ࡱ> q` sbjbjqPqP 0::Vllll$2228N2b3d K33333333K K K K K K K$oMhO.KQ33333.K33K:::333K:3K::rDT\E 33 !&Ï27DJ\K0KDzYP7YPhEYPhED:333.K.KZ9~333K3333 #-$ -r INTERREG IIIB CADSES Programme; VILLAS project Compatible reuse of historic buildings as a tool for a creative management of historic cities INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE; Corfu Greece; 27th - 30th July 2006. Cultural heritage use compatibility with sustainable development of the urban region: Dubrovnik, Croatia Model analysis of the sustainability features of the region system AUTHOR M.Sc. Krunoslav mit, architect INTRODUCTION Dubrovnik is the urban center of the southeastern most region of Croatia, the region lying on the Adriatic coast between the delta of the river Neretva and the Prevlaka peninsula. Research into the Dubrovnik region was prompted by the regions development problems and preservation of its cultural heritage. SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT Preservation of the regions cultural heritage is ensured through the development planning compatible with the principles of sustainability. This has been built into the legal norms regulating spatial and urban plans. Sustainable development principles have been laid out in the strategic document of the United Nations called Agenda 21. In this declaration a series of coordinated activities have been proposed to make development economically, socially and ecologically sustainable. Sustainable development, as promoted in Agenda 21, is based on the coordination between economic growth on the one side and use of eco systems and resources on the other. The attempt is being made to adjust the peoples standard of living to the capacities of the natural environment without exhausting natural resources their quality and level of usability remain unaltered for future generations. Agenda 21 defined the principles of sustainable development: environment, future, quality of life, fairness, preparedness and comprehensive thinking.  1. Physical endurance of environment is a measure for assessing the possibility of exploiting natural resources as well as the intensity of human activity the aim is to preserve natural environment at the level needed to support and sustain humankind in the future as well. 2. The intent is to preserve the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. 3. In addition to material, the quality of life is ensured also through social, cultural, moral and spiritual values. 4. The intent is to ensure fair distribution of wealth, opportunities and social responsibility among states but also among different social groups within each state. Needs and rights of the poor are protected regardless of the reason which placed them in an underprivileged position. 5. Protection from negative impacts of certain actions and events on the environment is ensured through preparedness for such occurences, including the so called safe mistakes which do no harm to the enrvironment. 6. The intent is to solve the complex issue of sustainability by including all factors affecting the problem into its solving. However, in the Dubrovnik urban region, cultural heritage use compatibility with the principles of sustainable development has not yet been valorized. HYPOTHESIS AND GOAL The features of sustainability and the role of cultural heritage in the development of the Dubrovnik urban region were assessed by proposing two hypotheses. Research goals were achieved by confirming the two hypotheses. HYPOTHESIS 1 By developing a structural-functional model it is possible to show and valorize the organization of the Dubrovnik urban region. GOAL 1 To develop and assess a structural-functional model of the Dubrovnik urban region organization. HYPOTHESIS 2 It is possible to develop a valorization method that would show the role played by cultural heritage in the sustainable development of the region. GOAL 2 To establish the role of cultural heritage in achieving sustainable region organization by applying this method. METHOD Two methods have been developed and applied: 1. Method for the development of a structural-functional model of the region organization, and 2. Method for valorization of features of the region organization. METHOD FOR DEVELOPMENT OF THE STRUCTURAL-FUNCTIONAL MODEL OF REGION organization The method for the development of the structural-functional model of the region organization consists of: - the development of the structural, and - the development of the functional organization. A. Development of the structural model of organization The organizational model of an urban region has the following structural components: construction, infrastructure, landscape, tourism and industry. In order to develop a model, data from cartographic and other sources is collected. Components of the region are identified from these sources and built in the model. Results are presented in the form of separate thematic maps of individual components or maps of all components integrally. B. Development of the functional organizational model In the structural model the first step is identification of functional components of a region. Next, groups of components are identified. Then linear groups of components and last spatial units. Results of the functional model are also presented in the form of thematic maps with integral or individual functional components. THE METHOD FOR THE VALORIZAtion of THE region organization features The method for valorization of the features of urban region organization comprises: - absolute valorization, - relative valorization, and - assessment of structural-functional organization. A. Absolute valorization Absolute valorization of the structural-functional model comprises development of a model of sustainable development factors and absolute valorization of features with an assessment of urban region organization. Development of a model of sustainable development factors begins with an analysis of two groups of indicators. The first group is comprised of indicators which restrict the use of region components. They include indicators of restricted use of construction, infrastructure, landscape and industry. The second group is comprised of indicators of sustainability of the regions organization. These include indicators of integral functional system, decentralization, common development direction and local development. Indicators are analyzed within groups of indicators and within regional spatial units. Features of these indicators are incorporated into the model of sustainable development factors. They are presented in the form of thematic maps highlighting either individual factors or showing all factors. Results are, furthermore, systematized in the form of tables. Tables with a numeric presentation of the features of the region organization compatible with the principles of sustainable development are being constructed. Absolute valorization assesses deviations from the ideal region organized according to the principles of sustainable development. The coefficient used for valorization is A-KOOR. This coefficient is calculated individually and overall for all factors: construction, infrastructure, landscape, industry, integral functional system, decentralization, common development direction, local development and urban region. A-KOOR takes the form of a decimal number ranging between 0 do 1. B. Relative valorization Relative valorization of the structural-functional model is comprised of the development of a model of sustainable development factors, calculation of the A-KOOR coefficient and relative valorization of features with assessment of the region organization. Relative valorization assesses deviations of the researched region from the real region. Real region is a representative sample of comparable regions. Regions sample is chosen by comparability criteria immediate, local and global environment. For all regions comprising the sample organization model and model of sustainable development factors are developed and the A-KOOR coefficent calculated. Values are systematically presented in tables and a mean value calculated. A mean value is the A-KOOR of the real region. A-KOOR of the researched and real region is then analysed, resulting in R-KOOR. R-KOOR takes the form of a decimal number between -1 and 1. C. Assessment of the structural-functional organization Assessment of features of the structural-functional organization of an urban region comprises absolute and relative assessment. Absolute valorization results in an A-KOOR coefficient, whereas relative valorization gives an R-KOOR coefficient. A-KOOR and R-KOOR values are then entered into a table and the final result is KOOR. KOOR = A-KOOR (R-KOOR) RESULT Research results show features and assessment of the structural-functional organization of the Dubrovnik urban region (Croatia) (town: 50,000 inhabitants / region: 130,000 inhabitants). Representative sample of comparable regions comprises the following urban regions: Ibiza - Spain (island: 100,000 inhabitants), Cannes France (town: 70,000 inhabitants), San Remo - Italy (town: 50,000 inhabitants) and Rhodes - Greece (town: 40,000 inhabitants/island: 160,000 inhabitants). R1/ Assessment of restricted usage of components of the Dubrovnik urban region R1-1/ KOOR of construction: 0.5(0) R1-2/ KOOR of infrastructure: 0.3(-0.1) R1-3/ KOOR of landscape: 0.1(-0.1) R1-4/ KOOR of industry: 0(-0.1) When compared to the comparable regions, the Dubrovnik region has: - an equal percentage of restricted construction, and - 10% less restrictions in the use of infrastructure, landscape and industry. R2/ Assessment of the Dubrovnik urban region system sustainability R2-1/ KOOR of the integral functional system: 0.8(+0.3) R3-2/ KOOR of decentralization: 0(-0.4) R3-3/ KOOR of common development direction: 0(-0.5) R3-4/ KOOR of local development: 0(-0.1) When compared to the comparable regions, the Dubrovnik region has: - 30% more features of integral functional system, - 40% less features of decentralization, - 50% less features of common development direction, and - 10% less features of local development. R3/ Assessment of the structural-functional organization of the Dubrovnik urban region R3-1/ KOOR of Dubrovnik: 0.2(-0.1) The percentage of features in accordance with sustainable development in the Dubrovnik region is 20%, which is 10% less than the value recorded for the sample of comparable regions. ANALYSIS A1/ THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CULTURAL HERITAGE AND TOURISM COMPONENTS The research subject is the cultural heritage which, in the development of a region, falls under the category of active tourism offer. These cultural heritage items are built into the region model as structural-functional components of tourism. They are presented in the form of individual destinations, tourist routes and areas with tourism offer. They are detected in guide books. Tourism offer which is not advertised does not represent the real situation, rather a desired one. Therefore, the role of cultural heritage is examined indirectly, via tourism. A2/ THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN RESTRICTed USAGE AND SYSTEM SUSTAINABILITY Two types of indicators of sustainable development are used in the structural-functional region model. The first type comprises indicators of restricted usage, the second indicators of system sustainability. Sustainable development can be achieved by preserving current features of the region and restricing their usage. The region model is therefore analyzed for the occurrence of elements responsible for restricted usage of construction, infrastructure, landscape and industry. Sustainable development can also be achieved through a system in which there is sustainable relationships between geographical units of the region. The model is analyzed for the following system sustainability features: integral functional system, decentralization, common development direction and local development. A particular focus in the research was given to an analysis of the role of cultural heritage in achieving a sustainable region system. A3/ THE ROLE OF CULTURAL HERITAGE IN FORMING GROUPINGS Cultural heritage plays a role in forming groupings which form linear groups of functions. The relationship between these linear groups and spatial units is an indicator of system sustainability. The following relationships are analyzed: 1. number of tourism components / number of all components (all components are analyzed) - Dubrovnik: 0.40(+0.16); 2. number of groupings with tourism components / number of all components (all components are analyzed) - Dubrovnik: 0.30(-0.21); and 3. number of tourism components / number of all components in groupings with restricted usage (analysis of groupings indicators of restricted usage) - Dubrovnik: 2(-5). Tourism industry constitutes 40% of the regions components, 16% more than in comparable regions. Groupings with tourism constitute 30% of all groupings, or 21% less than in comparable regions. Tourism affects two times as many components of the region, however, in comparable regions its 7 times. A4/ THE ROLE OF CULTURAL HERITAGE IN FORMING linear groups of functions Cultural heritage is part of linear groups of functions. They are an indicator of region system sustainability. The following relationships are analyzed: 4. number of linear groups with tourism components / number of all linear groups (all linear groups are analyzed) - Dubrovnik: 1.00(+0.10). Linear groups with tourism constitute 100% of all linear groups, a 10% higher percentage than in comparable regions. A5/ THE ROLE OF CULTURAL HERITAGE IN FORMING LOCAL, INTERJACENT AND INTEGRAL LINEAR GROUPS OF FUNCTIONS There are three types of linear groups of functions in the region model: local, interjacent and integral. Each of them indicates different features of system sustainability. The following relationships are analyzed: 5. number of groupings with tourism components in local linear groups of functions / number of all groupings in local linear groups (all local linear groups are analyzed) - Dubrovnik: 0.50(+0.32); 6. number of groupings with tourism components in interjacent linear groups / number of all groupings in interjacent linear groups (all interjacent linear groups are analyzed) - Dubrovnik : 0.44(-0.14); and 7. number of groupings with tourism components in integral linear groups / number of all groupings in integral linear groups (all integral linear groups are analyzed) - Dubrovnik : R:0(-0,33). In local linear groups there are 50% of groupings with tourism which is 32% higher than in comparable regions. In interjacent linear groups there are 44% of groupings with tourism which is 14% lower than in comparable regions. In integral linear groups there is 0% of groupings with tourism or 33% lower than in comparable regions. A6/ THE ROLE OF CULTURAL HERITAGE IN achieving A SUSTAINABLE REGION SYSTEM In the region model there are four indicators of system sustainability. The indicator of an integral functional system is detected when interjacent linear groups appear, the indicator of decentralization by joint appearance of local and interjacent linear groups, the indicator of common development direction by appearance of integral linear groups and the indicator of local development by appearance of local linear groups in the regions spatial units. The following relationships are analyzed: 8. number of groupings with tourism components in interjacent linear groups / number of all groupings in interjacent linear groups (analysis is made for all interjacent linear groups indicators of integral functional system) - Dubrovnik: 0.44(-0.14); 9. number of groupings with tourism components in local and integral linear groups / number of all components in local and integral linear groups (analysis is made for all local and integral linear groups indicators of decentralization) - Dubrovnik : 0.25(0); 10. number of groupings with tourism components in integral linear groups / number of all components in integral linear groups (analysis is made for all integral linear groups indicators of common development direction) - Dubrovnik : 0(-0.33); and 11. number of groupings with tourism components in local linear groups / number of all components in local linear groups (analysis is made for all local linear groups indicators of local development) - Dubrovnik : 0.50(+0.32). Tourism constitutes 44% of features of integral functional system and decentralization, a 14% lower percentage than in comparable regions. Tourism constitutes 25% of features of decentralization, the same as in comparable regions. Tourism does not constitute features of common development direction, whereas in comparable regions it does at 33%. Tourism constitutes 50% of features of local development. That is a 32% higher percentage than in comparable regions. CONCLUSION A/ HYPOTHESIS 1 is correct By developing a structural-functional model it is possible to show and valorize the organization of the Dubrovnik urban region. GOAL 1 has been accomplished A structural-functional model of the organization of the Dubrovnik urban region has been developed and compared with the comparable regions of Ibiza, Cannes, San Remo and Rhodes. 1/ R1 If sustainable development is to be achieved, as has been achieved in the comparable regions, the following steps must be taken: - restrictions pertaining to construction, infrastructure, landscape and industry must be maintained, 2/ R2 - features of integral functional system must be reduced, - features of decentralization and common development direction must be increased, and - current features of local development must be maintained at the same level, 3/ R3 - compatibility of the regions features with sustainable development must be reduced by 10%. B/ HYPOTHESIS 2 is correct It is possible to develop a valorization method that would show the role of cultural heritage in the regions sustainable development. GOAL 2 has been accomplished The role of cultural heritage in achieving sustainable development of the region has been established by applying this method. 4/ A1 tourism components were analyzed as indicators of the role of cultural heritage in the region model. 5/ A2 Tourism components were analyzed also as indicators of sustainable development features. 6/ A3 If sustainable development is to be achieved, the following steps must be taken: - reduce the number of components of active cultural heritage, - increase the number of groupings with active cultural heritage, - increase the influence of active cultural heritage on region components in their surrounding. 7/ A4 - maintain the current number of linear groups with active cultural heritage. 8/ A5 - reduce the number of local linear groups with active cultural heritage, - increase the number of interjacent and integral linear groups with active cultural heritage. 9/ A6 - increase the role of active cultural heritage in accomplishing integral functional system and common development direction; - reduce the role of active cultural heritage in accomplishing local development, and - maintain the role of active cultural heritage in accomplishing decentralization. REFERENCES [1] Curwell, S.; Deakin, M.; Symes, M. (2006.), Sustainable Urban Development, Volume 1: Framework and Protocols for Environmental Assessment, Routledge, London [2] Leitmann, J. (1999.), Sustaining cities Environmental planning and management in urban design, McGraw-Hill, New York [3] Oliver, J. (2002.), Croatia, Lonely Planet Publications Pty Ltd, Melbourne [4] Simonis, D; Garwood, D.; Hardy, P.; Leviton, A.; Quintero, J.; Roddis, M.; Watkins, R. (2006.), Italy, Lonely Planet Publications Pty Ltd, Melbourne [5] Simonis, D; Andrews, S.; Ham A.; Forsyth, S; Noble, J.; Roddis, M; Scklechter, D. (2005.), Spain, Lonely Planet Publications Pty Ltd, Melbourne [6] `mit, K. (2006.), Strukturalna i funkcionalna transformacija osje ke regije  disertacija u izradi, Sveu iliate u Zagrebu, Arhitektonski fakultet, Poslijediplomski znanstveni studij, Prostorno planiranje, urbanizam i parkovna arhitektura, Zagreb [7] `mit, K. (2002.), Urbanisti ka obilje~ja airenja Osijeka od 18. do kraja 20. stoljea  magistarski rad, Sveu iliate u Zagrebu, Arhitektonski fakultet, Poslijediplomski znanstveni studij, Prostorno planiranje, urbanizam i parkovna arhitektura, Zagreb [8] Willet, D.; Bain. C; Clark M.; Hannigan D.; Hellander P.; Oliver, J. (2004.), Greek Islands, Lonely Planet Publications Pty Ltd, Melbourne [9] Williams, N.; Fallon, S.; Roddis, M; Robinson, D.; Knight, J.; Berry, O.; Stone, A.; Hart, A. (2006.), France, Lonely Planet Publications Pty Ltd, Melbourne [10] ***(1998.a), Zakon o prostornom ureenju; Narodne novine 30/94 i 68/98, Zagreb [11] ***(1998.b), Pravilnik o sadr~aju, mjerilima kartografskih prikaza, obveznim prostornim pokazateljima i standardu elaborata prostornih planova; Narodne novine 106/98, Zagreb [12] ***(2004.a), Agenda 21, URL - http://www.un.org/esa/sustdev/documents/agenda 21.html, 6.11., Zagreb [13] ***(2004.c), Indicators of Sustainable Development, URL - http://www.un.org/esa/sustdev/natlinfo/indicators/isd.htm [14] ***(2006a), Digitalne karte gradova URL - http://www.uk.map24.com, 4.6., Zagreb [15] ***(2006b), Digitalne karte gradova URL - http://imageatlas.globexplorer.com/ImageAtlas/view.do?group=ImageAtlas&lat=39.5276&lon=-97.142&zoom_level=1, 4.6., Zagreb [16] ***(2006c), Digitalne karte gradova URL - https://zulu.ssc.nasa.gov/mrsid/ [17] ***(2006d), Digitalne karte gradova URL - http://www.viamichelin.com/viamichelin/gbr/tpl/hme/MaHomePage.htm, 4.6., Zagreb [18] ***(2006e), Digitalne karte gradova URL - http://earth.google.com, 4.6., Zagreb ILLUSTRATIONS Figure 1. Structural-functional organization of the Dubrovnik urban region Figure 2. Features of factors of sustainable development of the Dubrovnik urban region Figure 3. Structural-functional organization of the Ibiza urban region i Figure 4. Structural-functional organization of the Cannes urban region Figure 5. Structural-functional organization of the San Remo urban region Figure 6. Structural-functional organization of the Rhodes urban region  Legal documents regulating spatial planning and urbanism stipulate that space planning be carried out in accordance with the principles of sustainable development. Plans are elaborated under the Law on Spatial Planning (Official Gazette of the Republic of Croatia no 30/94 and 68/98), Rule book on the content, scales of mapmaking presentations, obligatory spatial indicators and the standard of physical plan development (Official Gazette of the Republic of Croatia no 106/98) and under other relevant laws and regulations.  An action plan for solving the problems of development and environment in the 21st century was adopted at the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, also known as the Earth Summit, held at Rio de Janeiro in 1992.  The research into the self-sustainability of cities, in addition to an overview of Agenda 21 and principles showing the relationship between the city and the environment, brings also a genesis of sustainable development. More in: Leitmann, J. (1999.), Sustaining cities Environmental planning and management in urban design, McGraw-Hill, New York, 28-43.  Postulates of Agenda 21 are the subject of numerous analyses and surveys in the field of sustainable development. For example, in the research into the frameworks and protocols through which sustainable development is achieved, an overview was given for 15 sustainability principles. For details see: Curwell, S.; Deakin, M.; Symes, M. (2006.), Sustainable Urban Development, Volume 1: Framework and Protocols for Environmental Assessment; Routledge, London, 23.  When structural-functional features of a region are conceptualized, they are reduced to the form which can be incorporated into the model. For example, for an analysis a region it is not necessary to show every single building in it; it is possible to incorporate only a symbol of the settlement which conceptualizes all buildings in the settlement. However, the conceptualized model must enable analysis of the region organization. Urban features of the spatial orgnaization of a region are examined. Construction of a model must enable for those analyses of a region which result in this type of assessment of such structural-functional region features. The presumption is that such a model can be developed.  Restricted use of construction - A-KOOR Dubrovnik: 0,5; A-KOOR Ibiza: 0,5; A-KOOR Cannes: 0,6; A-KOOR San Remo: 0,2; A-KOOR Rhodes: 0,7; R-KOOR Dubrovnik: 0,5.  Restricted use of infrastructure - A-KOOR Dubrovnik: 0,3; A-KOOR Ibiza: 0,3; A-KOOR Cannes: 0,5; A-KOOR San Remo: 0,2; A-KOOR Rhodes: 0,6; R-KOOR Dubrovnik: 0,4.  Restricted use of landscape - A-KOOR Dubrovnik: 0,1; A-KOOR Ibiza: 0,1; A-KOOR Cannes: 0,6; A-KOOR San Remo: 0,1; A-KOOR Rhodes: 0; R-KOOR Dubrovnik: 0,2.  Restricted use of industry - A-KOOR Dubrovnik: 0; A-KOOR Ibiza: 0,1; A-KOOR Cannes: 0,1; A-KOOR San Remo: 0,1; A-KOOR Rhodes: 0; R-KOOR Dubrovnik: 0,1.  Integral functional system - A-KOOR Dubrovnik: 0,8; A-KOOR Ibiza: 1; A-KOOR Cannes: 0,8; A-KOOR San Remo: 0; A-KOOR Rhodes: 0,6; R-KOOR Dubrovnik: 0,5.  Decentralization - A-KOOR Dubrovnik: 0; A-KOOR Ibiza: 0; A-KOOR Cannes: 0,5; A-KOOR San Remo: 0,7; A-KOOR Rhodes: 0;R-KOOR Dubrovnik: 0,4.  Common development direction - A-KOOR Dubrovnik: 0; A-KOOR Ibiza: 0; A-KOOR Cannes: 1; A-KOOR San Remo: 0,7; A-KOOR Rhodes: 0; R-KOOR Dubrovnik: 0,5.  Local development - A-KOOR Dubrovnik: 0; A-KOOR Ibiza: 0; A-KOOR Cannes: 0,2; A-KOOR San Remo: 0; A-KOOR Rhodes: 0; R-KOOR Dubrovnik: 0,1.  Coefficient of sustainable development features - A-KOOR Dubrovnik: 0,2; A-KOOR Ibiza: 0,3; A-KOOR Cannes: 0,5; A-KOOR San Remo: 0,3; A-KOOR Rhodes: 0,2; R-KOOR Dubrovnik: 0,3.  Number of tourism components / number of all components - Dubrovnik A: 50/125=0,40; Ibiza A: 36/70=0,51; Cannes A: 34/222=0,15; San Remo A: 9/295=0,03; Rhodes A: 18/67=0,27.  number of groupings with tourism components / number of all components - Dubrovnik A: 9/30=0,30; Ibiza A: 8/14=0,57; Cannes A: 15/25=0,60; San Remo A: 8/39=0,21; Rhodes A: 9/14=0,64.  number of tourism components / number of all components - Dubrovnik A: 40/74=2; Ibiza A: 18/48=3; Cannes A: 19/139=7; San Remo A: 9/71=8; Rhodes A: 19/49=3.  Number of linear groups with tourism components / number of all linear groups - Dubrovnik A: 5/5=1,00; Ibiza A: 3/3=1,00; Cannes A: 8/9=0,88; San Remo A: 5/7=0,71; Rhodes A: 1/1=1,00.  Number of groupings with tourism components in local linear groups of functions / number of all groupings in local linear groups - Dubrovnik A: 1/2=0,50; Ibiza A: 0/0=0; Cannes A: 6/11=0,55; San Remo A: 4/25=0,16; Rhodes A: 0/0=0.  Number of groupings with tourism components in interjacent linear groups / number of all groupings in interjacent linear groups - Dubrovnik A: 11/25=0,44; Ibiza A: 0/0=0; Cannes A: 4/7=0,57; San Remo A: 0/0=0; Rhodes A: 7/12=0,58.  Number of groupings with tourism components in integral linear groups / number of all groupings in integral linear groups - Dubrovnik A: 0/0=0; Ibiza A: 6/12=0,50; Cannes A: 6/14=0,43; San Remo A: 5/13=0,38; Rhodes A: 0/0=0.  Number of groupings with tourism components in interjacent linear groups / number of all groupings in interjacent linear groups - Dubrovnik A: 11/25=0,44; Ibiza A: 0/0=0; Cannes A: 4/7=0,57; San Remo A: 0/0=0; Rhodes A: 7/12=0,58.  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C 818288888287 2 ^i $6k2 : @^iResearch into the Dubrovnik region was prompted by the regions H8288!28Z78Y87YH88!8182Z!8788ZH82Z8!7T887Z81Z78Z!87881h2 >^idevelopment problems and preservation of its cultural heritage881888S888!888T18878!828!188871288!878!878 2 ^i.$ 2 ^i $5 2 ^i $6 2 ^i $6 2  ^i $6#2 y ^iSUSTAINABLE DEVECHC=CHCB8CHCBB2 y ^iLOPMENT 8NCSCG> 2 y ^i $5 2 ^i $6R2 _ /^iPreservation of the regions cultural heritage C!828!1888Q7Q87Q!87882Q288!8Q78!878Q2 _ ^iis22 _ 6 ^i ensured Q8828!78Q2 _ B^ithrough 8!8878 2 _ ^i $Q2 _ ^ithe 77C2 %^idevelopment planning compatible with 881888S8888788728T7888G82 ^ithe 7852 R ^iprinciples of sustainability8!828827282888812 ^i. 2  ^iThis has =82871@"Arial- - -#2 E^ibeen built into 887888882 Ey^ithe 87P2 E .^ilegal norms regulating spatial and urban plans87788!T2!87878728888878!8788782 2 E^i.$- i^- 2 91$%'- 2 E^^i $652 ^iSustainable development prinC8287888C881887T87D8!8L2 e+^iciples have been laid out in the strategic a2882C8818D8878D88D78D8D78D2!8871- -82 +^idocument of the United Nations8827T78788G878H8882"2 +i^i called Agenda 1888C787882 + ^i21.78- i^- 2  2$%'- 2 + ^i $72 + ^iIn this declaration a series 8828828!888818!81&2 ^iof coordinated act7Y288!88888Y812 ^iivities 182 2 ~^i $Y2  ^ihave been8818Y87882  ^i proposedY8!788278 2  ^i $Y2 ; ^ito8&2  ^i make development XT818Y871888T86Y2 4^ieconomically, socially and ecologically sustainable.82878T281282818888288728128288887 2  ^i $#2  ^iSustainable deveC818788888182  ^ilopment, l87T87D2 &^ias promoted in Agenda 21, is based on 82&8!8T788&8&C78778&88&2&88288&78&2 + ^ithe 88%82  ^icoordination between economic 288!88788&87G888&82878T12  ^igrowth on 7!9G8$88$2 ^ithe 88$2 ^ione 788$2 M^iside278 2 ^i $$X2 (3^iand use of eco systems and resources on the other. .888#828$7#828$2128T2$788$!8278!282$87$88$888 22 j^iThe attempt is being made >78.88S8.2.8887.T878.2 j^ito82 j[ ^i adjust the .7882.78.2 j{ ^ipeoples78888242 j ^i standard of living to the i.27878!8.7.287.8.772  ^icapacities 2888282$"2 ^iof the natural 7%78%888!8%)2 P^ienvironment without 881!88T87%G888%2  ^iexhausting81888287(2  ^i natural resources %888!8%!7288!282$ 2 9^i$7 2 p^i $- -2 P^ithe882 Pz^iir !:2 P^iquality and level of usability 7881888818782781%2 P^iremain unaltered s!8T887888!88,2 P ^ifor future generations8!88!87878!8882 2 Pk^i.$- i^- 2 "3$%'- 2 P^i $6-i^C2 (  2 N '- @ !-  - 2 ^i $6@"Arial- - i^- 2 L1$'- 2 v ^i $#2 v(^iLegal documents .../..*.G..*2 v^iregula....2 v^iting/.:2 v1^i spatial planning and urbanism *..././..../.../.*G2 v ^istipulateu*....&2 v ^i that space planni/.*..*././.2 v^ing/. 2 v^i $2 v^ibe./ 2 vp^i $2 T^icarried out in accordance with the principles of sustainable development. Plans are *...<..<.<.**....+.<<.</.<..*..*<.<*.*.../.</.*./.G..<7/.*<..82 6^ielaborated under the Law on Sp./......./.././<..7.#2 6^iatial Planning (./7.././P2 6 .^iOfficial Gazette of the Republic of Croatia noA*.A/).../.</../*/<..... 2 6p^i $2 ^i30/94 ../.2 ^iand./.2 h^i 6.2 ^i8/98/..#2 W^i), Rule book on =.../.+..d2 ;^ithe content, scales of mapmaking presentations, obligatory ..*....**/.* .G.-G-+....*..../*.....)m2 A^ispatial indicators and the standard of physical plan development *../+./*..*+./.+//+*.....,.+./(+*.,./.+./)/..G..+ 2  ^i($/2  ^iOfficial Gazette of the A*.+A/(/.+.+/..2 U^iRepublic of Croatia no <../.*.<.../.2 U=^i106/98) ./...R2 Uo/^iand under other relevant laws and regulations. ././.../..//)/./;*./.././/.* 2 U8^i $.- - i^- 2 2$'- 2  ^i $2 %^iAn act7..*2 U^iion plan for solving the problems of development and environment in the 21st century ......*.*/..../..G*...)...G.../../)..G...../.**...)2 R^iwas adopted at the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, also <.*.............<//..<...*.<.....*..//.7.*..G.......=.*./.G....*.a2 u9^iknown as the Earth Summit, held at Rio de Janeiro in 1992y+..;..*..7./8.FG././<./.*../../... 2 uj ^i.$ 2 u ^i $.- - i^- 2 3$'- 2  ^i $!2 - ^iThe research 4..!.*..*.!2 C^iinto the.."..2 ]^i selft!*/ 2 ^i-$ 2 ^is$*2 G ^iustainability.*../.(2  ^i of cities!.!*.*2 ? ^i, ! 2 w ^iin addition to/"../..!/22 d ^i an overview of Agenda 21 !..".*.*/;".!7./..."..2 5N^iand principles showing the relationship between the city and the environment, .....*/.**./</../....*/./.;/../.*( ....../*..G..2 5 ^ibrings also ...*/*.2 5"^i a /2  ^igenesis of ....+*3.312 ^isustainable development. *.*.../.3./)/..G..32 ^iMore ineE..4.2  ^i: 3G2 2 (^iLeitmann, J. 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