Naslov
Electrostatic and Chemical Interactions of Ions in Electrolytes and Point Charge Double Layers

Autori
Mirnik, Mirko

Vrsta, podvrsta i kategorija rada
Sažeci sa skupova, sažetak, znanstveni

Izvornik
Electrokinetic Phenomena '98, Proceedings, Salzburg, Austria, / Ribitsch, Volker - Graz : Universität Graz, 1998

Skup
Electrokinetic Phenomena '98, Theory, Methods and Applications

Mjesto i datum
Salzburg, Austrija, 14.04.1998. - 17.04.1998

Vrsta sudjelovanja
Predavanje

Vrsta recenzije
Međunarodna recenzija

Ključne riječi
Point Charge Double Layers

Sažetak
It is demonstrated that we can directly deduce the Debye-Hückel length of electrolytes from the side length of a cube that is calculated from the concentration of an 1 - 1 electrolyte and from the Madelung constant of the cubic lattice. It is assumed that two ions of opposite charge are separated by half of the same length. The theoretical function of the activity coefficient with concentrations has been deduced consideringthat the ion interactions are, besides of the influence of the electrostatic energy also under the influence of the electrostatic energy also under the influence of the chemical potential of cations and anions. the molal concentration is separated into three addends. One addend is assumed to be the consequence of the electrostatic forces and the remaining two the consequence of the chemical potential of cations and anions. The theoretical function is defined by four parameters which can be estimated by fitting the same function to experimental sets of points. The theoretical function matches the experimental points of any electrolyte to a high degree of precision. In this way, the present author is convinced, that the the seventy years old problem of the variation of the activity coefficient with ionic strength or concentration is solved. This problem has not been solved by the Debye-Hückel theory. The theoretical dependence of the electrophoretic mobility or electroosmotic transport quotient on the logarithm of ionic strength is represented by two straight lines of opposite slopes: at low ionic strength positive, at high ionic strength negative. Sets of experimental electrokinetic mobility or transport across membranes of several lattices and several counterions are represented by two lines or by a function that has a maximum with two tangents. The lines or tangents that have a positive and a negative slope have been observed by two prominent laboratories and have not been explained by any published theory of electrokinetics. The present author is convinced that the same observation is an excellent support for the point charge double layer model of colloidal particles. The present paper is the result of the author’s systematic experimental and theoretical investigations through 50 years. Many of the ideas were already published in previous papers and the main ideas or theories are now published for the first time. In three author’s review papers the many references of relevant papers of many authors (62) and of the present author published previously, also with many relevant references are notrepeated now. In order to be able to understand the present paper the reading of the review papers is highly recommended to the readers.

Izvorni jezik
Engleski

Znanstvena područja
Kemija

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