аЯрЁБс>ўџ ›žўџџџœџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџКKМKжKиKмK YЈ\Њ\В\Д\О\Р\F]К]М]ж]и]м]ШlЈpЊpВpДpОpРpFqКqМqжqиqмq\‚^‚h‚l‚œ‰ЈŠЊŠВŠДŠОŠРŠF‹К‹М‹ж‹и‹м‹\œ^œhœlœ$ЌЈАЊАВАДАОАРАFБКБМБжБиБмБ`ТbТlТpТ*вљіѓюѓчѓчтчѓіљіѓюѓчѓчтчѓіљіѓюмюмюѓчѓчтчѓіљіѓюмюмюѓчѓчѓчѓіљіѓйжвжвжCJH*CJmH  CJH*mHCJmH jCJUCJmHCJCJ CJOJQJE‹F‹r‹ ‹ж‹и‹к‹м‹^P‘Њ–Шšzž@Ѓ†Ї ЌЌ@АТАшАББFБrБ БжБиБкБмБњњњњњјѕёёёёёёёёёњњњњњњњњњњјѕ„а$dџGatlinburg Conference Summaries  ! ЈЊВДОРFКМжимXЈЊВДОРFКМжимrЈЊВДОРFКМжим Ј"Њ"В"Д"О"Р"F#К#М#ж#и#м#2)Ј*Њ*В*Д*О*Р*F+К+М+ж+и+м+:6Ј:Њ:В:Д:О:Р:F;К;М;ж;и;м;GЈJЊJВJДJОJРJFKКKћћјёјёьёјщтщјћјёјёьёјщтщјћјёјёьёјщтщјћјёјёьёјщтщјћјёјёьёјщтщјћјёјёьёјщтщјћјёјёьёјщ CJOJQJCJCJmH jCJUCJCJmHY^=PAЊF@JТJшJKKFKrK KжKиKкKмK^MPQЊV@\Т\ш\]]F]r] ]ж]и]к]ћћіііііііііієёћћћііііііііііє$dџ„а !ќady in it s initial phase produced specific management recommendations. Jillian did her best to encourage scintists to apply their data in conservation.  !@ТшFr жикмX@ТшFr жикм§ћіііііііііі§ѓяіііііііііі§ѓ„а$dџg Conference morning sessions of 21 April 1998 ment exposure to different sessions. The greater variety of presentations also ment more demanding task writing this report. Djuro Huber 05 July 1998 Biology Department time18:01 Veterinary Faculty Heinzelova 55 10000 Zagreb Republic of Croatia Phone: 385-1-2390-141 Fax: 385-1-214-697 E-mail: huber@mavef.vef.hr Chairing Gatlinburg Conference morning sessions of 21 April 1998 ment exposure to different sessions. The greater variety of presentations also ment more demanding task in writing this report. How science and policy can and should work together has been reported by Jillian Roulet with coauthors on the case of Banff national Park.м^@ТшFr жикм^@"Т"ш"##F#r# #ж#и#к#м#^%2)ћіііііііііієёћіііііііііієёћћ$dџ„аDjuro Huber 05 July 1998 Biology Department time18:01 Veterinary Faculty Heinzelova 55 10000 Zagreb Republic of Croatia Phone: 385-1-2390-141 Fax: 385-1-214-697 E-mail: huber@mavef.vef.hr Chairing Gatlinburg Conference morning sessions of 21 April 1998 ment exposure to different sessions. The greater variety of presentations also ment more demanding task in writing this report. How science and policy can and should work together has been reported by Jillian Roulet with coauthors on the case of Banff National Park. In this most developed North American national park with 55  80 grizzly bears, the large carnivores have been identified as a key indicator of ecological integrity. The multy approach research alreDjuro Huber 05 July 1998 Biology Department time18:01 Veterinary Faculty Heinzelova 55 10000 Zagreb Republic of Croatia Phone: 385-1-2390-141 Fax: 385-1-214-697 E-mail: huber@mavef.vef.hr Chairing GatlinburDjuro Huber 05 July 1998 Biology Department time18:01 Veterinary Faculty Heinzelova 55 10000 Zagreb Republic of Croatia Phone: 385-1-2390-141 Fax: 385-1-214-697 E-mail: huber@mavef.vef.hr Chairing Gatlinburady in it s initial phase produced specific management recommendations. Djuro Huber 05 July 1998 Biology Department time18:01 Veterinary Faculty Heinzelova 55 10000 Zagreb Republic of Croatia Phone: 385-1-2390-141 Fax: 385-1-214-697 E-mail: huber@mavef.vef.hr Chairing Gatlinburg Conference morning sessions of 21 April 1998 ment exposure to different sessions. The greater variety of presentations also ment more demanding task in writing this report. How science and policy can and should work together has been reported by Jillian Roulet with coauthors on the case of Banff National Park. In this most developed North American national park with 55  80 grizzly bears, the large carnivores have been identified as a key indicator of ecological integrity. The multy approach research alre2)@*Т*ш*++F+r+ +ж+и+к+м+^-21:6@:Т:ш:;;F;r; ;ж;и;к;м;^=њњњњњњњњњњјѕёёёњњњњњњњњњњјѕё„а$dџg Conference morning sessions of 21 April 1998 ment exposure to different sessions. The greater variety of presentations also ment more demanding task in writing this report. How science and policy can and should work together has been reported by Jillian Roulet with coauthors on the case of Banff National Park. In this most developed North American national park with 55  80 grizzly bears, the large carnivores have been identified as a key indicator of ecological integrity. The multy approach research already in it s initial phase produced specific management recommendations. Jillian did her best to encourage scintists to apply their data in conservation. Peg Boulay presented a comprehensive study on effect of ban of use of dogs and bait for hunting American black bears in Oregon. The possible influence of such a management change on sex and age ratio of population has been statistically tested based on hunting success in the three years before and the first two years after the measure implementation. Though one quarter of hunters who used dogs and baits accounted for approximatelly three quarters of the bear harvest prior this measure the study concluded that the loss of hounding and baiting may not have significant effects on bear population levels and age- or sex-structure in Oregon. Djuro Huber 05 July 1998 Biology Department time18:01 Veterinary Faculty Heinzelova 55 10000 Zagreb Republic of Croatia Phone: 385-1-2390-141 Fax: 385-1-214-697 E-mail: huber@mavef.vef.hr Chairing GatlinburDjuro Huber 05 July 1998 Biology Department time18:01 Veterinary Faculty Heinzelova 55 10000 Zagreb Republic of Croatia Phone: 385-1-2390-141 Fax: 385-1-214-697 E-mail: huber@mavef.vef.hr Chairing Gatlinburg Conference morning sessions of 21 April 1998 ment exposure to different sessions. The greater variety of presentations also ment more demanding task in writing this report. How science and policy can and should work together has been reported by Jillian Roulet (Parks Canada) with coauthors on the case of Banff National Park. In this most developed North American national park with 55  80 grizzly bears, the large carnivores have been identified as a key indicator of ecological integrity. The multy approach research already in it s initial phase produced specific management recommendations. Jillian did her best to encourage scintists to apply their data in conservation. Peg Boulay (Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife) presented a comprehensive study on effect of ban of use of dogs and bait for hunting American black bears in Oregon. The possible influence of such a management change on sex and age ratio of population has been statistically tested based on hunting success in the three years before and the first two years after the measure implementation. Though one quarter of hunters who used dogs and baits accounted for approximatelly three quarters of the bear harvest prior this measure the study concluded that the loss of hounding and baiting may not have significant effects on bear population levels and age- or sex-structure in Oregon. Kim Titus (Alaska Departnent of Fish and Game)КKМKжKиKмK YЈ\Њ\В\Д\О\Р\F]К]М]ж]и]м]ШlЈpЊpВpДpОpРpFqКqМqжqиqмq\‚^‚h‚l‚œ‰ЈŠЊŠВŠДŠОŠРŠF‹К‹М‹ж‹и‹м‹\œ^œhœlœ$Ќљіѓюѓчѓчтчѓіљіѓюѓчѓчтчѓіљіѓюмюмюѓчѓчтчѓіљіѓюмюмю CJH*mHCJmH jCJUCJmHCJCJ CJOJQJ4Djuro Huber 05 July 1998 Biology Department time18:01 Veterinary Faculty Heinzelova 55 10000 Zagreb Republic of Croatia Phone: 385-1-2390-141 Fax: 385-1-214-697 E-mail: huber@mavef.vef.hr Chairing Gatlinburg Conference morning sessions of 21 April 1998 ment exposure to different sessions. The greater variety of presentations also ment more demanding task in writing this report. How science and policy can and should work together has been reported by Jillian А‚. АЦA!А"А# $ %АChairing Gatlinburg Conference sessions of 21 April 1998 Roulet (Parks Canada) with coauthors on the case of Banff National Park. In this most developed North American national park with 55  80 grizzly bears, the large carnivores have been identified as a key indicator of ecological integrity. The multy approach research already in it s initial phase produced specific management recommendations. Jillian did her best to encourage scintists to apply their data in conservation. Peg Boulay (Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife) presented a comprehensive study on effect of ban of use of dogs and bait for hunting American black bears in Oregon. The possible influence of such a management change on sex and age ratio of population has been statistically tested based on hunting success in the three years before and the first two years after the measure implementation. Though one quarter of hunters who used dogs and baits accounted for approximatelly three quarters of the bear harvest prior this measure the study concluded that the loss of hounding and baiting may not have significant effects on bear population levels and age- or sex-structure in Oregon. The another management issue was on the influence of forest management on bear use of salmon spawning streams on Chichagof Island (Alsaka). Kim Titus (Alaska Departnent of Fish and Game) reported that radiomarked bears avoided streams with little or no forested riparian buffer remained after clearcuts. Djuro Huber 05 July 1998 Biology Department time18:01 Veterinary Faculty Heinzelova 55 10000 Zagreb Republic of Croatia Phone: 385-1-2390-141 Fax: 385-1-214-697 E-mail: huber@mavef.vef.hr Chairing Gatlinburg Conference morning sessions of 21 April 1998 meant exposure to different sessions. The greater variety of presentations also meant more demanding task in writing this report. How science and policy can and should work together has been reported by Jilliag Conference morning sessions of 21 April 1998 ment exposure to different sessions. The greater variety of presentations also ment more demanding task in writing this report. How science and policy can and should work together has been reported by Jillian Roulet (Parks Canada) with coauthors on the case of Banff National Park. In this most developed North American national park with 55  80 grizzly bears, the large carnivores have been identified as a key indicator of ecological integrity. The multy approach research already in it s initial phase produced specific management recommendations. Jillian did her best to encourage scintists to apply their data in conservation. Peg Boulay (Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife) presented a comprehensive study on effect of ban of use of dogs and bait for hunting American black bears in Oregon. The possible influence of such a management change on sex and age ratio of population has been statistically tested based on hunting success in the three years before and the first two years after the measure implementation. Though one quarter of hunters who used dogs and baits accounted for approximatelly three quarters of the bear harvest prior this measure the study concluded that the loss of hounding and baiting may not have significant effects on bear population levels and age- or sex-structure in Oregon. The another management issue was on the influence of forest management on brown bear use of salmon spawning streams on Chichagof Island (Alsaka). Kim Titus (Alaska Departnent of Fish and Game) reported that radiomarked bears avoided streams with little or no forested riparian buffer remained after clearcuts. Their applied research succeded in new forest management requiring 150 m no-cut buffer (instead of no or 30 m buffer) on all impoprtant brown bear salmon-spawning streams on Admirality, Baranof and Chichagof islands. к]м]^_PcЊhШl@pТpшpqqFqrq qжqиqкqмq^sPwЊ|Ш€z„@‰@ŠТŠшŠ‹‹ќјјјјѓѓѓѓѓѓѓѓѓѓёќјјјјјјѓѓѓѓѓdџ„а$Djuro Huber 05 July 1998 Biology Department time18:01 Veterinary Faculty Heinzelova 55 10000 Zagreb Republic of Croatia Phone: 385-1-2390-141 Fax: 385-1-214-697 E-mail: huber@mavef.vef.hr Chairing Gatlinburg Conference morning sessions of 21 April 1998 ment exposure to different sessions. The greater variety of presentations also ment more demanding task in writing this report. How science and policy can and should work together has been reported by Jillian Roulet (Parks Canada) with coauthors on the case of Banff National Park. In this most developed North American national park with 55  80 grizzly bears, the large carnivores have been identified as a key indicator of ecological integrity. The multy approach research already in it s initial phase produced specific management recommendations. Jillian did her best to encourage scintists to apply their data in conservation. Peg Boulay (Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife) presented a comprehensive study on effect of ban of use of dogs and bait for hunting American black bears in Oregon. The possible influence of such a management change on sex and age ratio of population has been statistically tested based on hunting success in the three years before and the first two years after the measure implementation. Though one quarter of hunters who used dogs and baits accounted for approximatelly three quarters of the bear harvest prior this measure the study concluded that the loss of hounding and baiting may not have significant effects on bear population levels and age- or sex-structure in Oregon. The another management issue was on the influence of forest management on brown bear use of salmon spawning streams on Chichagof Island (Alsaka). Kim Titus (Alaska Departnent of Fish and Game) reported that radiomarked bears avoided streams with little or no forested riparian buffer remained after clearcuts. Their applied research succeded in new forest management requiring 150 m no-cut buffer (instead of no or 30 m buffer) on all impoprtant brown bear salmon-spawning streams on Admirality, Baranof and Chichagof islands. In the bear habitat session Bob Inman (Hornecker Wildlife Institute) presented one more of many fine studies from Mike Plelton s school. They measured the aumented the reduced overall red squirrel midden density and bear use what corresponds to over 50% of whitebark habitatis loss along the 30 km of sample trails. Greg Holm (Wyoming Game and Fish Department) mount of available energy (KJ/g dry mass per m2 or m3 of cover or canopy) in 19 species of plants eaten by American black bears in Great Smokey Mountains National Park. In the combination of GIS technology they were able to estimate total energy production of bear foods and to graph biweekly availability of energy. In the truthly ecological study on effects of fire on red squirrels and whitebark pine availability to grizzly bears in Yellowstone National Park, Shannon Podruzny (Interagency Grizzly Bear Study Team, Montana) presented data collected on sample trails before and after the fires of 1988. They counted the numbers of red squirrel whitebark seed middens excavated by grizzlies. Demonstrating the importance of long term ecological studies the study docn Roulet (Parks Canada) with co-authors on the case of Banff National Park. In this most developed North American national park with 55  80 grizzly bears, the large carnivores have been identified as a key indicator of ecological integrity. The multi apprDjuro Huber 05 July 1998 Biology Department time18:01 Veterinary Faculty Heinzelova 55 10000 Zagreb Republic of Croatia Phone: 385-1-2390-141 Fax: 385-1-214-697 E-mail: huber@mavef.vef.hr Chairing Gatlinburg Conference morning sessions of 21 April 1998 ment exposure to different sessions. The greater variety of presentations also ment more demanding task in writing this report. How science and policy can and should work together has been reported by Jillian Roulet (Parks Canada) with coauthors on the case of Banff National Park. In this most developed North American national park with 55  80 grizzly bears, the large carnivores have been identified as a key indicator of ecological integrity. The multy approach research already in it s initial phase produced specific management recommendations. Jillian did her best to encourage scintists to apply their data in conservation. Peg Boulay (Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife) presented a comprehensive study on effect of ban of use of dogs and bait for hunting American black bears in Oregon. The possible influence of such a management change on sex and age ratio of population has been statistically tested based on hunting success in the three years before and the first two years after the measure implementation. Though one quarter of hunters who used dogs and baits accounted for approximatelly three quarters of the bear harvest prior this measure the study concluded that the loss of hounding and baiting may not have significant effects on bear population levels and age- or sex-structure in Oregon. The another management issue was on the influence of forest management on brown bear use of salmon spawning streams on Chichagof Island (Alsaka). Kim Titus (Alaska Departnent of Fish and Game) reported that radiomarked bears avoided streams with little or no forested riparian buffer remained after clearcuts. Their applied research succeded in new forest management requiring 150 m no-cut buffer (instead of no or 30 m buffer) on all impoprtant brown bear salmon-spawning streams on Admirality, Baranof and Chichagof islands. In the bear habitat session Bob Inman (Hornecker Wildlife Institute) presented one more of many fine studies from Mike Plelton s school. They measured the amount of available energy (KJ/g dry mass per m2 or m3 of cover or canopy) in 19 species of plants eaten by American black bears in Great Smokey Mountains National Park. In the combination of GIS technology they were able to estimate total energy production of bear foods and to graph biweekly availability of energy. In the truthly ecological study on effects of fire on red squirrels and whitebark pine availability to grizzly bears in Yellowstone National Park, Shannon Podruzny (Interagency Grizzly Bear Study Team, Montana) presented data collected on sample trails before and after the fires of 1988. They counted the numbers of red squirrel whitebark seed middens excavated by grizzlies. Demonstrating the importance of long term ecological studies the study documented the reduced overall red squirrel midden density and bear use what corresponds to over 50% of whitebark habitatis loss along the 30 km of sample trails. Greg Holm (Wyoming Game and Fish Department) spoke on sympatric American black and grizzly bears in NW Wyoming. with regard to the habitat use, spatial distribution and activity patterns. He and his coauthor found that the two species of bears selected different habitats with grizzly bears selecting for open areas and black bears against them. Both species had crepuscular activity peaks with grizzlies exhibiting more nocturnal, and blacks more diurnal activity pattern. Special attention was given to differences of range sizes and overlaps. Barrie Gilbert (Utah State University) investigated the impacts of wildlife-viewing on American black bears in SE Alaska. Searching for thresholds for human disturbance to bear habitat security at key foraging sites he and a coauthor observed for over 600 hours two sites (bear fishing falls) at Anan Creek. At the one open to public the bears used to shorten their bout length in reaction to bigger visitors groups. Some bears used only the falls that were closed for people. Hence, even the most tolerant bears in population may have some treshold levels to human disturbance. Djuro Huberoach research already in it s initial phase produced specific management recommendations. Jillian did her best to encourage scientists to apply their data in conservation. Peg Boulay (Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife) presented a comprehensive study on effect of ban of use of dogs and bait for hunting American black bears in Oregon. The possible influence of such a management change on sex and age ratio of population has been statistically tested based on hunting success in the three years before and ‹F‹r‹ ‹ж‹и‹к‹м‹^P‘Њ–Шšzž@Ѓ†Ї ЌЌњњњњњјѕёёёёёёёёё„а$dџ [$@ёџ$NormalmH 4`4 Heading 1$@&CJmH<A@ђџЁ<Default Paragraph Font3 џџџџ at‚ЃЙаыьэ ЯШu„] Р у&'5˜€€˜€€˜€€˜€€˜€€˜€€˜€€˜€€˜€€˜€€€€€˜€€€€€€˜€€˜€€˜€€˜€€š€€КKШl-м2)^=к]Шl $7!џџUnknown uro HuberTY_… џ€ааноъь  O„‡џџ uro Huber&D:\DATA\TEXT\DJURO\PAPERS\IB€€˜€€˜€€˜€€˜€€˜€€˜€€˜€€˜€€˜€€˜€€˜€€КK$Ќ-м2)^=к]‹Ќ $7W!џџUnknown uro HuberTY_3 џ€т25џџ uro Huber&D:\DATA\TEXT\DJURO\PAPERS\IBNchair.doc uro Hub <kopwxфQСТє45>T_u–™ЊВГМПХщ57Ћёђє   V„…Q\Q \Q&\Q(\Q*\Q0\P4\Pи]Q@Pк]P>@Qм]Qю]Q№]Q^Q*^Q^^Qа^Qђ^Q._P4_Q^_QИ_Q`Q,`Qt`Qv`Q`Q aQ aQaQ.aQ0aQкaQbQ&bQ0bQЊer(C:\DOS\AutoRecovery save of IBNchair.asdџ@€22@‘s2ШF0J „„а” ьэ  -5Oˆ™ЗКЯќ'6Z[hЅІЊЗИ +38uwx~Шгђѓњќ <kopwxфQСТє45>T_u–™ЊВГМПХщ57Ћёђє   V„† Щежїј : ; = H M N O T U V h i j К Л Ш Щ   U [ \ ] a } ю я   0 2 ? I Z } Ќ Й К е з у   ' ( , J K L M P d Џ А П Р С ю ‘ Л Н Ш а ж ф э  +›ЂКЩстуфщѓљ ”ЅѓZ\РШ23QŠQ ŠQ&ŠQ(ŠQ*ŠQ0ŠP4ŠPи‹Q@Pк‹P>@Qм‹Qю‹Q№‹QŒQ*ŒQ^ŒQаŒQђŒQ.P4Q^QИQŽQ,ŽQtŽQvŽQŽQ Q QQ.Q0QкQQ&Q0QЊQЎQАPМQP‘Qf‘QЄ‘QІ‘QД‘QИ‘QЬ‘Qа‘Qк‘Qм‘Qњ‘Qќ‘Q8’Q–’Qž’Q ’QЎ’QА’Qр’Qњ’Qˆ“Qb”QB•QD•QЈ•Q(–Q*–Q<–Qh–P~–QЊ–Qь–Qђ–Q—Q$—Q&—Q8—Q>—QJ—Q’—QЮ—Qђ—Qє—Q*˜Q.˜Q™QЂ™QЄ™QЈ™QТ™QФ™QЦ™Qд™Qж™Qь™Qю™Qђ™QšPlšQШšQЬšQ›QR›Qj›Ql›QЎ›QА›QФ›Qж›Q4œQ6œQ:œQPœQZœQ\œQ^œQhœQjœQlœQœQ’œQ”œQ4Q6QPQRQоQъQjžQvžPxžQzžQ‚žQКžQœŸQžŸQЬŸQЮŸQ  Q$ Q> QR Qt QК QЁQ2ЁQ4ЁQjЁQnЁQ†ЁQфЁQњЁQЂQЂQЂQTЂQVЂQXЂQZЂQ`ЂQˆЂQЃQ ЃP>ЃQ@ЃQBЃQœЃQтЄQ6ЅQ:ЅQPЅQ`ЅQlЅQˆЅQšЅQТЅQкЅQєЅQІQіІQЇQ4ЇQRЇQ‚ЇP„ЇQ†ЇQˆЇQ’ЇQІЇQВЇQвЇQоЈQшЈQ ЉQІЉQЮЉQаЉQьЉthe first two years after the measure implementation. Though one quarter of hunters who used dogs and baits accounted for approximately three quarters of the bear harvest prior this measure the study concluded that the loss of hounding and baiting may not have significant effects on bear population levels and age- or sex-structure in Oregon. The another management issue was on the influence of forest management on brown bear use of salmon spawning streams on Chichagof Island (Alaska). Kim Titus (Alaska Department of Fish and Game) reported that radiomarked bears avoided streams with little or no forested riparian buffer remained after clearcuts. Their applied research succeeded in new forest management requiring 150 m no-cut buffer (instead of no or 30 m buffer) on all important brown bear salmon-spawning streams on Admiralty, Baranof and Chichagof islands. In the bear habitat session Bob Inman (Hornecker Wildlife Institute) presented one more of many fine studies from Mike Plelton s school. They measured theўџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџщ"ЅРДД€0 џџGatlinburg Conference Summaries uro Huber uro Huberurg Conference Summaries uro Huber uro HuberQф‡Qњ‡QˆQˆQˆQTˆQVˆQXˆQZˆQ`ˆQˆˆQ‰Q ‰P>‰Q@‰QB‰P@@G‡ŸTimes New Roman5€Symbol3& ‡ŸArial"1ˆаhІ*'+' оЊ Nchair.doc uro Huber(C:\DOS\AutoRecovery save of IBNchair.asdџ@€„„@‘s„VF0J „„аРьэ  -5Oˆ™ЗКЯќ'6Z[hЅІЊЗИ +38uwx~Шгђѓњќ [$@ёџ$NormalmH 4`4 Heading 1$@&CJmH<A@ђџЁ<Default Paragraph Fontя  џџџџ at‚ЃЙаыьэ ЯШu„] Р ё ˜€€˜€€˜€€˜€€˜€€˜€€˜€€˜€€˜€€˜€€€€€€˜€€˜€€˜€€˜€€˜€€˜€€˜€€˜€€КKœ‰-м2)^=к]@‰ $7!џџUnknown uro HuberTY_я  џ€„†ежїю ё џџ uro Huber&D:\DATA\TEXT\DJURO\PAPERS\IBNchair.doc uro Huber(C:\DOS\AutoRecovery save of IBNchair.asdџ@€ю ю @‘sю С F0J „„афьэ  -5Oˆ™ЗКЯќ'6Z[hЅІЊЗИ +38uwx~Шгђѓњќ <kopwxфQСТє45>T_u–™ЊВГМПХщ57Ћёђє   V„† Щежїј : ; = H M N O T U V h i j К Л Ш Щ   U [ \ ] a } ю я   0 2 ? I Z } Ќ Й К е з у   ' ( , J K L M P d Џ А П Р С ю я QpQ pQ&pQ(pQ*pQ0pP4pPиqQ@PкqP>@QмqQюqQ№qQrQ*rQ^rQаrQђrQ.sP4sQ^sQИsQtQ,tQttQvtQtQ uQ uQuQ.uQ0uQкuQvQ&vQ0vQЊvQЎvQАvPМvQPwQfwQЄwQІwQДwQИwbQЎbQАbPМbQPcQfcQЄcQІcQДcQИcQЬcQаcQкcQмcQњcQќcQ8dQ–dQždQ dQЎdQАdQрdQњdQˆeQbfQBgQDgQЈgQ(hQ*hQiQJiQ’iQЮiQђiQєiQ*jQ.QЬwQаwQкwQмwQњwQќwQ8xQ–xQžxQ xQЎxQАxQрxQњxQˆyQbzQB{QD{QЈ{Q(|Q*|Q<|Qh|P~|jQkQЂkQЄkQЈkQТkQФkQЦkQдkQжkQьkQюkQђkQlPllP@@G‡ŸTimes New RoQЊ|Qь|Qђ|Q}Q$}Q&}Q8}Q>}QJ}Q’}QЮ}Qђ}Qє}Q*~Q.~QQЂQЄQЈQТQФQЦQдQжQьQюQђQ€Pl€QШ€QЬ€QQRQjQlQЎQАQФQжQ4‚Q6‚Q:‚QP‚QZ‚Q\‚Q^‚Qh‚Qj‚man5€Symbol3& ‡ŸArial"1ˆаhІ*'7+' Z;щ"Ql‚Q‚Q’‚Q”‚Q4ƒQ6ƒQPƒQRƒQоƒQъƒQj„Qv„Px„Qz„Q‚„QК„Qœ…Qž…QЬ…QЮ…Q †Q$†Q>†QR†Qt†QК†Q‡Q2‡Q4‡Qj‡Qn‡Q†‡ЅРДД€0 џџGatlinb amount of available energy (KJ/g dry mass per m2 or m3 of cover or canopy) in 19 species of plants eaten by American black bears in Great Smokey Mountains National Park. In the combination of GIS technology they were able to estimate total energy production of bear foods and to graph biweekly availability of energy. In the truthly ecological study on effects of fire on red squirrels and whitebark pine availability to grizzly bears in Yellowstone National Park, Shannon Podruzny (Interagency Grizzly Bear Study Team, Montana) presented data collected on sample trails before and after the fires of 1988. They counted the numbers of red squirrel whitebark seed middens excavated by grizzlies. Demonstrating the importance of long term ecological studies the study dQtЊQxЊQ@ЋPPЋP@@G‡ŸTimes New Roman5€Symbol3& ‡ŸArial"1ˆаhІ*'Р+' Ў|.щ"ЅРДД€0iџџGatlinburg Conference Summaries uro Huber uro HuberьЅСG ДП!bjbjŽйŽй АьГьГ3џџџџџџ]ЦЦЦЦЦЦкииииь4к+ЖXnnnnnnnVXXXXXX$сєе|Џ Цnnnnn|„ЦЦnn,,„„„nЦnЦnVккЦЦЦЦnV„в„VЦЦVn  @‘QэЈНкўи„VRoot Entryх ш A8~C Bџџџџџџџџ РF Ю#QёЇН@‘QэЈНƒ€ 1TableР B†№џџџџ&ƒWordDocumentѕ ш A8~CФ B  B BџџџџџџџџџџџџФ B|АSummaryInformatione ш A8~Chair(џџџџrence Summaries Єџџџџџџџџ&( џџџџ !"#$/')*+,-.%1џџџџ23456789:;<=>?@ABDHEFCџџџџIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXY\џџџџџџџџўџџџ_nasbcdezџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџўџџџlўџџџkopqr`tuvmџџџџџџџџџџџџ{ўџџџ}§џџџ§џџџўџџџj„…^џџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџDocumentSummaryInformation8џџџџџџџџџџџџєCompObjGatlinbuџџџџџџџџџџџџrence SIBNjъ:i0Table я1C$вЊ€Data„ B^№џџџџџџџџџџџџ#D:\]e1C$№Њ€Text„ BZ№X8…ph8…p 8…pА8…pШ8…p, BlŠBџџџџџџџџџџџџ% ЌљB‰Bћy €Baўџџџ ўџџџ ўџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџ'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGVџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџWX\џџџџџџџџџџџџ]^_`aiџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџjklrџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџstuvwxyz{|}~€ўџ џџџџ РFMicrosoft Word Document MSWordDocWord.Document.8є9ВqўџеЭеœ.“—+,љЎDеЭеœ.“—+,љЎ\ hpŒ”œЄ ЌДМФ Ь јтVeterinary facultyiГ   Gatlinburg Conference Summaries Title˜ 6> _PID_GUIDтAN{529557D6-13F5-11D2-93FC-2C8505C10000}ўџр…ŸђљOhЋ‘+'Гй0tˆИФифє  0 < HT\dlт Gatlinburg Conference Summariesatl аuro HuberCuroNormalb аuro HuberC12oMicrosoft Word 8.0c@”ЙN@$k7№ЇН@ШDбЈН|. [$@ёџ$NormalmH 4`4 Heading 1$@&CJmH<A@ђџЁ<Default Paragraph Font… џџџџ at‚ЃЙаыьэ ЯШu‡˜€€˜€€˜€€˜€€˜€€˜€€˜€€˜€€˜€ocumented the reduced overall red squirrel midden density and bear use what corresponds to over 50% of whitebark habitats loss along the 30 km of sample trails. Greg Holm (Wyoming Game and Fish Department) spoke on sympatric American black and grizzly bears in NW Wyoming with regard to the habitat use, spatial distribution and activity patterns. He and his co-author found that the two species of bears selected different habitats with grizzly bears selecting for open areas and black bears against them. Both species had crepuscular activity peaks with grizzlies exhibiting more nocturnal, and blacks more diurnal activity pattern. Special attention was given to differences of range sizes and overlaps. Barrie Gilbert (Utah State University) investigated the impacts of wildlife viewing on American black bears in SE Alaska. Searching for thresholds for human disturbance to bear habitat security at key foraging sites he and a co-author observed for over 600 hours two sites (bear fishing falls) at Anan Creek. At the one open to public the bears used to shorten their bout length in reaction to bigger visitors groups. Some bears used only the falls that were closed for people. Hence, even the most tolerant bears in population may have some threshold levels to human disturbance. 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