Naslov
Classical swine fever-yesterday, today and tomorrow- the Croatian experience.

Autori
Jemeršić, Lorena

Vrsta, podvrsta i kategorija rada
Sažeci sa skupova, sažetak, ostalo

Izvornik
Proceedings of the Days of veterinary medicine 2010. / Veterinary faculty, Skopje - Skopje : Veterinary faculty, Skopje, 2010, 3-3

Skup
Days of veterinary medicine 2010.

Mjesto i datum
Ohrid, Sjeverna Makedonija, 28.10.2010. - 30.10.2010

Vrsta sudjelovanja
Plenarno

Vrsta recenzije
Međunarodna recenzija

Ključne riječi
classical swine fever; Croatia

Sažetak
Classical swine fever (CSF) is a highly contagious viral disease of the Suide family. Even though attempts to control and eradicate CSF such as the use of vaccines in some countries or a strict stamping out policy as in the European Union are implemented, outbreaks of the disease keep occurring and causing problems almost worldwide. The causative agent of CSF is a member of the genus Pestivirus within the family Flaviviridae. CSF virus is antigenically and genetically closely related to other members of the Pestivirus genus such as bovine viral diarrhea virus and border disease virus. The disease can develop as an acute, chronic or prenatal infection form, mostly depending on the virulence of the isolate, immune status of the animal, breed and age. Therefore, recognizing the disease is often more difficult than expected and requires thorough investigation and the use of modern laboratory techniques. Until end of 2004, Croatia has been implementing a vaccination policy to control the disease. From then on, the legislative for the control of CSF has been harmonized with the EU legislative and based on two documents: the Directive considering measures for the recognition, control and eradication of classical swine fever (OG 187/04) and the Diagnostic manual (OG 16/2005). Apart from the mentioned documents, to ensure preparedness of the country for a possible re-introduction of the virus, two National control programs have been developed and implemented jointly, by the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Rural Development of Croatia and the Croatian veterinary institute in Zagreb. One of the programs includes surveillance of domestic pigs, whereas the other is carried out for the surveillance of wild boars. From 1995, lots of effort and education has been invested into prompt and accurate diagnosis of CSF in Croatia. The Croatian veterinary institute, Laboratory for CSF, molecular virology and genetics in Zagreb is the National Referral Laboratory for the diagnosis of CSF and carries out all the testing due to the National Programs. It has been accredited in 2007 and participates in ILCT from 1999. The laboratory provides all modern methods for CSF diagnosis as well as education and training programs. According to the laboratory results from 1997 until 2004, two major genotypes of CSF virus have been identified in domestic pigs and wild boars from Croatia (genotype 2.1. and 2.3.). Genotype 2.1. was isolated during 1997 when an outbreak of CSF has appeared throughout Europe, mostly in Germany and the Netherlands. The isolate is not common for Europe and it is hypothesised that it was introduced from Far East into Europe. Isolates 2.3. have been recognized in wild boars and domestic pigs and are common in Central European countries and West European wild boars. After banding vaccination in Croatia, an outbreak of CSF appeared in 2006 and 2007. The isolates were clusters of CSF virus type 2.3., but genetically differed from the ones that have been isolated in previous years. The isolates were genetically related to some ‘’old isolates’’ from Western Europe and some recently identified isolates from Serbia and Bosnia and Herzegovina. The last confirmed cases of CSF were in 2008. However, implementations of strict control measures and surveillance programs have resulted in the absence of the virus since March 2008, even though a limited number of antibody positive wild boars are still present in two districts in Croatia. The data collected show that most of the positive animals originate from animals older than two years of age. Today, Croatia is CSF free in domestic pigs. However, surveillance programs and constant education of all involved in CSF control will be provided in the future as well. Therefore, even though CSF is a challenge for the veterinary service, it is also a reminder to be alert and prepared for all scenarios that contagious diseases may develop.

Izvorni jezik
Engleski

Znanstvena područja
Veterinarska medicina

POVEZANOST RADA