Naslov
The Đurđevac Hoard.

Autori
Kos, Peter ; Mirnik, Ivan

Vrsta, podvrsta i kategorija rada
Poglavlja u knjigama, ostalo

Knjiga
Coinage in the Iron Age. Essays in Honour of Simone Scheers.

Urednik/ci
Johan van HEESCH – Inge HEEREN

Izdavač
Spink&Son

Grad
London : Delhi

Godina
2009

Raspon stranica
290-311

ISBN
1-902040-97-4

Ključne riječi
Celtic coinage; Đurđevac Type

Sažetak
A not insignificant number of coin hoards still remain unpublished and inaccessiole to the scholarly community more than hundred years after their discovery. There are three such boards of Celtic silver coins in the Archaeological Museum in Zagreb that are each eponymous for a specific group of coins, but which could not be taken into consideration when the corpus of the so-called Norican coins was being elaborated by Robert Göbl almost thirty years ago. I refer to the hoards of Varaždin, Samobor, and Đurđevac in north western Croatia. The Đurđevac hoard gave its name to one type of coins in the larger group of silver coins that circulated in the southeastern Alpine region. The coins of this group with the depiction of the "head of Apollo" on the obverse are divided into two groups, the first showing a rider on the reverse, and the other merely a horse. Göbl inexactly first termed the first group «west Norican», and the other «east Norican», while later he attributed the minting of the coinage of the first group to the tribe of the Norici, and the coinage of the other group to the tribe of the Taurisci, which was perhaps a somewhat too simplified classification. Coins of the Varaždin, Samobor and Đurđevac types would otherwise be a part of the so-called Tauriscan group of coins. Robert Göbl argued that the so-called "west Norican" coins as well as the "east Norican" coins were first minted soon after 60 BC. Twenty years later he revised his chronological attribution and redated the beginning of the minting of Norican coins by 5 years (65 BC) and Tauriscan coins by 10 years (70 BC). Later other chronological proposals were offered, however without strong supportive argumentation. Decisive evidence was offered in the late nineties of the 20th century by the hoard of Enernonzo for Norican coins and by a find from the Ljubljanica River for Tauriscan coins, shifting the actual beginning of minting for the coins of both groups almost a century backwards. The Enemonzo hoard implies the minting of Norican coins began in the middle of the first half of the second century BC, whereas the Ljubljanica collective find indicates the minting of Tauriscan silver tetradrachms began in the middle of the 2nd century BC. The analysis of the hoard of Đurđevac, however, does not offer us direct clues for establishing a closer chronological determination for the minting of coins of the Đurđevac type. The beginning of minting of coins of the Đurđevac type was set by Göbl in 55 BC, which, however, taking in consideration the new evidence, clearly also needs to be revised. Taking into consideration this new evidence, Gorini dated coins of the Samobor A, B and C types to the second half of the 2nd century BC ; and also arbitrary set the minting of the Đurđevac type in the 2nd century BC. Torbagyi expressed her doubts with the absolute chronology of Göbl, also taking into account the Đurđevac type. She rightfully stressed the significance of the small hoard of Pokupsko in Croatia (containing 8 worn silver coins of Samobor A, B, and early Đurđevac types), which attests to the simultaneous minting of coins of all these three types. This is the only case where early Đurđevac coins appear in a mixed hoard that can contribute to the absolute chronology and it could imply the beginning of minting of coins of the Đurđevac type already at the end of the 2 century BC. The exact time of the deposition of the hoard and the reason for its burial cannot be established. To sum up: the hoard implies a short term minting for the major part of coins of this group, mostly for Göbl's dies from die nos. 53-119 to die nos. 68-135. The later underweight coins of very poor metal alloy were almost as a rule found far from the Đurđevac area (widely distributed in Pannonia and reaching as far as Dalmatia, but were, however, minted al a much later date.

Izvorni jezik
Engleski

Znanstvena područja
Arheologija

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