Naslov
Bibliographic issues: developments and trends

Autori
Willer, Mirna

Vrsta, podvrsta i kategorija rada
Radovi u zbornicima skupova, cjeloviti rad (in extenso), znanstveni

Izvornik
LIDA: Libraries in the Digital Age, May 25 – 30 2009, Dubrovnik – Zadar / - Dubrovnik : Zadar : Inter-University Center ; University of Zadar, 2009, 201-203

Skup
LIDA: Libraries in the Digital Age

Mjesto i datum
Zadar, Hrvatska; Dubrovnik, Hrvatska, 25.05.2009. - 30.05.2009

Vrsta sudjelovanja
Pozvano predavanje

Vrsta recenzije
Međunarodna recenzija

Ključne riječi
Bibliographic issues; Dublin Core; FRBR; FRAD; ICP; information organization; data organization

Sažetak
The developments and research in bibliographic issues before, and during the nine years of LIDA conferences are described first. These are the emergence of theconcept of metadata - Dublin Core in particular, conceptual models FRBR and Frad, and new international cataloguing principles. The major part of the paper gives a review of topics pressented ath the nine LIDA conferences, and shows that the mentioned trends, are followed.

Izvorni jezik
Engleski

Znanstvena područja
Informacijske i komunikacijske znanosti

Napomena
LIDA: Libraries in the Digital Age Dubrovnik - Zadar, 25 – 30 May 2009 Session II: Bibliographic Issues Zadar, Friday, 29 May 2009 Bibliographic Issues Developments and Trends Mirna Willer University of Zadar, Croatia At the year of the first LIDA conference in 2000, the r-evolution in the field of bibliographic control had already started. 1995 saw the first of the Dublin Core Workshop Series (http://dublincore.org/workshops/dc1/) entitled OCLC/NCSA Metadata Workshop: The Essential Elements of Network Object Description, and organized under the auspices of the OCLC Online Computer Library Center Office of Research and The National Center for Supercomputing Applications. The workshop introduced the (new) concept of bibliographic data – metadata into the library community, but primarily provided an open space for theoretical and practical co-operation among experts from information-based, heritage and other related communities. Another year – 1998 saw the publication of a new conceptual model for bibliographic data as an outcome of eight years of intensive work of international experts gathered by IFLA. FRBR: Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (http://www.ifla.org/files/cataloguing/frbr/frbr_2008.pdf) was a radical departure from the traditional concept and representation of bibliographic data – a linear one, of the international standard bibliographic description (ISBD), and its implementation in national cataloguing rules and WebPAC displays. Bibliographic data in this document are represented following entity-relationship model, adopting the methodology used in the development of conceptual models for relational database systems. Within such a model, the relationship between individual bibliographic data elements and the needs of the user were re-examined, and put in relation to the tasks performed by users when searching library catalogues and similar bibliographic tools. Without exaggeration, one can say that FRBR has now become a mass movement that passed the boundaries of library community! Let us examine briefly to what extant have LIDA conferences reacted to such developments. Two contributions to the issues of bilbiographic control were presented at the first LIDA conference in 2000. The first one was G. Dunsire's presentation on Acquiring Content from Internet: Access and Interoperability Issues in Networked Cataloguing (Gordon Dunshire [sic.], Centre for Digital Library Research, Strathclyde University, Glasgow, UK ). Dunsire presented „ a number of issues [that] affect the efficiency and effectiveness of access to networked electronic information resources, and the interoperability of networked metadata and catalogue records associated with non-networked or non-electronic resources… including adaptation of the MARC standard, the role of Dublin Core, non-standard legacy data, and index mapping and record display problems” . The second one was a workshop on the linked bibliographic and authority files (“ full-featured bibliographic system” : Svenonius) on the example of cataloguing electronic resources following national implementation of IFLA UNIMARC formats and national cataloguing rules by S. Klarin and M. Willer from Croatian National Library. In 2001, there was a presentation which I would like to mention here because of the lack of any reference to metadata or bibliographic issues as such: it was Professor Tefko Saracevic’ s What is a 'collection' in digital libraries? I would have expected in this thorough analysis the “ collection” to be positioned in relation to “ metadata” as its exclusive representation. I am not criticizing, I am just drawing our attention to a wide divide between the fields of information retrieval and (universal) bibliographic control: the first one has lost interest in the structures of bibliographic data, while the latter has stopped emphasizing its core aim: bibliographic data is designed to answer user needs (query) (& to educate him/her: Svenonius). FRBR seems to provide fertile space for bridging that divide! At the same conference a workshop was held linking metadata, electronic digital objects and publishing community by a Croatian-Scottish team Sofija Klarin, Sonja Pigac, Damir Pavelic, Paul Cunnea under the title Metadata on the Word Wide Web: An Analysis of Croatian Electronic Publishing. The third LIDA conference held in 2003 could be said to be the conference on bibliographic issues. In her presentation Automating & Evaluating Metadata Generation (Metadata: Generation and evaluation) E. D. Liddy from Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA draw together Semantic Web and metadata, and described three current metadata research and development projects. She pointed out that metadata and Semantic Web are not two opposing concepts, but on the contrary ; they “ seek same goals ; use standards & crosswalks between schema ; look for comprehensive, well-understood, well-used sets of terms for describing content of information resources ; and enable mutual sharing, accessing, and reuse of information resources” . G. Dunsire organized a workshop (A. Collection level description) to introduce new concepts of organizing information – collection level description and “ landscaping” created by M. Heaney in his study An Analytical Model of Collections and their Catalogues published in 2000 (http://www.ukoln.ac.uk/metadata/rslp/model/amcc-v31.pdf). The model has since attracted wide range of interest and proved to be useful in describing different types of collections, from old books to digital and hybrid ones, and in helping provide new services to access them. Dunsire also reported on one of the first implementations of the model in his presentation on Development of a Relational Database Schema for Collection-Level Descriptions in SCONE, the Scottish Collections Network. LIDA 2003 was the opportune moment to invite international experts in the name authority control: namely, prior to the conference, Zagreb National Library hosted the meeting of IFLA’ s Working Group on Functional Requirements And Numbering of Authority Records (FRANAR). The Group was established in 1999 with the main goal to design a conceptual model for authority data that would correspond to the FRBR model. T. Delsey (Ottawa, Canada), consultant to this as well as to the FRBR working group, elaborated his answer to the problem which had been pressing for decades the international library community in his talk on Authority records in a networked environment. With the publication of this new model, Functional Requirements for Authority Data: A Conceptual Model (FRAD ; 2009), IFLA has abandoned the concept established by its programme of Universal Bibliographic Control, and Delsey’ s scenario for an international authority data control system could be considered today as belonging to the bygone times. However, the complexity of the bibliographic universe and of authority control procedures depicted in the presentation should make us aware that the implementation of newly developed technologies like Semantic Web and RDF schemas to share, re-use and retrieve data (Dunsire, http://cdlr.strath.ac.uk/pubs/dunsireg/akm2008semanticweb.pdf) would not get us rid of them. A full day post-conference workshop prepared by T. Delsey (Research Consultant, Ottawa, Canada), T. Katic, S. Klarin, M. Willer (National and University Library, Zagreb Croatia) and E. Murtomaa (National Library, Finland) aimed at bringing together the latest developments in the field, and at presenting implementation of the newly developed models on rare book and digitized resource cataloguing. The title of the workshop was FRBR and FRANAR: Models for a New Conceptualisation of Bibliographic Control and you can find ppts at [1][2][3][4]. LIDA 2005 hosted two presentations of digital web archives in which bibliographic control of web resources was mentioned as part of technical processing within the library system integrated with digital archive. Archiving of Croatian official documents was presented by M. Bjelić, J. Plavac and D. Popović (HIDRA, Croatia) in The Archive of Network Resources – Collection, selection, processing and storage of documents acquired from the official websites of the public authority bodies of the Republic of Croatia, while archiving of legal deposit web resources was presented in a workshop prepared by T. Buzina, S. Pigac, M. Willer (National and University Library, Zagreb, Croatia) and M. Milinović, N. Topolšćak (University Computing Centre – SRCE, Croatia) and entitled Towards the hybrid library integrating information library system and digital archive issues in archiving web resources for a National Library and beyond. D. Nicholson (Centre for Digital Library Research, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland) introduced still another interesting topic related to metadata. In Managing the Virtual Future in a National Park: MoPark, METS and More Nicholson described the work on defining metadata within the international Mobility and National Parks Project (MoPark ; http://www.mopark.net/). The key focus of the project, and therefore requirements on metadata design was “ the creation of complex digital composites called ‘ interpretive journeys’ – multimedia presentations designed for handheld computers that will interactively interpret guided tours around parts of the Park for visitors using video and audio clips, still images, games and animations to tell the story of the Park’ s landscape, history, culture, and Flora and Fauna – interpreting our heritage in a digital age” . LIDA 2007 was the return to bibliographic issues in the focus of this overview. J. Pisanski (National and University Library, Ljubljana, Slovenia) and M. Žumer (University of Ljubljana, Slovenia) based their presentation of Mental Models and the Bibliographic Universe on FRBR and draw attention to the need of more user studies related to that model. LIDA 2009 presentation on the analysis of WebPACs Library Catalogue: the Ultimate Reference Tool? by T. Merčun and M. Žumer (University of Ljubljana, Slovenia) (see full text in the proceedings) should not be left unmentioned because of its methodology and interesting findings. In conclusion: nine LIDA conferences have covered the main developments and trends in the field of bibliographic control or organization of information, and showed some interesting implementations. I should not finish this overview without mentioning the guest of honor of the LIDA 2007 conference Professor Christine Borgman (UCLA, CA, USA). Professor Borgman gave a talk on her second book published that year by MIT Press Scholarship in the Digital Age: Information, Infrastructure, and the Internet. By that book she sets a new challenge in front of librarians and information scientists – organization of research data: „ Data have become an important form of research capital, enabling new questions to be asked by leveraging extant resources“ , however „ no social framework for data exists that is comparable to that for publishing“ . References: Borgman, Christine L. Scholarship in the Digital Age: Information, Infrastructure, and the Internet. Cambridge, Mass. ; London: The MIT Press, 2007. Dunsire, G. The Semantic Web and expert metadata: Pull apart then bring together: Presented at Archives, Libraries, Museums 12 (AKM12), Poreč, Croatia, 2008. (Retrieved March 25, 2009). Available at: http://cdlr.strath.ac.uk/pubs/dunsireg/akm2008semanticweb.pdf Svenonius, E. The intellectual foundation of information organization. Cambridge, MA & London, England: The MIT Press, 2000.

POVEZANOST RADA