Naslov
Povijesna galerija Lotarinške kuće medaljera Ferdinanda de Saint-Urbaina. Summary: Historical Portrait Gallery of the Dukes of Lorraine by the Medallist Ferdinand de Saint-Urbain
(Historical portrait gallery of the dukes of Lorraine by the medallist Ferdinand de Saint-Urbain)

Autori
Mirnik, Ivan

Izvornik
Peristil : zbornik radova za povijest umjetnosti (0553-6707) 50 (2007); 173-194

Vrsta, podvrsta i kategorija rada
Radovi u časopisima, članak, znanstveni

Ključne riječi
numizmatika; medalja; Saint-Urbain Ferdinand de; Lotaringija
(numismatics; medal; Saint-Urbain Ferdinand de; Lorraine)

Sažetak
Historical Portrait Gallery of the Dukes of Lorraine by the Medallist Ferdinand de Saint-Urbain Part of the famous Series of medals of the Dukes and Duchesses of Lorraine is in the Numismatic Collection of the Zagreb Archaeological Museum and there are also several other medals by Ferdinand de Saint-Urbain (*Nancy, 30.VI. 1658 +11.I. 1738). These medals are chiefly in pewter and uniface, but some are bronze and two-sided. Ferdinand de Saint-Urbain was an architect, sculptor, engraver and, above all a medallist. During the early part of his life he lived and worked in Italy, from 1673 in Bologna, and later in Rome, where Pope Innocent XI appointed him chief of the Papal mint. In Rome Saint-Urbain spent thirty years during the pontificate of five popes, then in 1704 returned home to Nancy and from 1707 was placed at the head of the mint of the Duchy. He was highly esteemed in his time and his production of medals and dies for coins was impressive. The artist signed his medals and coins with: F.D.S.V., S.V. (most frequently), S.VRBA.OP., S.VR., FERD.DE S.V. etc. Following the tendency of his times, he received commissions to produce several historical series of medals: the Popes (which remained unfinished), Dukes and Duchesses of Lorraine and a series of contemporary medals for the French Regent, the Duke of Orléans. When possible, he transferred on medals existing authentic portraits, in authentic costumes, but otherwise resorted to invented faces and costumes of persons from a more remote past. The « ; Lothringer Suite» ; ordered by Duke Leopold I of Lorraine, was jointly made by Saint-Urbain and his son Claude Augustin between 1708 and c 1720. The latter is the author of the larger central (title) medal. The series exists in gold, silver, bronze, pewter and lead. A list was published by Leonard Forrer in 1912. The bulk of the medals (31) shows the bust of the Duke on the obverse and his consort on the reverse ; on six medals there is either an inscription or a symbolic depiction on the reverse. Possession of the « ; Lothringer Suite» ; was the prestige of the ruling dynasties and other aristocratic families as well as collectors. Thur for instance the Vienna Cabinet, the Paris Cabinet and Dr. Hubert Lanz in Munich own the entire set. There were nine two-sided medals in bronze and the whole set in patinated lead in the Leopold Welzl von Wellenheim Collection in Vienna in the fist half of the 19th c. One specimen was owned by Eduard Maretich de Riv Alpon, another by Theodor Unger in Graz. One medal was presented by Ivo Kugli to the Franciscan Monastery at Kampor on the island of Rab together with his medal collection. In the past dukes of Lorraine married Austrian (arch)duchesses. Some historians in the past thought that both dynasties had a common ancestor, namely that Guntram the Rich One, the son of Count Hugo of Alsace and Pfirt, the founder of the House of Hapsburg (mid 10th c) had two brothers, Eberhard and Hugo. Eberhard founded the Lorraine Dynasty and Hugo the Egisheim family. The first marriage between the houses of Hapsburg and Lorraine took place in the 11th c, when Count Radbot (+1027) married Ida of Lorraine (+1026). The next marriage connection dates from 1304, when Elizabeth, daughter of Emperor Albrecht I and grand-daughter of Emperor Rudolf I, was married to Frederic IV of Lorraine (+1328) – the generations that followed are descended from this marriage. Both dynasties were allied for the third time in 1678, when Eleonora Maria, sister of Emperor Leopold I and widow of the Polish King Michael, married Charles V (IV) of Lorraine. Their grandson, Duke Francis III of Lorraine (later Francis I, Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire) married Archduchess Maria Theresia, the daughter of the last Hapsburg Emperor Charles VI and thus both dynasties, which had been close to exctinction, came to new life and continue to flourish down to our times In the Zagreb Archaeological Museum Numismatic Collection there are 24 medals by Saint-Urbain: 16 specimens of the historical gallery - four are two-sided (two are struck, two cast) and 12 uniface – as well as eight other medals, made during the artist's stay in Rome. Two of the latter date from 1686 and commemorate the victories of Charles V of Lorraine over the Turks in Hungary, three bear the portraits of three famous physicians of their times (Giovanni Girolamo Sbaraglia and Marcello Malpighi, both of Bologna and both great enemies and the Pope's physician Giorgio Armeno Baglivi of Dubrovnik). Two more medals depict Livio Odescalchi, nephew of Pope Innocent XI and were struck on the occasion of his becoming Duke of Syrmia, and one was made in 1700, when Cardinal Pietro Ottobono unveiled the monument to Pope Alexander VIII in St. Peter's Basilica in Rome. All these medals witness the supreme skill and art of Ferdinand de Saint-Urbain, his excellent ability to portray his contemporaries and to reproduce the likeness of persons from the past, and his imagination when historical personages were in question. He was also able to compose various scenes, such as landscapes, architecture, allegoric figures etc for the reverse and his skill in forming letters was aso excellent.

Izvorni jezik
Hrvatski, engleski

Znanstvena područja
Povijest, Povijest umjetnosti

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