Naslov
Activities on Vitis Genbank in Croatia

Autori
Maletić, E. ; Pejić I. ; Karoglan Kontić, J.

Vrsta, podvrsta i kategorija rada
Radovi u zbornicima skupova, cjeloviti rad (in extenso), znanstveni

Izvornik
Report of a Working Group on Vitis / Maul, E. ; J.E. Eiras Dias ; H. Kaserer ; T. Lacombe ; J.M. Ortiz ; A. Schneider ; L. Maggioni ; E. Lipman - Rim : Bioversity International, 2008, 60-68

ISBN
978-92-9043-778-9

Skup
First Meeting of a Working Group on Vitis - Bioversity International

Mjesto i datum
Palić, Srbija, 12.06.2003. - 14.06.2003

Vrsta sudjelovanja
Predavanje

Vrsta recenzije
Međunarodna recenzija

Ključne riječi
V. vinifera; native cultivars

Sažetak
Until now we have been thoroughly exploring the Croatian vine-growing regions in order to locate all the remaining native cultivars, paying special attention to the Dalmatian region. In Dalmatia, viticulture and winemaking are based mainly on native cultivars, which make up more than 85% of all cultivars growing in the region. Croatia’ s continental region mainly grows introduced cultivars, originating from Western Europe (‘ Welsch Riesling’ , ‘ Riesling’ , ‘ Sauvignon blanc’ , ‘ Chardonnay’ , ‘ Cabernet Sauvignon’ , ‘ Traminer’ , etc.), and there are only a few cultivars considered indigenous. The situation in Dalmatia was caused by the isolation and remoteness of the region from the rest of Croatia. The geographic separation has had a profound impact on viticulture, and as a consequence, the cultivars developed there remain locally specific and differ from the rest of those in Europe. Our work shows that it is still possible to find large numbers of native cultivars in Croatia, many more than we expected when initiating this study. However, many of the cultivars have no economic importance, and some are endangered, with only a few stocks left in old mixed vineyards. By exploring and working in these neglected vineyards, we provide what may be a last chance for saving a valuable natural heritage which would otherwise be lost ; and this work needs to be done with a sense of its urgency. Every identified cultivar which we considered to be native has been assigned a unique number. In order to preserve them, they were planted in a collection in 2001 at the Experimental Station “ Jazbina” , which serves for viticulture and oenology research at the Faculty of Agriculture in Zagreb. We planted rootstocks at the collection site (Berlandieri x Riparia SO4) and each year a certain number of genotypes are green-grafted. Every genotype is represented in the collection with six vines, which originated from previously documented and ampelographically determined mother stocks. In order to avoid possible mistakes, as well as unforeseen variables within the cultivar, cuttings are collected from single vines whenever possible. Despite the ever-present issues of damage caused by low winter temperatures and drought, to date we have managed to collect and graft more than 70 cultivars in the collection. We are hoping to establish all the indigenous cultivars in our collection at the end of this project, and we plan to establish another one or two collections in coastal regions where it will be possible to carry out other research programmes, such as economic evaluations. Upon completion of the project, it is our intention to achieve the preservation of the existing genetic diversity of grapevines in Croatia ; this is of the utmost importance, especially for endangered genotypes. Thus far, more than 40 cultivars have been described using OIV descriptors (OIV 1983), and we have taken photographs of about 130 cultivars – shoot tip, mature leaf and cluster. Furthermore, genetic analyses of 57 cultivars have been completed. Comparisons of genetic profiles of the most analyzed cultivars with data from two big Vitis databases (UC Davis and ZAG) proves their genetic uniqueness and their status as indigenous cultivars. In some cases their Croatian origins were further supported by the parentage analysis results. Specifically, in the population of analyzed cultivars we have been able to find parents of the two most economically important cultivars from the Primorska Hrvatska region, ‘ Pošip’ and ‘ Plavac mali’ (Pejić et al. 2000 ; Piljac et al. 2002). DNA markers have been useful in determining cultivars with the same genotype and different names (synonyms), and in one case we also solved a supposed homonymy. For some Istrian cultivars, which were considered to be indigenous (‘ Teran bijeli’ and ‘ Muškat ruža porečki’ ), we found they had the same profile as some foreign cultivars. In the case of ‘ Hrvatica’ and ‘ Croatina’ , which it was suggested might be the same cultivar, genetic analysis has shown that they are in fact two distinct cultivars (Maletić et al. 1999). All ampelographic and genetic data of the analyzed cultivars, together with their photos, will be placed into an Internet-accessible electronic database.

Izvorni jezik
Engleski

Znanstvena područja
Poljoprivreda (agronomija)

POVEZANOST RADA