Naslov
Fundamental role of start/stop regulators in whole DNA and new trinucleotide classification

Autori
Rosandić, Marija ; Paar, Vladimir ; Glunčić, Matko

Izvornik
Gene (0378-1119) 531 (2013), 2; 184-190

Vrsta, podvrsta i kategorija rada
Radovi u časopisima, članak, znanstveni

Ključne riječi
Sart trinucleotide; Stop trinucleotides Genetic code; Trinucleotide classification; Noncoding DNA; Regulators
(Start trinucleotide;; Stop trinucleotides; Genetic code; Trinucleotide classification; Noncoding DNA; Regulators)

Sažetak
The origin and logic of genetic code are two of greatest mysteries of life sciences. Analyzing DNA sequences we showed that the start/stop trinucleotides have broader importance than just marking start and stop of exons in coding DNA. On this basis, here we introduced new classification of trinucleotides and showed that all A+T rich trinucleotides consisting of three different nucleotides arise from start-ATG, stop-TGA and stop-TAG using their complement, reverse complement and reverse transformations. Due to the same transformations during generations of crossing-over they can switch from one form to the other. By direct process the start-ATG and stop-TAG can irreversibly transform into stop-TAA. By transformation into A+T rich trinucleotides and 16/32 C+G rich they can lose the start/stop function and take the role of a sense codon in reversible way. The remaining 16 C+G trinucleotides cannot directly transform into start/stop trinucleotides and thus remain a firm skeleton for structuring the C+G rich DNA. We showed that start/stops strongly enrich the A+T rich noncoding DNA through frequently extended forms. From the evolutionary viewpoint the start/stops are chief creators of prevailing A+T rich noncoding DNA, and of more stable coding DNA. We propose that start/stops have basic role as “seeds” in trinucleotide evolution of noncoding and coding sequences and lead to asymmetry between A+T and C+G rich DNA. By dynamical transformations during evolution they enabled pronounced phylogenetic broadness, keeping the regulator function.

Izvorni jezik
Engleski

Znanstvena područja
Biologija, Računarstvo, Temeljne medicinske znanosti

POVEZANOST RADA