Naslov
Hodočasničke medaljice iz Remeta
(Devotional pilgrim medals from Remete)

Autori
Mašić, Boris

Izvornik
Vjesnik Arheološkog muzeja u Zagrebu (0350-7165) 43 (2010); 205-226

Vrsta, podvrsta i kategorija rada
Radovi u časopisima, članak, znanstveni

Ključne riječi
Remete; groblje; svetačka medaljica; hodočašće; novi vijek
(Remete; cemetery; saints' medals; pilgrimage; modern age)

Sažetak
Devotional pilgrim medals from Remete During the archaeological excavations (2007-2009) conducted by the Zagreb City Museum near the church of the Blessed Virgin Mary in Remete near Zagreb, foundations of two earlier churches together with 282 graves were found. The most frequent movable archaeological finds were devotional medals (127). The majority of these medals depict the Virgin Mary and St Benedict or their characteristic attributes, while others depict numerous variants of Jesus and various saints and their attributes. This paper analyses only the medals for which an origin from a pilgrimage could be ascertained. These were mostly pilgrimages to Marian sanctuaries. If we take the number of pilgrim medals recovered as a statistically relevant sample – they account for less than 20% of the total number of medals recovered in Remete – we may conclude that 31.8% of the pilgrims went on a pilgrimage to Austria, with 27.3% to Germany and 9.1% to Slovakia and Poland, respectively (Chart 1). Out of the total number of Austrian pilgrims, 57.1% visited Mariazell (Chart 2), while out of the total number of German pilgrims, 50% visited Köln and 50% Bavarian sanctuaries (Chart 3). On the other hand, out of the total number of Remete pilgrims, 22.7% of them were from Italy (Chart 1) ; 40% from Rome, and 60% from Loreto (Chart 4). The high percentage of pilgrimages to Austria and Bavaria can be explained – besides their proximity – by the fact that in the early 17th c. the ruling families of Wittelsbach and Habsburg supported the Marian cult as a part of state policy. This certainly influenced the selection of pilgrimage destinations. On the other hand, these data confirm the importance of Mariazell, Köln, Loreto and Rome in the spiritual life of the pilgrims buried by the Remete church. This is understandable if we look at Mariazell in the context of the cultural and historical frame of the second half of the 17th and the 18th c. Köln, the Jerusalem of the north, with its relic of The Three Wise Men and Jesus’ clothing, brought from Hungary in the 13th c., as well as the relics kept in surrounding cities, Aachen, Mainz and Trier, was one of the most important destinations for pilgrimage, as confirmed by numerous historical sources. The fact that the majority of pilgrims chose Loreto over Rome is perhaps strange, but this can be explained by the fact that the period from which the medals originate is characterized by strong anti-Ottoman and counter-Reformation activities. The strongest advocate, leader and protector of these activities was the Virgin Mary of Loreto, especially after the Ottoman defeat at Lepanto in 1571, when Loreto became the leading European Marian sanctuary, and after the victory of the Catholic league over the Reformation army at Prague in 1620, after which her cult unstoppably spread over Central Europe.

Izvorni jezik
Hrvatski, engleski

Znanstvena područja
Arheologija

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