Naslov
True Random Number Generators

Autori
Stipčević, Mario ; Kaya Koç, Çetin

Vrsta, podvrsta i kategorija rada
Poglavlja u knjigama, ostalo

Knjiga
Open Problems in Mathematics and Computational Science

Urednik/ci
Çetin Kaya Koç

Izdavač
Springer

Godina
2014

Raspon stranica
275-315

ISBN
978-3-319-10683-0

Ključne riječi
random numbers, random number generator, cryptography

Sažetak
Random numbers are needed in many areas: cryptography, Monte Carlo computation and simulation, industrial testing and labeling, hazard games, gambling, etc. Our assumption has been that random numbers cannot be computed ; because digital computers operate deterministically, they cannot produce random umbrs. Instead, random numbers are best obtained using physical (true) random number generator (RNG), which operate by measuring a well-controlled and specially prepared physical process. Randomness of a TRNG can be precisely, scientifically characterized and measured. Especially valuable are the information- heoretic provable random number generators (RNGs), which, at the state of the art, seem to be possible only by exploiting randomness inherent to certain quantum systems. On the other hand, current industry standards dictate the use of RNGs based on free-running oscillators (FRO) whose randomness is derived from electronic noise present in logic circuits and which cannot be strictly proven as uniformly random, but offer easier technological realization. The FRO approach is currently used in 3rd- and 4th-generation FPGA and ASIC hardware, unsuitable for realization of quantum RNGs. In this chapter we compare weak and strong aspects of the two approaches. Finally, we discuss several examples where use of a true RNG is critical and show how it can significantly improve security of cryptographic systems, and discuss industrial and research challenges that prevent widespread use of TRNGs.

Izvorni jezik
Engleski

Znanstvena područja
Fizika

POVEZANOST RADA