Naslov
Benthic diatoms and Implementation of Water Framework Directive in Croatia

Autori
Kralj Borojević, Koraljka ; Gligora Udovič, Marija ; Žutinić, Petar ; Coring, Eckhard ; Plenković-Moraj, Anđelka

Vrsta, podvrsta i kategorija rada
Sažeci sa skupova, sažetak, znanstveni

Izvornik
32eme Colloque de l'Association des Diatomistes de Langue Francaise & 7th Central European Diatom Meeting. Abstracts. / Rimet, Frederic ; Bouchez, Agnes ; Ector, Luc ; Montuelle, Bernard - Thonon-les-Bains : Association des Diatomistes de Langue Francaise, 2013, 164-166

Skup
32eme Colloque de l'Association des Diatomistes de Langue Francaise & 7th Central European Diatom Meeting

Mjesto i datum
Thonon-les-Bains, Francuska, 18.09.2013. - 20.09.2013

Vrsta sudjelovanja
Poster

Vrsta recenzije
Međunarodna recenzija

Ključne riječi
Benthic diatoms; Water Framework Directive; Croatia

Sažetak
Due to great importance of running waters as one of the most valuable natural resources, it is of necessary to have adequate tools for assessment and monitoring the water quality. With the EC Water Framework Directive (WFD ; Directive 2000/60/EC), a new legal structure for the assessment of all types of water bodies in Europe is defined. The focus of the WFD in stream assessment is the use of biotic indicators (phytoplankton, phytobentos, macrophytes, bentic invertebrates, and fish) together with hydromorphological and chemical elements. Current approaches for using phytobenthos for monitoring in Europe generally focus on a representative diatoms taxonomic groups sampled from a representative habitat (Kelly et al., 1998 ; Prygiel et al., 2002 ; Rott et al., 2003 ; King et al., 2006). The purpose of this paper is to present diatom assemblages in Croatian rivers and streams, to access the relationship between diatom species composition and environmental variables and to set boundaries for water quality classes using Croatian diatom trophic index. Investigations were performed during spring and summer in 2006, 2007 and 2009. Altogether, samples were collected on 141 sampling points on 92 different rivers and streams in Croatia. For additional analyses dataset with physical and chemical properties (water temperature, pH, conductivity, oxygen, oxygen saturation, nitrate, nitrite, ammonia, orthophosphate and total phosphorus) of investigated sites was also used. Values of water temperature, pH, conductivity, oxygen concentration, and oxygen saturation were measured using WTW Multi 340i handheld meter along with sampling of diatoms. Concentrations of nitrate, nitrite, ammonia, orthophosphate and total phosphorus were determined from water samples collected at the same time and measured in laboratory using standard methods (APHA, 1995). As for abiotic typology, water types system B was used to describe 24 different water types (Mihaljević et al. 2011). Altogether 182 diatom species were noted and used for the analysis. Cluster analysis was employed to group the samples and 10 groups emerged. ANOVA revealed that among SOM groups there was, according to environmental parameters, a statistically significant difference (F=2.15952, p<0.001). To single out parameters that contributed towards statistical significance, post hoc Tukey hsd test was performed. It revealed that group 6 is statistically different (p<0.05) from all other groups concerning concentrations of ammonia, nitrates, orthophosphates and total phosphorus. ANOVA on diatom abundance data set revealed that groups statistically significantly differ one from another (F=138.08, p<0.001). Ind-val analysis was used to find characteristic species for each group. Each group was represented with at least one (groups 4 and 1) species and group 8 with 12 different species. Composition of diatom communities and the characteristic (indicator) species from this set of Croatian samples closely corresponded to those observed in other geographical areas (Tison et al., 2005 ; Tornés et al., 2007). Diatom assemblages are influenced by many factors including those that are site specific at various temporal and species scales (DeNicola et al., 2004) as well as those that reflect human interventions in the environment. Those factors include chemical properties of the water (Potapova, 1996), nutrient load (Rott, 1995) and also flow velocity and type of substrate (Plenković, 1989). Canonical analysis of principal coordinates (CAP) showed that there were some strong and significant correlations between the diatom abundance and the environmental variables (P=0.001). First canonical correlation was 0.74 and second one 0.67. CAP axis 1 was correlated with oxygen saturation (r=-0.924) and CAP axis 2 with total P (r=0.571) and NO3- (r=0.490). It seems that nutrients, especially phosphorus, have more important role concerning diatom assemblages when we look into the data at regional scale. As published in many other studies (Stanley et al., 1990) phosphorus, both as orthophosphate and total phosphorus, has been shown to be an important factor in the development of benthic diatom community. Phosphorus and nitrogen fractions have been generally considered to be most critical factors (Hutchinson, 1967). Because of such strong influence of phosphorus on diatom asemblages, trophic index was chosen as a metric for estimation of water quality in running waters in Croatia. For every species, indication and sensitivity values were adopted for Croatian geomorphology using simple linear regression between diatom species abundance and total phosphorus concentration. Ecological preferences of typifying species revealed by Ind-val were used to set boundaries for different groups of stream types and reference sites were chosen for further testing. References APHA, 1995. Standard methods. 19th ed. American Public Health Association: Washington, DC ; DeNicola D.M., E. de Eyto, A.Wemaere & K. Irvine, 2004. Using Epilithic Algal Communities to Assess Trophic Status in Irish Lakes1. Journal of Phycology, 40, 481–95. European Union, 2000. Directive 2000/60/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 October 2000 establishing a framework for Community action in the field of water policy. Official Journal of the European Communities L327: 1–73. Hutchinson G.E., 1967. A Treatise on Limnology. I. Introduction to lake Biology and Limnoplankton. Vol. 2, John Wiley and Sons, New York. Kelly, M.G., A. Cazaubon, E. Coring, A. Dell'uomo, L. Ector, B. Goldsmith, H. Guasch, J. Hürlimann, A. Jarlman, B. Kawecka, J. Kwandrans, R. Laugaste, E. Lindstrøm, A., Leitao, M., Marvan, P., Padisák, J., Pipp, E., Prygiel, J., Rott, E., Sabater, S., Van Dam, H. & Vizinet, J., 1998. Recommendations for the routine sampling of diatoms for water quality assessments in Europe. Journal of Applied Phycology, 10, 215–224. King, L., G. Clarke, H. Bennion, M.G. Kelly & M.L. Yallop, 2006. Recommendations for sampling littoral diatoms in lakes for ecological status assessments. Journal of Applied Phycology, 18, 15-25. Mihaljević Z, M. Mrakovčić, P. Mustafić, M. Kerovec, B. Primc Habdija, A. Plenković-Moraj I. Ternjej, D. Zanella, M. Gligora Udovič, M. Čaleta, Z, Marčić, I. Buj, K. Kralj Borojević, M. Sertić Perić, T. Dražina & P. Žutinić, 2011. 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Journal of Applied Phycology, 14, 27–39. Rott E., 1995. Diatoms of the Grand River, Ontario, Canada restudied after 25 years. Limnologica, 25, 165–92. Rott, E., E- Pipp & P. Pfister, 2003. Diatom methods developed for river quality assessment in Austria and a cross-check against numerical trophic indication methods used in Europe. Algological Studies, 10, 91-115. Stanley E.H., R.A. Short, J.W. Harrison, R. Hall & R.C. Wiedenfeld, 1990. Variation in nutrient limitation of lotic and lentic algal communities in a Texas (USA) river. Hydrobiologia, 206, 61–71. Tison J., Y.-S. Park, M. Coste, J.G. Wasson, L. Ector, F. Rimet & F. Delmas, 2005. Typology of diatom communities and the influence of hydro-ecoregions: A study on the French hydrosystem scale. Water Research, 39, 3177–88. Tornés E., J. Cambra, J. Gomà, M. Leira, R. Ortiz & S. Sabater, 2007. Indicator taxa of benthic diatom communities: a case study in Mediterranean streams. Environmental Sciences, 43, 1–11.

Izvorni jezik
Engleski

Znanstvena područja
Biologija

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