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j$ U t j e c a j s t a d i j a r a z v o j a t r a v n o - d j e t e l i n s k e s m j e s e u t r e n u t k u k o an j e n a i n s a c c o r a z g r a d l j i v o s t s i l a ~e
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u l i j a , M l a d e n K n e ~e v i , K r e ai m i r B o an j a k , M a r i n a V r a n i , I v a n a M a t i , J o s i p L e t o , H r v o j e K u t n j a k , L u n a M a s l o v
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i l i at a u Z a g r e b u , S v e t o ai m u n s k a c . 2 5 , 1 0 0 0 0 Z a g r e b , H r v a t s k a ; e - m a i l : g p e r c u l i j a @ a g r . h r
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C i l j o v o g p o k u s a j e b i o p r o c j e n i t i r a z g r a d l j i v o s t s u h e t v a r i u b u r a g u o v a c a s i l a ~e d j e t e l i n s k o t r a v n e s m j e s e ( D T S ) k l u p
a s t e o at r i c e ( D a c t y l i s g l o m e r a t a ) , t a l i j a n s k o g l j u l j a ( L o l i u m m u l t i f l o r u m ) , b i j e l e d j e t e l i n e ( T r i f o l i u m r e p e n s ) i c r v e n e d j e t e l i n e ( T r i f o l i u m p r a t e n s e ) p o k o ae n e u f a z i v l a t a n j a , m a t l i
a n j a i c v a t n j e . V i s i n a r a z g r a d l j i v o s t i s u h e t v a r i j e b i l a o d r e e n a t e h n i k o m n a j l o n s k i h v r e i c a i n k u b i r a n i h 0 . 3 , 6 , 1 2 , 2 4 , 4 8 i 7 2 s a t a u b u r a g u 4 f i s t u l i r a n e C h a r o l a i s o v c e . S t a r e n j e m D T S o p a d a ( P < 0 . 0 1 ) k o n c e t r a c i j a t o p l j i v e ( 3 4 . 8 3 n a 3 0 . 6 6 % ) , o d n o s n o b r z o r a z g r a d l j i v e s u h e t v a r i ( A ) i n e t o p l j i v e a l i r a z g r a d l j i v e ( 4 9 . 8 9 n a 3 9 . 8 8 % ) s u h e t v a r i ( B ) , a t i m e i u
i n k o v i t o s t i m i k r o b n o g i s k o r i at e n j a s u h e t v a r i ( E R ) s 6 2 . 6 0 n a 5 0 . 6 2 % .
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i t i m f o r m a m a ( z e l e n a k r m a , s i l a ~a , t r a v n a s i l a ~a , s i j e n o i d e h i d r i r a n a ) p r e ~i v a
i d o b i v a j u p o t e n c i j a l n o i s k o r i s t i v e h r a n j i v e t v a r i i e n e r g i j u . H r a n j i v a v r i j e d n o s t t r a v n o - d j e t e l i n s k e s i l a ~e o d r e e n a j e k o n z u m a c i j o m h r a n e i m i k r o b i l o ak o m r a z g r a d n j o m h r a n j i v a u b u r a g u k a k o u m a s u m i k r o o r g a n i z a m a t a k o i m a s u k o n a
n i h p r o d u k a t a f e r m e n t a c i j e k o j i s u g l a v n e s i r o v i n e z a o d r ~a v a n j e i p r o i z v o d n u p r e ~i v a
a . H Y P E R L I N K \ l " g k _ 1 0 d " ( V a n V u u r e n i s u r . , 1 9 9 5 ) . V i s i n a r a z g r a d n e s u h e t v a r i s i l a ~e t r a v a u b u r a g u j e n a j v a ~n i j e m j e r i l o n j i h o v e h r a n j i v o s t i , a o n a o v i s i o f l o r i s t i
k o m s a s t a v u t r a t i n e , r o k u k o an j e i o s o b i t o s t a d i j u r a s t a t e p r o m j e n a m a n a s t a l i m t i j e k o m s i l i r a n j a H Y P E R L I N K \ l " g k _ 1 0 b " ( D u l p h y i D e m a r q u i l l y , 1 9 9 1 ) . N a ai r o k u v a r i j a b i l n o s t i r a z g r a d l j i v o s t i ( 2 7 - 9 5 % ) s u h e t v a r i u b u r a g u n a j
e ae k o r i at e n i m v o l u m i n o z n i m k r m i v i m a u t j e
u b r o j n i
i m b e n i c i m e u k o j i m a n a j v i ae s t a r o s t b i l j a k a i l i s t a d i j r a s t a H Y P E R L I N K \ l " d _ 3 1 " ( B u x t o n i F a l e s , 1 9 9 4 ) . N a i m e s a s a z r i j e v a n j e m b i l j k e p o v e
a v a s e s a d r ~a j s u h e t v a r i i v l a k a n a , a s m a n j u j e s a d r ~a j p r o t e i n a . P o s l j e d i c a t o g a j e i p o v e a n i u d i o s t a b l j i k e , u o d n o s u n a l i s t , at o d o v o d i d o s m a n j e n j a r a z g r a d l j i v o s t i s u h e t v a r i u b u r a g u ( H Y P E R L I N K \ l " g k _ 9 " C h e r n e y i s u r . , 1 9 9 3 ) . U d o s t u p n o j l i t e r a t u r u n e m a p o d a t a k a o p r o b a v i s u h e t v a r i u b u r a g u r a z l i
i t i h f a z a r a s t a d j e t e l i n s k o t r v n i h s m j e s a ( D T S ) g o r s k o g p o d r u
j a R H . C i l j o v o g a r a d a j e u t v r d i t i u t j e c a j s t a d i j a r a s t a p r v o g o t k o s a d j e t e l i n s k o t r a v n e t r a t i n e n a n j e n u i n s i t u r a z g r a d l j i v o s t u b u r a g u o v a c a .
M a t e r i j a l i m e t o d e r a d a
Z a o v o i s t r a ~i v a n j e k o r i at e n i s u u z o r c i s i l a ~e t r a v n o d j e t e l i n s k e s m j e s e s a s t a v l j e n e o d k l u p
a s t e o at r i c e ( D a c t y l i s g l o m e r a t a ) , t a l i j a n s k o g l j u l j a ( L o l i u m i t a l i c u m ) , b i j e l e d j e t e l i n e ( T r i f o l i u m r e p e n s ) i c r v e n e d j e t e l i n e ( T r i f o l i u m p r a t e n s e )
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k i s a s t a v u t r e n u t k u k o an j e i z r a ~e n u s u h o j t v a r i b i o : 8 0 , 2 0 % t r a v a , 1 2 , 2 3 % d j e t e l i n a i 7 , 5 7 % z e l j a n i c a . T r a t i n a j e k o ae n a u 3 r a z l i
i t a s t a d i j a z r e l o s t i f i t i f e n o l o ak e f a z e ( v l a t a n j e , m e t l i
a n j e i c v a t n j a ) k l u p
a s t e o at r i c e ( D a c t y l i s g l o m e r a t a L . ) k a o d o m i n a n t n e v r s t e u s m j e s i u t r e n u t k u k o an j e . N a k o n i z r a d e s i l a ~e , p o d v i j e b a l e o d s v a k e f i t o f e n o l o ak e f a z e , D T S s u k o r i at e n e z a i z v o e n j e i n s a c c o p o k u s a r a z g r a d l j i v o s t i . B i o l o ak i d i o i s p i t i v a n j a p r o v e d e n j e n a
e t i r i f i s t u l i r a n e o v c e C h a r o l a i s p a s m i n e , p r o s j e
n e t j e l e s n e m a s e 6 0 5 k g i s t a r o s t i 4 g o d i n e . H r a n j e n e s u i n d i v i d u a l n o n a u z d r ~n o j r a z i n i h r a n i d b e l i v a d n i m s i j e n o m i p e l e t i r a n o m s m j e s o m z a o v c e u o m j e r u 7 5 : 2 5 S T . U p o k u s u s u k o r i at e n e p o l i e s t e r s k e v r e i c e t v r t k e A n k o m T e c h n o l o g y C o r p . i z U S A , p o r o z i t e t a ~ 5 0 1 5 m , u n u t a r n j i h d i m e n z i j a 1 0 x 2 0 c m i 4 0 0 c m 2 e f e k t i v n e p o v r ai n e v r e i c e .
I n s a c c o t e h n i k a H Y P E R L I N K \ l " d _ 4 0 " ( M i c h a l e t - D o r e a u i O u l d - B a c h , 1 9 9 2 ) j e k o r i at e n a z a u t v r i v a n j e r a z g r a d i v o s t i S T . U z o r c i s i l a ~e s v a t r i s t a d i j a z r e l o s t i t r a v n o - d j e t e l i n s k e s m j e s e s u b i l i i n k u b i r a n i u t r a j a n j u o d 3 , 6 , 1 2 , 2 4 , 4 8 i 7 2 s a t a u b u r a g u o v a c a . I n k u b i r a n e v r e i c e i z v a e n e i z b u r a g a s o s t a t k o m u z o r k a s t a v l j e n e s u u h l a d n u v o d u s l e d o m k a k o b i s e at o p r i j e p r e k i n u o d a l j n j i p r o c e s f e r m e n t a c i j e u z o r a k a , t e s u i s p i r a n e u s t r o j u z a p r a n j e r u b l j a 1 5 m i n u t a . O p r a n e v r e i c e s o s t a t k o m u z o r k a s u ae n e s u u s u ai o n i k u n a 6 0 C t i j e k o m 4 8 s a t i . N a k o n at o j e u t v r e n o d a s u u z o r c i o s u ae n i d o k o n s t a n t n e t e ~i n e , b i l i s u i z v a g a n i
i m e s e u t v r d i o g u b i t a k ( r a z g r a d n j a ) S T .
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u n a n a p r e m a j e d n a d ~b i k o j u s u p r e d l o ~i l i O r s k o v i M c D o n a l d ( 1 9 7 9 ) y = A + B ( 1 - e - c t ) . A p a r a m e t r i A , B i c s u b i l i p r o c i j e n j e n i p o j e d i n a
n o z a s v a k u ~i v o t i n j u k a o n e l i n e a r n a r e g r e s i j a . G d j e j e A b r z o r a z r a d l j i v a f r a k c i j a s u h e t v a r i , B j e s p o r o r a z g r a d l j i v a f r a k c i j a , a c j e b r z i n a r a z g r a d n j e B f r a k c i j e u b u r a g u . E f e k t i v n a r a z g r a d l j i v o s t ( E R ) S T j e b i l a u t v r e n a z a b r z i n u p a s a ~e k r o z b u r a g ( k ) o d 4 % / h ( A l v i r e t a l . , 1 9 9 8 ) p r e m a j e d n a d ~b i E R = A + B c / ( c + k ) . K o r e k c i j a p o d a t a k a o I n s a c c o r a z g r a d l j i v o s t i S T i z v r ae n a j e u N E W A Y 5 . 0 . p r o g r a m u ( D r . X . B . C h e n . I F R U , R o w e t t R e s e a r c h I n s t i t u t e ; A b e r d e e n , U K ) H Y P E R L I N K \ l " r a d _ 1 _ " ( r s k o v a n d M c D o n a l d , 1 9 7 9 ) . R e z u l t a t i b i l i o b r a e n i G L M p r o c e d u r o m u s t a t i s t i
k o m p r o g r a m u S A S v . 8 . 0 . ( S A S I n s t i t u t , 1 9 9 9 ) .
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S t a r e n j e m D T S r a s t e ( P < 0 . 0 1 ) s a d r ~a j s u h e t v a r i i v l a k a n a ( N D F ) i o p a d a ( P < 0 . 0 1 ) s a d r ~a j p r o t e i n a u s u h o j t v a r i . ( t a b l i c a 1 ) .
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a n j e 4 0 7 , 7 7 a 9 1 2 , 6 7 0 b 9 7 , 9 8 5 b 6 7 1 , 9 0 0 b c v a t n j a 4 6 3 , 0 8 b 9 1 3 , 7 1 5 b 9 0 , 3 0 0 c 7 0 0 , 6 2 8 c x 4 2 2 , 3 2 9 0 9 , 1 1 6 1 0 2 , 6 2 0 6 9 1 , 1 0 6 S 1 , 3 1 2 , 5 7 0 , 9 5 7 , 9 8 S i g n i f i k a n t n o s t * * * * * * * ( P < 0 . 0 5 ) , * * ( P < 0 . 0 1 ) , N S = n i j e s i g n i f i k a n t n o
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a n j e c v a t n j a s S i g n i f i k a n t n o s t h % % % 3 3 7 , 5 3 5 a 2 9 , 5 3 6 b 3 1 , 3 3 4 c 0 , 3 6 0 2 * * 6 4 5 , 9 1 3 a 3 6 , 0 2 3 b 3 7 , 1 6 2 b 0 , 4 6 2 4 * * 1 2 5 8 , 1 1 8 a 4 6 , 0 6 4 b 4 6 , 1 3 2 b 0 , 7 1 9 5 * * 2 4 7 1 , 5 6 3 a 5 8 , 3 1 4 b 5 6 , 9 8 7 b 0 , 7 3 4 1 * * 4 8 8 0 , 8 8 3 a 6 8 , 0 8 5 b 6 5 , 6 4 4 c 0 , 3 5 7 2 * * 7 2 8 3 , 3 8 3 a 7 1 , 0 5 8 b 6 8 , 4 0 9 c 0 , 3 8 0 5 * * * * ( P < 0 . 0 1 ) , N S n i j e s i g n i f i k a n t o
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a n j e 2 8 , 9 3 b 4 3 , 9 2 b 7 2 , 8 5 b 0 , 0 5 4 7 b 5 1 , 1 5 8 3 b c v a t n j a 3 0 , 6 6 b 3 9 , 8 8 c 7 0 , 5 4 c 0 , 0 5 5 1 b 5 0 , 6 2 5 0 c x 3 1 , 4 7 4 4 , 5 6 3 3 7 6 , 0 3 6 6 0 , 0 5 8 9 5 4 , 7 9 4 4 s 0 , 4 5 6 0 , 5 6 7 0 , 8 8 5 0 , 0 0 7 0 , 4 8 5 S i g n i f i k a n t n o s t * * * * * * * * * * * * ( P < 0 . 0 1 ) , N S n i j e s i g n i f i k a n t o
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i n k o v i t o s t ( E R ) n j e n o g m i k r o b i o l o ak o g i s k o r i at e n j a u b u r a g u . D o b i v e n i r e z u l t a t i s e s l a ~u s n a l a z i m a ( H Y P E R L I N K \ l " r a d _ b " A n d u e z a i s u r . , 2 0 0 3 ) t e o p i m p r a v i l o m d a s t a r e n j e m b i l j k e o p a d a v i s i n a r a z g r a d n j e u b u r a g u i p r o b a v l j i v o s t u c i j e l o m p r o b a v o n m t r a k t u at o i m a z a p o s l j e d i c u n j e n u m a n j u k o n z u m a c i j a i h r a n j i v o s t .
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a s t e o at r i c e ( D a c t y l i s g l o m e r a t a ) , t a l i j a n s k o g l j u l j a ( L o l i u m m u l t i f l o r u m ) , b i j e l e d j e t e l i n e ( T r i f o l i u m r e p e n s ) i c r v e n e d j e t e l i n e ( T r i f o l i u m p r a t e n s e ) u p r v o m o t k o s u i m a v i au r a z g r a d l j i v o s t s h e t v a r i u b u r a g u o v a c a , n e g o s t r a i j e a t i m e i v i au k o n z u m a c i j u i h r a n j i o v o s t z a p r e ~i v a
e .
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A l v i r , M . R . , P a n i a g u a , E . a n d G o n z l e z , J . ( 1 9 9 8 ) . E f e c t o d e l n m e r o d e c o r t e s o b r e l a d e g r a d a b i l i d a d r u m i n a l d e l a m a t e r i a s e c a d e l h e n o d e a l f a l f a . I n : A c t a s d e l a X X X V I I I R e u n i n C i n t i f i c a d e l a S E E P , p p . 2 5 7 - 2 6 0 .
H Y P E R L I N K \ l " r a d _ b _ " A n d u e z a , D . , M u Do z , F . , P u e y o , J . , D e l g a d o , I . a n d D e l a R o z a , B . ( 2 0 0 3 ) . I n f l u e n c e o f t h e m e t h o d o f c o n s e r v a t i o n o f l u c e r n e o n r u m i n a l d e g r a d a b i l i t y . I . D r y m a t t e r . O p t i o n s M d i t e r r a n e n n e s : S r i e A . S m i n a i r e s M d i t e r r a n e n s , 4 5 : 2 3 5 - 2 3 9 .
H Y P E R L I N K \ l " d _ 3 1 _ " B u x t o n , D . R . a n d S . L . F a l e s ( 1 9 9 4 ) . P l a n t e n v i r o n m e n t a n d q u a l i t y . I n F o r a g e q u a l i t y , e v a l u t i o n a n d u t i l i z a t i o n . ( E d s . F a h e y , J r . , G . C . , D . R . M e r t e n s a n d L . E . M o s e r ) , A S A , C S S A a n d S S S A , M a d i s o n , W L . U S A . 1 5 5 - 1 9 8 .
H Y P E R L I N K \ l " g k _ 9 _ " C h e r n e y , D . J . R . , J . S i c i l i a n o - J o n e s a n d A . N . P e l l ( 1 9 9 3 ) . F o r a g e i n v i t r o d r y m a t t e r d i g e s t i b i l i t y a s i n f l u e n c e d b y f i b e r s o u r c e i n t h e d o n o r c o w d i e t . J . A n i m . S c i . 7 1 : 1 3 3 5 - 1 3 3 8 .
H Y P E R L I N K \ l " i n t _ 1 _ " D a v i e s , Z . S . , G i l b e r t , R . J . , M e r r y , R . J . , K e l l , D . B . , T h e o d o r o u , M . K . a n d G r i f f i t h , G . W . ( 2 0 0 0 ) . E f f i c i e n t I m p r o v e m e n t o f S i l a g e A d d i t i v e s b y U s i n g G e n e t i c A l g o r i t h m s . A p p l i e d a n d e n v i r o n m e n t a l m i c r o b i o l o g y , 6 6 : 1 4 3 5 - 1 4 4 3 .
H Y P E R L I N K \ l " g k _ 1 0 b _ " D u l p h y , J . P . a n d D e m a r q u i l l y , C . ( 1 9 9 1 ) . D i g e s t i b i l i t y a n d v o l u n t a r y i n t a k e o f c o n s e r v e d f o r a g e . I n : P a h l o w , G . A n d H o n i g , H . ( e d s ) F o r a g e C o n s e r v a t i o n T o w a r s d 2 0 0 0 , P r o c e e d i n g s o f E u r o p e a n G r a s s l a n d F e d e r a t i o n . L a n d b a u f o r s c h u n g V o l k e n r o d e , S o n d e r h e f t 1 2 3 : 1 4 0 - 1 6 0 .
H Y P E R L I N K \ l " k r m i v a _ 1 0 5 a _ " M e h r e z , A . Z . a n d O r s k o v E . R . ( 1 9 7 7 ) . A s t u d y o f t h e a r t i f i c i a l f i b r e b a g t e h n i q u e f o r d e t e r m i n i n g t h e d i g e s t i b i l i t y o f f e e d s i n t h e r u m e n . J . A g r i c . S c i . , 8 8 : 6 4 5 - 6 5 0 .
H Y P E R L I N K \ l " d _ 4 0 _ " M i c h a l e t - D o r e a u , B . a n d M . Y . O u l d - B a c h ( 1 9 9 2 ) . I n v i t r o a n d i n s a c c o m e t h o d s f o r t h e e s t i m a t i o n o f d i e t a r y n i t r o g e n d e g r a d a b i l i t y i n t h e r u m e n : a r e v i e w . A n i m . F e e d S c i . T e c h n o l . 4 0 : 5 7 - 8 6 .
H Y P E R L I N K \ l " r a d _ 1 " r s k o v , E . R . a n d M c D o n a l d , I . ( 1 9 7 9 ) . T h e e s t i m a t i o n o f p r o t e i n d e g r a d a b i l i t y i n t h e r u m e n f r o m i n c u b a t i o n m e a s u r e m e n t s w e i g h t e d a c c o r d i n g t o r a t e o f p a s s a g e . J . A g r i c . S c i . 9 2 . 4 9 9 - 5 0 3
S A S I n s t i t u t e ( 1 9 9 9 ) . T h e S A S S y s t e m f o r W i n d o w s . V e r s i o n 8 . S A S I n s t . , C a r y , N C .
H Y P E R L I N K \ l " g k _ 1 0 d _ " V a n V u u r e n , A . M . , H u h t a n e n , P . A n d D u l p h y , J . P . ( 1 9 9 5 ) . I m p r o v i n g t h e f e e d i n g a n d h e a l t h v a l u e o f e n s i l e d f o r a g e s . I n : J o u r n e t , M . , G r e n e t , E . , F a r c e , M . M . , T h e r i e z , M . a n d D e m a r q u i l l y , C . ( e d s ) . R e c e n t D e v e l o p m e n t s i n t h e N u t r i t i o n o f H e r b i v o r e s . I N R A E d i t i o n , P a r i s , p p . 2 7 9 - 3 0 7 .
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I n f l u e n c e o f t h e p h e n o l o g i c a l s t a g e o f g r a s s - c l o v e r s i l a g e o n i n s a c c o d e g r a d a b i l i t y
T h e o b j e c t i v e o f t h i s e x p e r i m e n t w a s t o s t u d y g r a s s - c l o v e r s i l a g e ( D a c t y l i s g l o m e r a t a , L o l i u m m u l t i f l o r u m , T r i f o l i u m r e p e n s , T r i f o l i u m p r a t e n s e ) d r y m a t t e r ( D M ) d e g r a d a b i l i t y u s i n g 4 f i s t u l a t e d s h e e p . G r a s s - c l o v e r m i x t u r e w a s h a r v e s t e d a t i n t e r n o d e e l o n g a t i o n , t e s e l l i n g a n d f l o w e r i n g g r o w t h s t a g e o f D a c t y l i s g l o m e r a t a . D e g r a d a b i l i t y o f D M w a s d e t e r m i n e d b y t h e n y l o n b a g t e c h n i q u e a f t e r 0 , 3 , 6 , 1 2 , 2 4 , 4 8 a n d 7 2 h o u r s o f s a m p l e s i n c u b a t i o n . D e c r e a s e d c o n c e n t r a t i o n ( P < 0 . 0 1 ) o f s o l u b l e D M ( f r o m 3 4 . 8 3 t o 3 0 . 6 6 % ) , s o l u b l e f r a c t i o n D M ( A ) a n d i n s o l u b l e p o t e n t i a l l y d e g r a d a b l e f r a c t i o n D M ( B ) ( f r o m 4 9 . 8 9 t o 3 9 . 8 8 % ) a s w e l l a s e f f e c t i v e d e g r a d a b i l i t y o f d r y m a t t e r b y r u m e n m i c r o o r g a n i s m s ( f r o m 6 2 . 6 0 t o 5 0 , 6 2 % ) w e r e d e t e r m i n e d w i t h t h e i n c r e a s i n g m a t u r i t y o f g r a s s - c l o v e r e n s i l e d .
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