Naslov
Copper in vineyard soils of Primošten wine-growing location

Autori
Vitanović, Elda ; Vidaček, Željko ; Katalinić, Miro, Kačić, Sonja ; Miloš, Boško

Vrsta, podvrsta i kategorija rada
Radovi u zbornicima skupova, cjeloviti rad (in extenso), znanstveni

Izvornik
XV International Symposium Proceedings / - , 2007, 472-480

ISBN
978-953-7296-01-8

Skup
XV International Symposium GESCO 2007

Mjesto i datum
Poreč, Hrvatska, 20.06.2007. - 23.06.2007

Vrsta sudjelovanja
Poster

Vrsta recenzije
Međunarodna recenzija

Ključne riječi
heavy metals; copper; copper fungicides; vineyard soils; contaminated soils

Sažetak
Heavy metals, although frequently in trace amounts only, are the basic indicator of pollution, both of soil and groundwater. Agricultural soils are particularly exposed to excessive pollution by heavy metals, the reasons being industrial plants, heating plants, traffic, households and anthropogenic impact. The anthropogenic impact is especially conspicuous in vine-growing soils, orchards and private plots. Due to frequent occurrence of vine diseases, such as downy mildew, Plasmopara viticola (Berkely et Curtis) Berlese et de Toni, and phomopsis cane and leaf spot, Phomopsis viticola (Sacc.) Sacc, copper fungicides have been in use in vine-growing for years a number of times per annum. Long-term use of copper fungicides causes increased accumulation of total copper in the surface layer of soil. Many an author has researched the anthropogenic influx of copper in vine-growing soils, which can result in environmental risks (Gračanin, 1947 ; Delas, 1963 ; Stevenson, 1986 ; Temminghoff et al., 1994 ; Flores Velez, 1996 ; Besnard et al., 2001. ; Romić Marija et al., 2001 ; Brun et al., 2003). This research had the following objectives: to determine the impact of copper fungicide use on accumulation of total copper in the surface layer of vine-growing soils of the Primošten vineyards ; to compare them with its concentrations in forest soils ; and, with respect to the existing situation, to assess the possibility of switching over to environmental production. The vineyards are located in the littoral south-east from Šibenik. They are distinguished for growing of the autochthonous variety of Babić, one of the most significant Croatian vine varieties, which is the basis for production of top-quality wine. For reasons of their attractiveness, the vineyards of the Bucavac vine-growing location were selected (43o56'N, 16o94'E). Sampling was made in vineyards with characteristic anthropogenic soils of terraces on cretaceous limestones. These soils are specific insofar as tillage includes the whole active profile of soil, which is ordinarily very shallow and exceeds 60 cm only in cracks among rocks. A characteristic of these soils is a shallow A-horizon of small-grained soil, located above the parent material. This parent material is only slightly weathered, mostly along respective cracks containing small-grained soil. The parent material is usually limestone. The external morphology of these soils is specific, particularly the boundary walls, which contain a high proportion of the total soil surface (Maleš et al., 1976). Sampling was carried out in five representative vineyards, as well as in three test areas (forest soils). Each of the soil samples was then placed under physical and chemical analyses. In addition, a survey method was carried out among local wine-growers. For this purpose, a questionnaire with ten open questions was made. Concentrations of total copper in the vine-growing soils under research range from 138.79 mg/kg to 625.79 mg/kg, and in the soils of the test areas from 45.94 mg/kg to 140.01 mg/kg. Statistical data-processing yielded a considerable variance in concentrations of total copper between the vine-growing and test area soils. The determined concentrations of this metal are significantly higher in vine-growing (anthropogenic) soils. According to the survey results, 4.20 kg/ha of copper is introduced into these vineyards each vegetative year through treatment of the vine with copper fungicides. All the researched anthropogenic soils of terraces on cretaceous limestones are deemed as polluted with copper, in accordance with the “ By-laws on Protection of Cultivated Land from Pollution by Hazardous Substances” (National Gazette No. 15/1992). Considering the average concentrations of the metal under research, these vineyards are polluted with copper (So=2.88), according to Bašić (1994). Switching over to environmental production in researched vineyards is not possible, considering the obtained results. The results of this research are a contribution to the inventory of heavy metals in vine-growing soils of North Dalmatia.

Izvorni jezik
Engleski

Znanstvena područja
Poljoprivreda (agronomija)

POVEZANOST RADA