ࡱ> UWTq`.CbjbjqPqP.P::(((((((< \\ <1"     \!^!^!^!^!^!^!$"hO%r!i(: ::!((  !8 8 8 :\( ( \!8 :\!8 8 ((8  x `pb} v8 P! "01"8 % "%8 %(8  8  !!. 1"::::<<< <<< <<<(((((( Alen }uni Sveu iliate u Zagrebu Arhitektonski fakultet HR - 10 000 Zagreb, Ka ieva 26  HYPERLINK "mailto:alenzu@net.hr" alenzu@net.hr ;  HYPERLINK "mailto:zunic.alen@gmail.com" zunic.alen@gmail.com Zlatko Kara  Sveu iliate u Zagrebu Arhitektonski fakultet HR - 10 000 Zagreb, Ka ieva 26  HYPERLINK "mailto:zlatko.karac@inet.hr" zlatko.karac@inet.hr ;  HYPERLINK "mailto:zlatko.karac@arhitekt.hr" zlatko.karac@arhitekt.hr Alen }uni, Zlatko Kara  KUE-KULE U TRADICIJSKOJ STAMBENOJ ARHITEKTURI DALMACIJE Sa~etak Meu naaim tradicijskim stambenim tipovima, gotovo nepoznatu skupinu ine tzv. kue-kule. Za razliku od veih utvrenih sklopova (gradskih tvrava, kaatela i burgova), takve su kule smjeatene u stambenom okru~ju unutar samog naselja gdje se izdvajaju visokim siluetama. Ovaj tip utvrene rezidencije ve je u srednjem vijeku postojao u mediteranskim gradovima (amblematske su plemenitaake kule San Gimignana u Toskani), pa je i kod nas o uvano nekoliko 'urbanih' stambenih kula (romani ka u Pore u, renesansni 'kaatili' na Bra u  u Pu iaima, Splitskoj, `kripu, ponad Bol). Ipak, na hrvatskim podru jima kue-kule naj eae su podizane u selima uz nesigurnu granicu (ponajviae u Dalmatinskoj Zagori i Lici). Ponekad su graene kao simboli moi lokalnih posjednika (kule begova iz vremena turske okupacije), no i zbog potrebe obrane od upada uskoka, hajduka, neprijateljskih vojski, a uz more i zbog gusara. Danas joa postoje: Alia-kulina i kula age Senkovia u Gospiu (17. st.), Jusuf-age Tunia u Islamu Gr kom, ruaevine kule Atlagia kod Benkovca, Alibegova u Imotskom, nekoliko ruaevnih turskih kula u obli~njoj Glavini, zatim u Vrgorcu - Muminova, Cukarinovia i Dizdarevia kula (rodna kua Tina Ujevia). Tri turske stambene kule nalaze se na podru ju Pline ponad Plo a (stari ~upni dvor, Grupkovia-kula kod Puljana i ona u Karamatiima). U Gornjim Tu epima su tri kule (Buaelia, `aria i Lalia, 16. st.), u zaseocima Podgore sa uvane su joa tri (Rua ii, Marinovii i Batoaii). Sli na kula je i u Draanicama, u Gracu, pa Zalina kula u Igranima, ruaevna turska kula u Drveniku& Arhitektonski su sve vrlo sli ne, bez izra~enih stilskih karakteristika; kvadratnog su jednoprostornog tlocrta, naj eae dvokatne, sa svoenom prizemlju bez prozora, na viaim eta~ama s malim otvorima i strijelnicama. Klju ne rije i: Dalmacija, kue-kule, narodno graditeljstvo, stambena arhitektura, tradicijska arhitektura Alen }uni University in Zagreb Faculty of Architecture HR - 10 000 Zagreb, Ka ieva 26  HYPERLINK "mailto:alenzu@net.hr" alenzu@net.hr ;  HYPERLINK "mailto:zunic.alen@gmail.com" zunic.alen@gmail.com Zlatko Kara  University in Zagreb Faculty of Architecture HR - 10 000 Zagreb, Ka ieva 26  HYPERLINK "mailto:zlatko.karac@inet.hr" zlatko.karac     p r t X Z < > @ p r x z |j_h)%hmH sH #jh)%h(UmH sH #jh)%h(UmH sH h)%h%0JmH sH #jh)%h%UmH sH jh)%h%UmH sH h)%h%mH sH h)%h(0JmH sH #jh)%h(UmH sH jh)%h(UmH sH h)%h(mH sH  Bp  X v x z | ~ & ( 8 : R^`$a$gd=y$a$gd@gd(.Cz ~ $ & ( 8 : D P j  ( * > ԽzodYNdYNYNYoh)%hmH sH h)%hMmH sH h)%hU mH sH h)%hlmH sH h)%h@6mH sH h)%hEmH sH h)%hmH sH h)%h^jmH sH h)%h@mH sH h)%hmH sH h)%h(5mH sH h)%h(mH sH h)%h%mH sH h)%hCmH sH h)%hmH sH h)%hmH sH  .RV` (*Bv DlpԾɳߨߨ߾ߝɨɒɾɇ|h)%h mH sH h)%hBmH sH h)%h=cmH sH h)%ht:kmH sH h)%h^jmH sH h)%hmH sH h)%hmmH sH h)%h.mH sH h)%hmH sH h)%hMmH sH h)%hj\mH sH h)%hlmH sH 0 0L"6LPR\^r&,<XԳԝԨԒԇԨ|ԨԨԳqfh)%h=ymH sH h)%ha mH sH h)%hmH sH h)%hmH sH h)%hmH sH h)%h mH sH h)%hBmH sH h)%h^jmH sH h)%hmmH sH h)%hmH sH h)%hmH sH h)%hlmH sH h)%h.mH sH h)%hMmH sH (6Hv 28dhX8FZ^`~4Nvx߾~~shs~huhDmH sH huh[mH sH h[mH sH h)%hzmH sH h)%h%mH sH h)%h(mH sH h)%h(5mH sH h)%hmH sH h)%hmH sH h)%h mH sH h)%ha mH sH h)%h]kmH sH h)%hmH sH h)%hmH sH %`6Nx P00000000h1j1z1|19d@VBXBgd[gdz$a$gdz.02LNTV >BDNP00000t0v0x0000嬡ywe#jah)%hzUmH sH U#jrh)%hzUmH sH huh[mH sH huhDmH sH h)%h[mH sH h[mH sH #jh)%hzUmH sH h)%hz0JmH sH #jh)%hzUmH sH h)%hzmH sH jh)%hzUmH sH &@inet.hr ;  HYPERLINK "mailto:zlatko.karac@arhitekt.hr" zlatko.karac@arhitekt.hr Alen }uni, Zlatko Kara  TOWER HOUSES IN TRADITIONAL DOMESTIC ARCHITECTURE IN DALMATIA Summary Among the traditional domestic building types, the so-called tower houses are fairly unknown. Compared to the bigger fortified complexes (castles, citadels and burgs), these houses are located in a residential environment within the settlement itself, distinguished by their tall silhouettes. This type of fortified residences appeared in the Middle Ages in Mediterranean towns (best example are the towers owned by nobility in San Gimignano in Tuscany), and that is why there are several preserved  urban domestic towers in Croatia (Romanesque tower in Pore , renaissance castles in Pu iaa on the island of Bra , in Splitska, in `krip and above the town of Bol). However, the tower houses in Croatia were mostly built in villages in the vicinity of unsafe borders (mostly in Dalmatian hinterland and Lika). They were sometimes built as a symbol of power by the local landowners (towers of Turkish beys from the occupation period), and for defensive purposes against the raids of Uskoks, Hajduks enemy armies, and on the coast against pirate raids. Tower houses still standing today include: Alia-kulina and Aga Senkovi towers in Gospi (17th century), Jusuf-Aga Tuni tower in Islam Gr ki, the ruins of Atlagi tower near the town of Benkovac, Alibeg tower in Imotski, several dilapidated Turkish towers in nearby Glavina, then in Vrgorac - Mumin, Cukarinovi and Dizdarevi towers (birthplace of poet Tin Ujevi). There are three Turkish domestic towers in the region of Plina above the town of Plo e (old parish house, Grupkovi tower near Puljane and the one in Karamatii). There are three towers in Gornji Tu epi (Buaeli, `ari and Lali towers, 16th century), and three more preserved in hamlets of Podgora (Rua ii, Marinovii and Batoaii). Similar towers can be found in Draanice and Gradac, and then there is also the Zalina tower in Igrane, a dilapidated Turkish tower in Drvenik and so on. Architecturally, they are all very similar, without any prominent stylistic features; they have a square, single space layout, usually two stories high, with a vaulted and windowless ground floor, and small openings and arrowslits on higher floors. Keywords: Dalmatia, tower houses, vernacular architecture, domestic architecture, traditional architecture 0f1j1l1x1z1|11112428222222223383B333344 44H4d4p4r444445 5>5b5d5n5p55555556ͶͣhDB*mH phsH h)%mH sH h)%h3?mH sH h)%h9mH sH h9mH sH h)%h96mH sH h)%h]sImH sH h)%h9mH sH hQ5mH sH h)%hz5mH sH h)%hzmH sH h3?mH sH 46666@6L6R6\6b6d6f6l6x66666666667j7z7|777 88.8<8H8^8`8t888888*9294989:9D9H9999::::: :":*:ϼϼڴڴڴڼڬڬڠڬhuhD6mH sH huhz6mH sH hgmH sH hgjmH sH h9mH sH huhDmH sH huh9mH sH h)%hzmH sH h)%mH sH h)%h3?mH sH h3?mH sH 9*:,:.:0:B:D:R:X:l:p::::::::::::::;;;*;6;8;>;J;L;^;j;l;p;;;;;;;;<&<,<B<D<R<T<z<<<<====6=>=@=ܴܴܡ̙h=mH sH hf9"mH sH hDhf9"mH sH hf9"hz6mH sH hghgH*mH sH hgmH sH h,>H>J>P>R>\>j>r>v>>>>>>>>??2?4?L?N?p?~??????????????????孡huhDmH sH huhD6mH sH h&h&6mH sH h&mH sH hv0mH sH h-?h-?H*mH sH h-?mH sH hf9"mH sH hf9"hz6mH sH h=mH sH hgmH sH h)%hzmH sH 6?@>@L@d@@@@ AA(ARAxAzAAAAAAAAB2BRBTBVBXBjBBBBBBB,C.C¶իh)%h(mH sH h)%hz5mH sH h)%hv0mH sH hzmH sH h}bmH sH h&mH sH h=mH sH hv0mH sH h)%hzmH sH #XB.C$a$gdz,1h. 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