Naslov
Who created IQ as a whole number?

Autori
Matešić, Krunoslav

Vrsta, podvrsta i kategorija rada
Sažeci sa skupova, sažetak, stručni

Izvornik
Review of Psychology / Buško, Vesn a - Zagreb : Naklada Slap, 2014, 99-99

Skup
11th Alps Adria Psychology Conference

Mjesto i datum
Pečuh, Mađarska, 18.09.2014. - 20.09.2014

Vrsta sudjelovanja
Poster

Vrsta recenzije
Međunarodna recenzija

Ključne riječi
history of psychology; IQ; W. Stern; L.M. Terman; F. Goodenough

Sažetak
William Stern's lecture at the 5th Congress of Psychology held in Berlin in April 1912 is noted in the history of science in general and psychology in particular for two details. The first is Stern's suggested definition of intelligence, which was later very well accepted, while the second detail is more widely known. Stern suggested that the relationship between mental (Mental age / Intelligenzalter – “IA.”) and chronological age (Chronological / Lebensalter – “LA.”) should be relativized, with the result being called the intelligence quotient (Stern, 1912). The original formula was: “IQ = IA. / LA.” (Stern, 1912, p. 28). A hundred or so years later, “IQ”, as Stern's epochal contribution to the understanding of intelligence, is systematically described in a distorted way. Even the highest authorities in this field claim that Stern's formula included the multiplication of the result by 100 in order to avoid decimal points. It is sufficient to consult the chapter in the Cambridge Handbook of Intelligence (Sternberg & Kaufman, 2011), written by Urbina (p. 20-38) or the APA Dictionary of Psychology (VanenBos, 2007). However, if American authors write in such a way, it is surprising that the German ones haven't checked this claim (Preckel & Bruell, 2008 ; Rost, 2009 ; etc.). The important point is that the original intelligence quotient was calculated as a decimal number. There was no factor “100” which would avoid this. If we analyze not only the original lecture but also the publications following Stern's proposal, we can confirm that in the initial decades following Stern's idea, the intelligence quotient of European authors was a decimal value. Examples of this are Bobbertag's processing of Binet-Simons's test which was published in 1913 and subsequently in 1920, or, for example, the Croatian adaptation of Ballard's test, published as the Ballard-Ostojčić-Bujas series (B.O.B. series) (Bujas, Ostojčić, 1942). I am of the opinion that IQ as a whole number was created by Lewis Terman, as he has, according to his assistant Florence Goodenough, stated the following: “He (Terman) suggested that in writing the results, the initial letters (IQ) should be used without the abbreviation sign and that the decimal points should be omitted. Thus, instead of recording that John Smith was found to have an IQ of 1.25, one would express it more compactly as an IQ of 125” (Goodenough, 1949, p. 162).

Izvorni jezik
Engleski

Znanstvena područja
Psihologija

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