ࡱ> 5@ tbjbj22 4XX$&       48888T432222222$4R72 2  }3...  2.2.$.>.  >.x ;~8b%>.b/t303>.7-7>.44    7 >.$.22448.448Utjecaj genotipa i na ina hranidbe na rezultate u tovu svinja Uremovi Marija1, Uremovi Z.1 i Lukovi Z.1 1Agronomski fakultet Sveu iliata u Zagrebu, Hrvatska; e-mail:  HYPERLINK "mailto:muremovic@agr.hr" muremovic@agr.hr Sa~etak Istra~ivanjem utjecaja genotipa i na ina hranidbe u tovu svinja do 150 kg tjelesne mase obuhvaena su 4 genotipa: F1-avedski landras x veliki jorkair (1), F1 x njema ki landras (2) i F1 x pietren (3). Do postizanja 100 kg tjelesne mase praeno je 76 svinja, koje su hranjene po volji. Nakon toga po jedna polovina svakog genotipa hranjena je po volji, a druga restriktivno 20%. U tovu do 100 kg prirasti su bili: 752, 780 i 710 g (P<0,01). U tovu od 100 do 150 kg svinje hranjene po volji imale su priraste: 580, 595 i 540 g (P<0,01), a hranjene restriktivno: 494, 502 i 465 g (P<0,01). Svinje hranjene po volji imale su 51,42, 51,01 i 53,08 % mesa (P<0,01), a hranjene restriktivno 53,10, 53,80 i 55,03 % (P<0,01). Genotip 3 imao je slabiju kakvou mesa procijenjenu na temelju pH1 i pH24, boje i gubljenja vode iz mesa. Svinje hranjene restriktivno u odnosu na hranjene po volji imale su za 0,06 do 0,15 ni~i % IMM (P<0,05) i manji gubitak vode iz mesa za 0,55 do 0,70 (P<0,01). Razlike u pH1, pH24 i boji mesa su bile male (P<0,05). Proizlazi da kri~anci s pietrenom radi slabijih proizvodnih svojstava nisu pogodni za tov do vee tjelesne mase. Restriktivna hranidba smanjuje priraste i konverziju hrane, poveava % mesa i ima povoljan utjecaj na kakvou mesa. Klju ne rije i: genotip, hranidba, kakvoa mesa, svinje Uvod Poveanje tjelesne mase svinja pri klanju smatra se gospodarski opravdanim iz razloga ato smanjuje broj krma a i troakove u farmi. Prema English i sur. (1996) tjelesna masa svinja kod klanja u svijetu varira od 90 do 150 i viae kg. Tov svinja do 150 kg prakticiraju zemlje koje proizvode trajne suhomesnate proizvode. Da uspjeanost tova do vee tjelesne mase ovisi o genotipu svinja ustanovili su Marija Uremovi i sur. (2004). Istra~ivanjem su obuhvaeni kri~anci izmeu avedskog landrasa, velikog jorkaira, njema kog landrasa i pietrena. Autori navode da poveanje tjelesne mase sa 100 na 130 kg smanjuje priraste za 70 do 75 g (P<0,01) i % mesa u polovicama za 1,80 do 2,83 (P<0,01), ali da poboljaava kakvou mesa. Prema istra~ivanjima na razli itim genotipovima andek-Potokar i sur. (1996, 1998), Abraham-Pani  i sur (2001), Galassi i sur (2004) produ~enje tova poveava troakove proizvodnje radi smanjivanja prirasta, poveanja konverzije hrane, unato  poboljaanju kakvoe mesa. Restriktivna hranidba svinja (30%), prema andek-Potokar i sur. (1998) u tovu do 130 kg signifikantno je smanjila priraste i konverziju hrane i poveala % mesa u polovicama. Restriktivno hranjene svinje imale su ni~i % IMM (P<0,01) i manje gubljenje vode iz mesa (P<0,01). Cilj ovog istra~ivanja je ustanoviti utjecaj genotipa i hranidbe po volji i restriktivne hranidbe na proizvodna svojstva svinja u tovu do 150 kg. Materijal i metode rada Ukupno 76 prasadi tri razli ita genotipa uklju eno je u praenje u tovu do 100 kg i do 150 kg. Genotipovi svinja bili su: F1-generacija avedski landras x veliki jorkair (1), F1 x njema ki landras (2) i F1 x pietren (3). U svaku skupinu uklju ena su po 2 muaka i 2 ~enska praseta iz istog legla. Tijekom tova svinje su dr~ane u skupnim boksovima. Do postizanja tjelesne mase cca 100 kg svinje su hranjene po volji, a potom su svinje sva tri genotip podijeljene na dvije skupine, od kojih je jedna skupina (A) hranjena po volji, a druga (B) restriktivno do postizanja cca 150 kg. Svinje hranjene restriktivno dobivale su 20% manje hrane. Od po etka tova do postizanja cca 100 kg svinje su hranjene smjesom u kojoj je bilo 13,10 MJ PE, 16,5% SP i 9,5 g lizina/kg smjese, a od 100 do 150 kg 13,3 MJ PE, 14,10% SP i 7,1 g lizina/kg smjese. Po zavraetku tova ustanovljen je prirast i konverzija hrane, a po zavraetku tova sa 150 kg % mesa u polovicama. Uzorci mesa na presjeku longisimusa dorsi uzeti su za laboratorijske analize. pH mesa odreen je u prvom i dvadeset etvrtom satu po klanju pH-metrom IQ 150. Boja mesa odreena je kolor trakama (skala 1-6). Postotak intramuskularne masti (IMM) ustanovljen je Soxhlet metodom, a sposobnost mesa za vezanje vode metodom ocjeivanja mesa po Honikel-u (1998). Dobiveni podaci analizirani su SAS (1996) statisti kim programom. Rezultati i rasprava Kri~anci s pietrenom u tovu do 100 kg inferiorniji su u odnosu na ostala 2 genotipa svinja. Da kri~anje s pietren pasminom ima negativan utjecaj na rezultate u tovu ustanovili su i Larzul i sur. (1997) i Uremovi i sur. (2004). Tablica 1. Proizvodna svojstva svinja u tovu do 100 kg SvojstvaGenotipoviOpravdanost razlika123n Tjelesna masa na po etku, kg Trajanje tova, dana Tjelesna masa na kraju, kg Dnevni prirast, g Konverzija hrane, kg 26 25,40 100b 100,60 752bc 3,05 26 24,90 98b 101,30 780b 2,90 24 25,71 106a 100,90 710a 3,22 NS * NS **Tablica 2. Rezultati u tovu svinja od 100 do 150 kg SvojstvaNa in hranidbeGenotipovi svinjaRazlike genotip/tretman123Tjelesna masa na po etku, kgA B 100,20 100,80 101,00 102,05 100,60 101,40NS NSNSTjelesna masa na kraju, kgA B 151,80 152,46 152,80 151,90 HJ|~V X   N صvrfbWKWKWh"he%CJH*aJh"he%CJaJhe%h"he%5CJaJh"h"h0J6CJaJ&jh"h6CJUaJ jh"h6CJUaJh"h6CJaJh"h2v6CJH*aJhhMzhCJH*aJhhMzCJH*aJhhMzhCJaJhhhMzhBvM5CJaJhhMzh5CJaJ|~ &((((~***++ $$Ifa$gdvr $`a$gd&$a$gd/{ $`a$gdkstN R Q  . p q fj&(DVrTvz,.ҿʬuuh>h>CJaJhX?CJaJh>CJaJh"hhMz5CJaJh"hhMz6CJaJhhMzh"hhMzCJaJh2WaCJaJh"hCJaJhksCJaJh"hBvMCJaJh"h1geCJaJh"he%CJaJh"he%CJH*aJ*Jn&fv8:pt Z!p!!!!"||tlth]CJaJhCJaJhX?CJaJh-|CJaJh"h-|CJH*aJh"h-|CJaJh/{5CJaJhe%5CJaJh/{h>5CJaJh/{h/{5CJaJh>h/{CJaJh!PCJaJhM4CJaJhG)CJaJhuCJaJh/{CJaJ*"#\$`$$$%X&\&&&&J'L'j'~'($(J(N(V(r((((((()")~******+.+++=,>,༳|tkhvrCJH*aJhACJaJhdCJaJh]hvrCJaJhMshvr6CJaJhvrCJaJhDCJaJh&CJaJh]5CJaJh]h]5CJaJh/{CJaJhCJaJhksCJaJh]CJaJhX?CJaJh2WaCJaJhCJaJ)+@+B+D+H+L+P+R+dXX $$Ifa$gd/{kd$$Ifl4F| "D p t06    44 la $$Ifa$gdvrR+T+X++++ ,J>5555 $Ifgdvr $$Ifa$gdvrkdU$$Ifl4r| +" D  p t0644 la ,,,,2,?,M,Z,i,v,|,,,,,,,,,,--- - - $$Ifa$gd/{ $$Ifa$gdt $Ifgdt $$Ifa$gdvr $Ifgdvr>,?,W,Y,i,s,|,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,------E-R.r..^/d/0R8R>R|RRRRRRRRRRxhh9dCJaJht;h9dCJaJh9dCJH*aJUhxh9dCJaJh9dCJaJhACJaJh2pCJaJhMsh2p6CJaJhthtCJaJhtCJH*aJhtCJaJhvrCJH*aJhvrCJaJhvrhvrCJaJ/ ---E-N-?7+ $$Ifa$gdA$a$gd/{kd$$Iflr| +"D p t0644 la $$Ifa$gdtN-.B.T.t.v.x.z.~.QH $IfgdAkdl$$Ifl4\$ " ` t0644 la $$Ifa$gdA~.... $$Ifa$gd/{ $$Ifa$gdA....7." $$Ifa$gdA $IfgdAkd$$Ifl4ֈ$ x-"   t0644 la..../$/:/P/V/^/d/ $$Ifa$gd $$Ifa$gd/{ $$Ifa$gdA d/f//% $Ifgd-Pkd$$Ifl֞$ x-"  t0644 la///////R*R0R8R>R $$Ifa$gd $$Ifa$gd/{ $$Ifa$gdA 149,90 150,20NS NSNSDnevni prirast, gA B 580b 494b 595b 502b 540a 465a** ****Konverzija hrane, kgA B 4,93 3,97 4,95 3,93 5,12 4,07% mesa u polovicamaA B 51,42b 53,10b 51,01b 53,80b 53,68a 55,03** ****pH1A B 6,41b 6,38b 6,40b 6,29b 6,15a 6,06a* *NSpH2A B 5,75b 5,65 5,59 5,62 5,49a 5,51* NSNSBoja mesa (skala 1-6)A B 3,24b 3,33b 3,18b 3,21b 2,85a 2,79a* *NS% IMMA B 3,10bc 2,95b 2,95b 3,01b 2,73a 2,60a* **Gubitak vode u 24 h, %A B 4,01 3,46 4,03 3,33 5,01 4,42** **** Kri~anci s pietrenom imali su signifikantno ni~i prirast, veu konverziju i % mesa u polovicama. Restriktivna hranidba smanjila je priraste za 75-93 g i konverziju hrane za 0,96-1,07 kg, a poveala mesnatost polovica za 1,68-1,92% (P<0,01). Kri~anci s pietrenom imali su slabiju kakvou mesa. Restriktivna hranidba nije utjecala na pH i boju mesa, ali je smanjila % IMM za 0,60-0,15% (P<0,05) i gubitak vode iz mesa za 0,55-0,70% (P<0,01). Literatura Abraham-Pani  Zorica, Sever S, Jeri  D, andak-Potokar Marjeta (2001): Rearing heavier Pigs for the Purposes of Prekmurska aunka production-Comparison of three Pig Genotypes. Zbornik Biotehniake fakultete Universa Ljubljana. Supl.31. 213-219. andek-Potokar Marijeta, }lender B. and Bonneau M. (1996): Quality parameters of pig longissimus dorsi muscle as affected by slaughter weight and breed. Proceeding of 42nd International Congres of Meat Science and Tehnology, 306-307. andek-Potokar Marijeta, }lender B., Lefaucheur L. and Bonneau M. (1998): Effect of Age and Weight at Slaughter on longissimus dorsi Muscle: Biochemical Traits and Sensory Quolity in Pigs. Meat Science, Vol.48. No , 287-300. English R., E., Vermonon R., F., Baxter S., Smith B. (1996): The Growth and Finishing Pig: Improving Efficiency. Optimum Weight at Slaughter-Theoretical Conciderations. 375-389. Gallassi G., Croretto G., M., rapetti L. and Tamburini A. (2004): Energy and nitrogen balance in heavy pigs fed different fibre sources. Livestock Production Science. Vol 85. 2/3. 253-262. Honikel K., O. (1998): Reference Methods for the Assessment of Physical characteristic of Meat. Meat Science. Vol. 49. 447-457. Larzul C., Roy P., Le Gueblez R., Talmant A., Gogue J., Sellier P., Monin G. (1997): Effect of halothanone genotype (NN, Nn, nn) on growth carcass and meat quolity traits of pigs slaughter at 95 or 125 kg live weight. Journal of Animal breeding and Genetics 144(4). 309-320. SAS Institute Inc. (1996): SAS/STAT Users Guide (Release 6.12 Ed.). Cary, NC: SAS Institute. Uremovi Marija, Uremovi Z., Konja i M. (2004): Influence of Genotype and Body Mass on Pig fattening traits. Priopenja. XXXIX skup hrvatskih agronoma. Opatija. 671-674. ABSTRACT Influence of genotype and feeding type on results in pig fattening The effects of genotype and feeding type on production traits in fattening up to 150 kg were studied. Three genotypes were included: F1  Swedish Landrace x Large White (1), F1 x German Landrace (2), and F1 x Pietrain (3). Up to 100 kg, 76 pigs were fed ad libitum. Thereafter, pigs from each genotype were divided in the two groups. The first group of pigs was fed ad libitum, and the second one restrictively with 20 % less food. In fattening up to 100 kg, daily gains were 752, 780, and 710 g. In fattening from 100 to 150 kg, pigs fed ad libitum had daily gains 580, 595, and 540 g, when pigs fed restrictively had 494, 502, and 465 g. In fattening from 100 to 150 kg, pigs fed ad libitum had meat percentage among 51.01 and 53.08 %, whereas pigs fed restrictively had among 53.10 and 55.03 %. Genotype 3 had the lowest meat quality evaluated as pH1, pH24, colour, and water capacity. Pigs fed restrictively had lower intramuscular fat percentage (P<0.05) as well as drip loss (P<0.01) than pigs fed ad libitum. Restrictive feeding of pigs fattened on higher body weight decreased daily gain and food conversion, increased meat percentage and had positive effect on meat quality. 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