Naslov
Percutaneous Absorption of Neat and Water Solutions of 2-Butoxyethanol in Man

Autori
Kezic, Sanja ; Mohammadi, Nadira ; Jakasa, Ivone ; Kruse, Jacob ; Monster, Aart C ; Verberk, Maarten M

Vrsta, podvrsta i kategorija rada
Sažeci sa skupova, sažetak, znanstveni

Skup
10. International Conference On Occupational And Environmental Exposures of Skin To Chemicals

Mjesto i datum
Sjedinjene Američke Države, 08.09.2002. - 11.09.2002

Vrsta sudjelovanja
Poster

Vrsta recenzije
Međunarodna recenzija

Ključne riječi
Percutaneous Absorption; butoxyethanol; biological monitoring

Sažetak
Aims To determine percutaneous absorption of 2-butoxyethanol (BE) dermally applied as a neat liquid and in 50 and 90 % solutions. Methods Six male volunteers were dermally exposed for 4 hr on the volar forearm over an area of 40 cm &sup2 ; . An inhalation exposure with a known input rate served as a reference. Dermal absorption was assessed for each individual from the concentration courses of BE in blood and butoxyacetic acid in urine, measured after both inhalation and dermal exposure. The Medical Ethics Committee of the Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam approved the experimental protocol. Each subject signed an informed consent form. Results The amount of BE that was absorbed after skin exposure to 50 and 90 % BE was one order of magnitude higher than that of neat BE. The average absorption rate of 50 % BE amounted to 0.8 mg/cm &sup2 ; /hr. Inter-individual differences in dermal absorption rates of 50 % BE were moderate, the coefficient of variation (CV) amounted to 30 %. This was significantly lower than the variation previously reported for neat BE (Johanson et al 1988). Conclusions Dermal uptake of BE increases in the presence of water. This has already been reported in vivo in guinea pigs (Johanson et al 1988) and in vitro studies with human skin, however this is the first time that it has been shown also in humans in vivo. These findings should therefore be considered in the health risk assessment of occupational dermal exposure to BE where water-based products containing glycol ethers are used. Comparing the dermal uptake with the respiratory uptake at the occupational exposure limit (OEL, currently 100 mg/m &sup3 ; ), BE showed substantial skin absorption. Assuming 60 min skin contact of both hands (skin area of about 1000 cm &sup2 ; ) with 50 % BE, dermal uptake would equal the pulmonary uptake of the 8-hr occupational exposure. Therefore, in monitoring exposure at the work place, biological monitoring (BM) is to be preferred over environmental monitoring. For the purpose of BM, both BE in blood or BAA in urine can be used.

Izvorni jezik
Engleski

POVEZANOST RADA