Naslov
Medieval Castles and the Formation of Settlements in Continental Croatia

Autori
Vukičević-Samaržija, Diana

Izvornik
Häuser, Hausblöcke, Strassen und Plätze in den mittelalterlichen Städten, Pecs, 1997.

Vrsta, podvrsta
Ostale vrste radova, ostalo

Godina
1997

Ključne riječi
Kontinentalna Hrvatska; gradovi; utvrde; prometnice; urbanizam; spomenici
(Continental Croatia; Towns; Fortifications; Roads; Urban Development; Monuments)

Sažetak
The legend about two hundred castles in Lika region represents continental Croatia as a land of fortifications. There were undoubtedly many castles, a lot of them have since disappeared. Only a small number survives, mostly in ruinous state. Their number in medieval period can be interpreted in connection with long-lasting tribal traditions in historic region of Croatia; the medieval Slavonia has developed social structures based on the feudal relations much earlier. Those fortifications of noblemen, chapters and monasteries didn"t have urban features, the suburban settlements appear only beside the biggest and the most important among them. The Episcopal seats Đakovo and Krbava (after its destruction the centre of the bishopric has been moved to Modruš) did not have any significant urban structure. The Zagreb Kaptol is the only surviving Episcopal centre today; it still shows the general features of its medieval spatial organisation. The bigger agglomerations - the towns that obtained the status of free towns - had different ethnic and professional structures and way of living. Those were the main prerequisites for the creation of urban space. The original urban tissues have unfortunately since then disappeared. We can only assume that the one of the principal reasons for that is the fact that the buildings were mostly of perishable materials, i.e. wood. The recent archaeological excavations on Gradec in Zagreb prove that point. Those urban tissues can be reconstructed, in some cases, starting from their present appearances in most cases the result of later building activity. From the point of view of urban form, we can see a refugee-town of an early age, the longitudinal type - trading post of 13th century emerging beside main roads or at their intersections, and, finally the settlements in which the castle and suburbia are united by the city walls of the 15th century. The archaeological results are very important, but the history of town-development can not be studied without knowledge of the oldest graphic sources, historic ground-plans and maps. In Slavonia a scholar must also pay attention to the more recent graphic sources, such as the map of boundaries between the lands of Zagreb Bishop and Varaždin generalate (unknown to the wider public) which shows precious ground plans of settlements in the area.

Izvorni jezik
Engleski

Znanstvena područja
Znanost o umjetnosti

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