Naslov
An Introduction to GMO

Autori
Vujaklija, Dušica

Vrsta, podvrsta i kategorija rada
Sažeci sa skupova, sažetak, znanstveni

Izvornik
Abstracts of the 43rd Congress of the European Societies of Toxicology & 6th Congress of Toxicology in Developing Countries (Eurotox 2006/6 ; CEC 3) ; u: Toxicology Letters 164 (2006) (S) / Kehrer, J.P. ; Kniwald, Jasna - Amsterdam : Elsevier, 2006, 317-317

Skup
43rd Congress of the European Societies of Toxicology (43 ; 2006) ; Congress of Toxicology in Developing Countries (6 ; 2006))

Mjesto i datum
Cavtat, Hrvatska, 20.09.2006. - 24.09.2006

Vrsta sudjelovanja
Pozvano predavanje

Vrsta recenzije
Međunarodna recenzija

Ključne riječi
genetically modifed organisms

Sažetak
Are genetically modified organisms (GMOs) created recently? The answer depends entirely on different points of view ; how genetic modification occurred? For thousands years, humans have been selecting and crossbreeding, fashioning plants and animals or more recently microorganisms by altering DNA randomly for the benefits of the mankind. The basis of all these was finally modification of genetic traits. However, the public interest has been focused on the GMOs that have been obtained by genetic engineering also known as recombinant DNA technology, gene cloning or new genetics. This technology comprises methods that could alter or join DNA molecules from different species in vitro and subsequently introduce the hybrid DNA into a host cell creating GMO. The techniques used in gene manipulation are relatively new, their development was stimulated by exciting scientific discoveries from the middle of the last century - from elucidation of the principle of the inheritance, development of the microbial genetics to the discovery of the DNA structure. This initiated intensive research on DNA, genes and genetic code in more detail. However, major milestones in the development of genetic engineering were isolation of the DNA ligase in 1967 and of the first restriction enzyme in 1970. Soon after, in 1972 the first recombinant DNA molecules were generated at Stanford University. The scientists initiated first discussion on the safety of manipulating DNA from the different species and that resulted in a document “ Guidelines for Research involving Recombinant DNA” . Recombinant human insulin became the first manufactured or commercial recombinant pharmaceutical in 1982, approved by FDA. The use of recombinant technology soon proved to be very important to achieve specific goals in basic, applied science and medicine. Genetic manipulation was of utmost importance for basic research on gene structure and function ; it was useful for production of desired proteins, pharmaceuticals and medical diagnosis. However, application of recombinant DNA for generation of transgenic plants and animals and the use of transgenic food re-opened the debate about safety, potential benefits and risk and over the future of genetically modified foods.

Izvorni jezik
Engleski

Znanstvena područja
Biologija

Napomena
DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2006.07.324

POVEZANOST RADA