In the rainy months, the lake flooded, washing over the surrounding plantations. It was dried with the use of melioration channels and drainage tunnels, which took the water to the north coast of the island. With this wise decision made by island leaders, the prerequisite conditions for developing agriculture on a much wider area were achieved. The field of Blato nowadays includes great farm land, as well as the slopes of nearby hills, planted with olive-trees and grape vines. The area is rugged with drywalls that denoted the borders of arable land that water used to overflow. VELA LUKA Bay of Vela Luka is, geologically and morphologically, an extension of the fault line that is 25 kilometres in length, which starts in the central part of the island, stretching to the west via several smaller, karst vales. The inlet Kale is the part of the Vela Luka bay that is deepest inward into the land. This means it is completely shielded from the winds coming from all the directions. The bay of Vela Luka broadens with an array of inlets. The special ornaments are the islets Oajak and Proizd. On the Proizd is the beach Bili Boci, which has won the title of the Adriatic Beach of the Year (Pla~e godine na Jadranu). In the base of the bay is Vela Luka, the biggest settlement on the whole island, a home for 5000 inhabitants. It located 42 kilometres from the town of Kor ula. The settlement developed in the beginning of the 19th century. There are several hotels in Vela Luka, quite a few tourist agencies, as well as the treatment centre for rheumatic diseases - Kalos. The tourist agency, Mediterano offers specialised tours of Kor ula. The populace of Vela Luka nowadays deals with agriculture, fishing and tourism. The shipyard Greben has preserved the traditional shipbuilding methods; also, there are several smaller production and economic plants. The cultural centre is situated in the renovated baroque building, an old villa that contains a valuable archaeological collection from the Vele spile finding site, as well as the neighbouring archeological sites of Roman culture. There is also a collection of contemporary art: paintings, graphics, and sculptures made by domestic and foreign artists who have donated it to Vela Luka. The chapel of St. Vicenzo dates from the year 1589. Vela Luka is a birthplace of artist Izvor Oreb, Gorki }uvela, poet Danijel Dragojevi, academician `ime Vu etia, sculptor Ante Marinovi, author Branko }uvela - Doda, singers Oliver Dragojevi and Jasna Zloki. KUMPANJIJA Kumpanjija is an ancient knightly ritual dance, performed in ara, Smokvica, Blato and, recently, Pupnat. Kumpanjija performed in Pupnat has similarities with other games of this type, but also certain specificity  the connection with Moatra that is performed in }rnovo. Formerly, in order to perform kumpanija, one had to request the permission from the supreme king of kumpanija, situated in Pupnat. The critical reason behind this fact was the importance of Pupnat as the main sentry post in Kor ula. This ancient cavalier s dance is performed with a longsword and is most frequently done in Blato. During the performance, drums and mianice (an instrument resembling bagpipes) were played and the dialogue was constantly present. The dancers are clad in antique, ornate attire, performing 18 different dance figures. The kumpanjija depicts the fight between the enemies lead by Serdar and the domestic military lead by Kapitano. A special kind of scenography is made in order to enable the dance with the flag and in order to utilise its specific 3-metre long pole and its spinning around. At the end of the dance, the men are joind by the females wearing antique costumes and they together dance tanac along with the Kumpanjol. The swords and the movements of the warriors - kumpanjols symbolise the act of defending from the enemies. Kumpanjija represents a conflict between good and evil. In the end, the good prevails over evil, the present vanquishes the past. Kumpanjijas were origionally founded as peasant military units, modelled after the Italian defense against the pillaging skirmishes that came from the sea. According to the research, the Kumpanjija originates from the distant past, the Mesolithic ( Middle Stone Age ) era. Kumpanjija ends with the 13th point (punat), druga akrima, and the swords are laid into a star-like pattern (zvizda). With that last figure  the star, it is symbolically shown that love and life always prevail and win over hatred and death. Poaip, you old drop Behold our beautiful fields, owerflowed are the sweet sails of grapes. But for me one is the best, shines as gold and reigns. Loza Poaip is a prominent wine, one we take pride in today. Hardworking labor of our farmer made it a hero. Oh, Poaip, drop of the wine golden, you unlock the gates of the emperor. Auntie Vjeka from Brno Poaipe kapljo stara Pogledajte naaa lipa poja, prepuna su slatka jedra grozja. Ali za me jedno je najbolje, u lozama zlati i kraljuje. Loza Poaip uveno je vino, s kojim danas mi se ponosimo. Vridne muke naaega te~aka, u inile od njega junaka. Poaipe, kapljo vina zlatna, ti otvaraa careva vrata. Teta Vjeka iz Brne HUM FORTRESS Heavy, ancient, metal gates situated on the hill Hum, to the south of Vela Luka, hide the ghosts of the past. From the lookout point, the three towers and a single spire, it is as though Vela Luka and the surrounding landscape is in the palm of ones hand. Massive walls and the mystic rooms leave a distinct impression; it is as if an Austro-Hungarian soldier were to immediately walk out of the fortress, clad in a parade uniform. This is true especially during the quiet summer nights, while thousands of stars are mirrored on the sea surface and all the wile moonlight shines down on this fort of ghosts. VELA SPILA On the slopes of the Pinski rat, a hill situated 130 metres above the bay of Kala is a unique, insular, archeological curiosity. Through an entrance approximately ten metres wide and four metres high, one enters into the elliptical space, fifty meters long and thirty metres in diameter. The semicircular top has 2 openings at the hight of 17 metres  Velo ~drilo and Malo ~drilo, with the first 11x9 metres and the latter 5x4 metres. OLIVE TREES AND OLIVE-GROWING According to legend, the olive tree was bought to the island by the Greeks. In the year 1939, 228 000 olive trees covered 1636 hectars. That same year, 635 tonnes of olive oil were produced. An interesting stipulation that dates from the ages of the Venetian Republic specified that a young man was not allowed to marry until he planted a certain number of olive tree saplings. In 1968 there were 2096 hectars of olive-groves, 1745 hectars in the 1989. The reason why olive growers are currently loosing interest in growing the trees is because of the uncontrolled import of a low-quality olive oil. In order to mark the genuine olive oil produced in the western part of the island, the brand Torkul was introduced. In the year 1750, the Kapor family from Kor ula planted a grove of 365 olives, in the Ohandol province. In the Mindel province exist one of the oldest olive trees of the oblica variety. The stem is 9.5 metres in circumverence. The legend of the olive tree states that it grows roots trough the dry soil, all the way to the sea, thus interconnecting all the olive trees of the entire Mediteranean. Olive tree has become a part of Kor ula s history. Genrations have revered it as a holy object. Religious rituals on the island use primarily local olive oil. VINICULTURE Viniculture dates from the period of Greek colonization. In the year 1896, vineyards had a surface of 4.136 hectars and the annual output of 130 to 150 thousand hectolitre of wine. The Statue of the town of Kor ula from 1214 has strict stipulations regarding the cultivation of the grape wine. Since 1420, it was forbidden to keep cattle close to a vineyard. The viniculture has, and always will be, the bond of unity for the island populace. FISHING The maritime area of Kor ula used to be a rich fishing area, so it provided for quite a comfortable living. Undersea cliffs in the Channel of Lastovo were known fishing posts, where people hunted lobsters and fished for groupers and toothfish (Dentex gibbosus) during the fall. Uncontrolled trawling devastated the entire maritime island area. BADIJA ISLAND The island Badija, a tourist attraction and excursion site, is twenty minutes away by taking the local sailing line from thet town of Kor ula. The proofs that Badija was populated since prehistoric times are the findings of flint knives. Great deals of findings are also from the later, Roman period. Francisean friars looked after the island for centuries. The first settlement on the island was built in the 10th century, when St. Bendict founded the abbey. After the departure of the Benedictine monks in the year 1392, Badija is then subsequently populated by the Franciscans of Bosnian vicary. Kor ula s Executive Council, in the charter dating from May 3rd, 1394, granted the Franciscans a portion of the island, so they could construct a monastery. With the deed of donation, they are given the entire island in the year 1398. From then onward, Badija grows into a unitary spiritual and cultural centre of the entire area of Kor ula and Peljeaac. In the year 1906, a monestary and the church containing valuable sacral objects are built. In contemporary times, Badija is still an important cultural centre. In the year 1906, the provincial administration makes the decision to establish a private classical high school. The quality of the work done by the high school was recognized by the government of that period. The decree issued on the 1st of December, 1924, turns the Badija private school into the classical high school with accreditation. Teachers were highly educated professors, both Franciscans and layman. Many noted Croatian professors, physicians and jurists were educated there, among them, Dr. Ivo Padovan, one of the presidents of Croatia s Academy of Arts and Sciences. After Republic of Croatia gained independence, the island Badija was returned to its owners, Franciscans, so nowadays the sacral objects are finally restored thanks to the funds of the Croatia s Ministry of Culture. THE ISLE VRNIK The dazzling reflection of the Sun from the white stones that make up hundred-year-old houses and white beaches is Vrnik. The shores have come into existence as the scattered, chipped pieces of stones rolled from the island quarries. It is as if the stonecarvers new that the quarry will grow desolate, so they given the sea due time in order for it to create the beaches. The chapel Gospa od pohoenja dominates the small island waterfront since the year 1685. The oldest structure is the ancient, 15th century citadel, belonging to the patrician family Gabrieli  Ismaeli, located in the SE part of the island. The first stone house on the island was built not far from the citadel. Today, only a cross with a cannonball on top of it remains. According to legend, during a naval battle, the fired Turkish cannonball, shot from a battleship, flew to the top of the cross and remained there. Upon witnessing this, the Turks have fled, assuming the island is bewitched. The stone on Vrbnik was extracted since the neolitic era. With time, the quarrymen started working in the dawn and went home at the dusk. After a while, they had begun to reside on the island from Monday to Saturday. Not long thereafter, the first worker families begun to settle down. At times when the Vrbnik s stone trade was in full spread, the island s quarries had approximately six hundred workers. During the 14th century, the stone was delivered to the merchants of Dubrovnik, Ston, `ibenik and Zadar. Numerous world palaces and villas were constructed using the stone from Vrbnik, especially important are the Budampest parliament, Aya Sofia in Istambul and the Partisan monument in Mostar. In order to transport the stone, shipbuilders from Kor ula built the biggest barque of the time, Fratelli Fabris, that had a deadweight tonnage of 550 tonnes.Since the year 1996, all the activities ceased, so the quarry is now covered with greenery. PLO ICA A peculiar islet of the lowland configuration, situated in the three-border point of `edro, northern coast of Kor ula and the southern cape of Peljeaac. On the western slope of Peljeaac, an ancient lighthouse building is situated. In the year 2001, it was restored for tourist purposes and 2 apartments were furnished (www.plovput.hr). Plo ica is 4 nautical miles from Prigradica, the place where tourist transfer is organised. SUNSET AND INSTEAD OF AN EPILOGUE An ancient legend from Kor ula states that the island rests on the seabed connected by three stone pillars. If only one of them is to crumble, the whole island would be bound to disappear into oblivion. Deep karst sinkholes can be found in the island wilderness and the local populace states they actualy end under Kor ula. Maybe these dark pits interconnect those three pillars that, supposedly, carry the entire island?     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