Naslov
Proučavanje genetske divergentnosti graška (Pisum sativum L.) na osnovi podrijetla, morfoloških i molekularnih markera
(Estimation of genetic diversity of pea (Pisum sativum L.) genotypes assessed by pedigree, morphological and molecular data)

Autori
Čupić, Tihomir

Vrsta, podvrsta i kategorija rada
Ocjenski radovi, doktorska disertacija

Fakultet
Agronomski fakultet Zagreb

Mjesto
Zagreb

Datum
30.06

Godina
2006

Stranica
93

Mentor
Kozumplik, Vinko

Neposredni voditelj
Popović, Svetislav

Ključne riječi
Pisum sativum L; genetska divergentnost; koeficijent srodstva; morfološka svojstva; agronomska svojstva; molekularni markeri
(Pisum sativum L:; genetska diversity; coancestry coefficients; morphologic traits; agronomic traits; molecular data)

Sažetak
U radu su istraživana četiri načina utvrđivanja genetske divergentnosti kultivara dva varijeteta graška (Pisum sativum var. sativum i var. arvense). Procjenjivana je udaljenost na osnovi podrijetla, morfoloških i agronomskih svojstava te SSR markera. Ciljevi su istraživanja bili: (1.) procijeniti genetsku divergentnost između 18 kultivara graška (11 varijeteta sativum i 7 varijeteta arvense) primjenom pedigrea, morfoloških, agronomskih svojstava i molekularnih markera, (2.) analizirati genetsku varijabilnost navedenih kultivara molekularnim markerima ; (3.) procijeniti uspješnost i odnos navedenih pristupa za procjenu genetske divergentnosti proučavane germplazme graška ; (4.) procijeniti kultivare tva dva varijeteta graška, koji mogu biti izvor genetske osnove za poboljšanje važnih svojstava oplemenjivanjem. Poljski pokus proveden je na lokaciji Osijek, tipu tla eutrični kambisol. Pokus je postavljen po shemi slučajnoga blok rasporeda u tri ponavljanja, u dvije godine istraživanja (2004. i 2005.). Veličina osnovne parcele bila je 9, 6 m2. Za svaki kultivar ispitivana su 3 seta od po 5 individua svake godine istraživanja. Podaci o podrijetlu istraživanih kultivara sezali su do 9 generacija predaka. U morfološku je analizu uvršteno 18 svojstava graška, dok je u analizu varijance agronomskih svojstva isto uvršteno 18 svojstava. SSR-PCR analize provedene su na 72 biljke s 26 primera. Statističke analize provedene su na osnovi pedigrea, morfoloških, agronomskih i molekularnih podataka. Statističke analize navedenih podataka izračunate su pomoću SAS 8.0, Arlequin 2.0, NTSYSpc 2.20b i PowerMarker V3.25 programa. Genetska udaljenost izračunata je za SSR podatke, agronomska i morfološka svojstva, a na osnovi pedigrea izračunat je koeficijent srodstva. Obavljene su analize skupina na osnovi kojih su sastavljeni dendrogrami i 2D PCoA prikazi. Na osnovi genetske udaljenosti za molekularne podatke obavljena je i analiza molekularne varijance (AMOVA). Unutar i između dva varijeteta istraživanih kultivara utvrđena je genetska divergentnost na sva četiri načina. SSR markeri pokazali su viši stupanj preciznosti u utvrđivanju divergentnosti u odnosu na ostale metode. SSR analizom utvrđena je veća varijabilnost unutar varijeteta nego između varijeteta. Najinteresantniji, kao oplemenjivačke germplazme, pokazali su se sativum kultivari Bohatyr, Baccara, Erbi i Jezero, a od arvense Poneka, NS Junior i JP-5.

Izvorni jezik
Hrvatski

Znanstvena područja
Poljoprivreda (agronomija)

Napomena
In this work, four different methods of genetic divergence estimation for cultivars (genotypes) of two pea varieties (Pisum sativum L. var. sativum and var. arvense) have been investigated. Divergence was analyzed on the basis of pedigree records, morphological and agronomical traits and SSR markers. The aims of this research were (1) to estimate the genetic divergence between 18 cultivars of peas ( 11 varieties of sativum and 7 arvense) by using the pedigree, morphological and agricultural traits and molecular markers, (2) to analyze the genetic variability of these cultures by using molecular markers, (3) to evaluate the achieved success and the relation between the mentioned approaches for estimating the genetic divergence of the studied germplasm of the pea, (4) to evaluate cultivars of these two varieties of peas, which can be the source of the genetic basis in improving important traits in breeding. The field experiment was conducted at the Osijek location, the type of ground was eutric cambisol. The experiment was set according to the scheme of RBD in three repeats, in two years of research (2004 and 2005). The size of the basic parcel was 9.6 m2 For every cultivar 3 sets of 5 plants were tested every year of research. The data about the pedigree of the researched cultivars dated back to the 9. generation of progenitors. Eighteen traits of peas were included in the morphological analysis, while in the analysis of the variance of agronomic traits, also 18 traits were included. The SSR-PCR analyses were conduct on 72 plants with 26 primers. The statistical analyses were conducted on the basis of pedigree, morphological, agronomical and molecular data. The statistical analyses data were performed in SAS 8.0, Arlequin 2.0, NTSYSpc 2.20b and PowerMarker V3.25 software. The genetic distance was calculated for SSR data, agronomical and morphological traits. The coefficient of parentage was calculated on the basis of pedigree. The analyses of groups were conducted on the basis of which the dendrogrames and 2D PcoA studies were developed. On the basis of genetic distance, a molecular variance analysis (AMOVA) was conducted for molecular data. Within and between the two varieties of the researched cultivars a genetic divergence in all of the four ways was discovered. Compared to other methods the SSR markers showed a higher level of accuracy in establishing divergence. A higher variability within the varieties than between the varieties was established with the SSR analysis. The most interesting, as breeding germplasm were sativum cultivars Bohatyr, Baccara, Erbi, Jezero and arvense Poneka, NS Junior and JP-5.

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