Naslov
Parasimpatolitici i drugi spazmolitici
(Parasympatholytics and other spasmolytics)

Autori
Zorc, Branka ; Šoronda, Sanja

Izvornik
Farmaceutski glasnik (0014-8202) 55 (1999), 7-8; 281-290

Vrsta, podvrsta i kategorija rada
Radovi u časopisima, članak, stručni

Ključne riječi
parasimpatolitici; spazmolitici
(parasympatholytics; spasmolytics)

Sažetak
Parasympatholytics or anticholinergics are drugs which inhibit parasympathicus. Very important parasympatholytics are neurotropic spasmolytics which are antagonists of the muscarinic cholinergic receptors. They bind to the muscarinic receptors but do not switch them on so they prevent acetylcholine from exerting its usual action on the receptor cells. Their clinical effects are reduction of saliva, sweat, gastric, intestinal, nasal, bronchial and lachrymal secretions, reduction of the motility of the gastrointestinal and the urinary tracts by relaxing smooth muscles and dilatation of eye pupils. Their clinical uses are: shutting down the gastrointestinal and urinary tract during surgery, ophthalmic examinations, relief of peptic ulcers and treatment of Parkinson's disease. The first muscarinic antagonists were alkaloids of the plant species Solanaceae (atropine, homatropine, scopolamine). Structural analogues based on atropine include a large variety of active antagonists (N-butylscopolamine bromide, ipratropium bromide, oxitropium bromide, trospium chloride, tropine benzylate, tropicamide). The most important parasympatholytic agents with other chemical structures are tridihexethyl bromide, propantheline chloride, metantheline bromide, and pirenzepine. Some of these drugs show partial selectivity for specific organs. This selectivity of action owes more to the distribution properties of the drug than to receptor selectivity. Smooth muscles can be relaxed independently from autonomic innervation. Drugs which act in this way are called musculotropic spasmolytics or papaverine-like spasmolytics after the lead compound. The other drugs from this group are etaverine and moxaverine. Neurotropic-musculotropic spasmolytics include compounds similar to atropine as well as papaverine in their pharmacological properties (camylofin, drofenine, oxybutynin and mebeverine).

Izvorni jezik
Hrvatski

Znanstvena područja
Kemija

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