Naslov
Exposure of the stands and damage on forest wood products in war zones

Autori
Krpan, Ante ; Petreš, Stjepan

Vrsta, podvrsta i kategorija rada
Sažeci sa skupova, sažetak, znanstveni

Izvornik
Abstracts "Emerging harvesting issues in technology transition at the end of century" / Horvat, Dubravko - Zagreb : Šumarski fakultet Sveučilišta u Zagrebu, 1999, 91-92

Skup
IUFRO Division 3 Meeting, RGs: 3.04.00 Operational planning and control; work study, 3.06.00 Forest operations under mountainous conditions, 3.07.00 Ergonomics

Mjesto i datum
Opatija, Hrvatska, 27.09.1999. - 01.10.1999

Vrsta sudjelovanja
Predavanje

Vrsta recenzije
Međunarodna recenzija

Ključne riječi
war damage; tree injuries; log injuries; shell fragments

Sažetak
Indirect damage done to forests, wood and wildlife in Croatia during the period between 1991-1996 have been assessed at 3.868 billion DEM. The total direct damage done to forest land, forests, wildlife, buildings and equipment has been assessed at 249.2 million DEM. The Croatian wood industry has lost 1 billion DEM annually during the war years. This study shows the results of quantity research of damage done on trees in stands as well as logs which was caused by mines and other wartime devices. Tree damage On a surface of 1 ha out of the 241 trees 178 were injured which means 74.2%. Injuries of the trunk constitute 78.1%, injuries of the trunk and crown 19.1% and injuries of the crown 2.8%. Because of the depth of the fragments of shells and ammunition, injuries to the bark, sapwood and heartwood constitute 73.6% The rest are wounds to the bark and sapwood. The frequency of trunk wounds decreases with the distance from the ground. 54.7% of the wounds are located up to 2.5m above ground. 31.8% are at the height between 2.6 m and 5.0.m and 9.8 % wounds are at the height between 5.1, and 10 m. Only 1% of the wounds are located above 10 m. 89.2% of all wounds are those done to the bark up to the height of 5 m. The average surface of the wounds is 57,77 cm2. Damage to logs The assessment was done on 56 logs of common oak and 63 beech logs with a average length of 4.1m. The average volume was 0.36m3 for oak logs, and 0.53m3 for beech logs. The logs were selected from the storage of the Lipovljani sawmill. The largest number of wounds on a single log is 10. 82% of the oak logs had one to three wounds, and the same number was found on 71.4% of the beech logs. 133 metal objects were found in the oak logs 91.7% of which were shell fragments. The beech logs contained 185 metal objects 86.5% of which were shell fragments. The rest falls off on VBR balls and ammunition. The penetration depth of the shell fragments and ammunition on the oak logs ranges from 33.mm to 135 mm or an average of 71 mm. The penetration depth on the beech logs ranges from 10 mm to 150 mm – in average 49.6 mm. The direct loss from removing the fragments amounted to 1.1% of the total log volume. The most common reason the logs have to be declassified is fungus infection. Different levels of decay have been registered on 216 wounds. On 51 wounds only decoloration was noted. The financial loss caused by the log declassification total for both species 13.7%.

Izvorni jezik
Engleski

Znanstvena područja
Biotehnologija

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