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P r e s e n t a t i o n s h a v e a n i m p o r t a n t p l a c e i n t h e b u s i n e s s w o r l d a n d m a n y p r e s e n t a t i o n s a r e g i v e n d a i l y w i t h t h e p u r p o s e o f e i t h e r g e t t i n g a j o b o r p r o m o t i n g a p r o d u c t , i d e a . . . M a n y p e o p l e d o n o t k n o w h o w t o g i v e presentations and frequently make mistakes which can have a bad impact on their job. The aim of this workshop is to point out the most frequent mistakes and give some tips on making a presentation more successful. Firstly, the participants discuss what the common mistakes in giving a presentation they have seen. Then, some of them are mentioned. Mistakes can be classified into two groups:
Slide structure
Too much text
Spelling mistakes
Too small letters
Too many colours
Too many fonts and styles
Too many details
Too many distracting elements (sound, pictures...)
Presenters mistakes
Speaking too quietly
Speaking too fast
Avoiding eye contact
Reading slides
Time management not starting and finishing on time
Participants are given some exercises which contain mistakes in presentations (e.g. Hes already said that three times. Why is he yelling like that , The rooms not that big!). Also, one of students presentations is shown and participants have to give their comments about what they like and dont like.
It has to be pointed out that there are three stages in giving a presentation: beginning, the main part and the ending. The beginning and the ending are the most important parts since the attendees usually get distracted. The figure 1. shows the attention curve of the audience for an average presentation.
Figure 1. The attention curve for an average presentation
At this point, four question words have to be mentioned WHO, WHY, WHAT and HOW. The participants are asked what these words stand for and expected answers are: WHO is the presenter? WHY are we all here? WHAT is he/she going to talk about? HOW is he/she going to organise the presentation? After that the participants are given phrases from presentations and they have to decide if they belong to WHO, WHY, WHAT or HOW group. The examples of these phrases are: Let me introduce myself. I am... I am a.... My purpose today is to.... Ive divided my presentation into three main points. I would like to begin with....
The next step is talking about signposting. Participants are asked about some of the most frequent signposts. The video clip is shown and participants have to note down the examples of signposts. Also, a signpost game can be played a set of picture cards is given to participants. They are put face up on a table. At the back the phrase is written and a participant has to guess which phrase the picture represents. The example is given in a Figure 2.
Figure 2. Picture cards representing a signpost phrase (the first picture stands for to give you an overview and the second to point out)
The next stage is talking how to finish the presentation. Firstly, you have to pause briefly and signal clearly that you are ready to finish the presentation. Then, you have to make the summary and give a brief overview of what has already been said. The conclusion should be given and closing remarks like thanking the audience, asking for questions, giving handouts. The participants get a list of phrases and decide whether they are signals, summary, conclusion or closing remarks. The examples are: So, that completes my presentation. Ill briefly summarise the main issues. If you have any questions, Id be happy to answer them.
After that, the structure of the slide is discussed. The main things are that there should not be too many colours, not too many fonts and styles. The 6 x 7 rule should be followed which means no more than 6 lines per slide and no more than 7 words per line. The right size of the font can be estimated by standing at least 2 metres from the screen.
In the end, a brief summary of what has been said is given and one successful presentation is shown. If there is time, participants can discuss what they like about the presentation, which points are followed...
The abovementioned exercises can be used also with secondary school students since many of them have to give presentations, too.
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