Naslov
Influence of drainage and fertilization on nitrogen leaching

Autori
Šimunić, Ivan ; Mesić, Milan

Vrsta, podvrsta i kategorija rada
Poglavlja u knjigama, znanstveni

Knjiga
Impact of tillage and fertilization on probable climate threats in Hungary and Croatia, soil vulnerability and protection

Urednik/ci
Birkas, Marta ; Mesić, Milan

Izdavač
Szent István University Press

Grad
Godollo

Godina
2011

Raspon stranica
121-130

ISBN
978-963-269268-5

Ključne riječi
drainage, nitrate, precipitation, leaching, Gleyic Podzoluvisol

Sažetak
Out of the total nitrogen added into soil with mineral fertilizers, plants get about 50 %, about 25 % is immobilized in soil, and about 25 % is lost through leaching, denitrification and other mechanisms (Azem et al., 1985). From the ecological viewpoint, nitrogen has special importance because of its possible pollution of surface and ground waters. As nitrogen is predominantly leached in the form of nitrates since the soil does not adsorb ions, the hazard of environmental pollutions is generally to the nitrate form of nitrogen, and less to its ammonium and nitrite forms. Groundwater pollution by nitrates is an international problem (Roberts and Marsh, 1987 ; Meybeck et al., 1989 ; Weisenburger, 1991 ; Spalding and Exner, 1993 ; Zhang et al., 1996 ; Lerner et al., 1999 ; Wakida and Lerner, 2002). Excessive nitrate concentration in water may lead to eutrophication of watercourses or stock watering places. If such water is used for human consumption, it may cause methemoglobinemia in infants and animals (Pratt and Jury, 1984. Potential cancer risk from nitrate-N (and nitrite) in water and food has been reported (Rademaher et al., 1992 ; and Jasa et al., 1999). Therefore is the World Health Organization recommended that drinking water should contain less than 10 mg NO3-N L-1 or 50 mg NO3 L-1 (WHO, 1998). Leaching of nitrates from soil depends on a number of factors such as, the amount, frequency and intensity of precipitation, soil properties, crop type and crop development stage, evaporation, soil tillage practices, and nitrogen fertilization (Gausey, 1991 ; Vidacek et al., 1996, 1999 ; Josipovic et al., 2006 ; Nádasy and Nádasy, 2006 ; Németh, 2006 ; Nemcic et al., 2007 ; Mesic et al., 2007 and 2008 ; Simunic et al., 2002, 2011). The problem of nitrate leaching is even more pronounced in agro-ecosystems of hydroameliorated fields, especially in drained soils because of changed infiltration and filtration capabilities of these soils. Different drainpipe spacing and different nitrogen fertilization levels significantly influence soil productivity in the experimental area, but may lead to contamination of drainage water with nitrogen pollutants (Milburn and Richards, 1994 ; Klacic et al., 1998 ; Webster et al., 1999).

Izvorni jezik
Engleski

Znanstvena područja
Poljoprivreda (agronomija)

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