ࡱ> FHE7 MbjbjUU x7|7|mHl$xxxx,,q/pLLLL:  .......$k1 3b.-".LLM+/LL..j-|.L <: x t-.DA/0q/-3}3.ECONOMIC EFFECTS OF E-BUSINESS ON DEVELOPMENT OF POSTAL TRAFFIC IN THE 21.TH CENTERY Drago Pupavac, MSc. Collegium Fluminensis Polytechnic of Rijeka Vukovarska 58, HR- 51000 Rijeka, Croatia E mail:  HYPERLINK mailto:dpupavac@ri.tel.hr dpupavac@ri.tel.hr Summary - The fundamental goal of this scientific discussion is to research effects of e-business on development of postal service for 21. century, i.e. finding the right answer to find the answer to the question if virtualization increases or decreases the need to develop postal traffic? In order to find the answer to the question in a scientific way in different combination the following scientific methods are used: analysis and synthesis method, descriptive methods, inductive and deductive methods, desk research method and method. Special attention in this scientific paper is given to the analysis of the phenomena of transformations of national postal operators into the logistics operators. Key words: e-business, postal services, postal operators INTRODUCTION Postal services, represent a large sector of the European economy: the annual turnover, of euro80 billion, is equivalent to 1,4% of the European Union's GDP, handle 135 billion items a year and the public-sector operators employ 1,4m people. The Internet challenges some postal services, such as routine letters. But online retailers need physical delivery, to carry orders to customers' homes. Therefore the task of this scientitific debate is to find the answer to the question if virtualization increases or decreases the need to develop postal traffic. Therefore, a working hypothesis has been established: Inexpensive, efficient postal services are thus an essential adjunct of e-commerce. The applied scientific research to prove the hypothesis is based on the methods of analysis and synthesis, the inductive and deductive methods, a comparative method, abstract and concrete methods a statistical and mathematical methods. the relevant characteristics of postal traffic and e-business The first documented use of an organized courier service for the diffusion of written documents is in Egypt, where Pharaohs used couriers for the diffusion of their decrees in the territory of the State (2400 BC). The first well documented postal service is that of Rome. Organised at the time of Augustus Caesar (62 BC-AD 14), it may also be the first true mail service. The service was called cursus publicus, and was provided with light carriages called rhed with fast horses; additionally there was another, slower, service equipped with two-wheels carts (birol) pulled by oxen. This service was reserved to the government's correspondence; another service for citizens was later added. By the name of the stations in which mail was distributed and messengers' routes crossed, derives the Latin name of mail, Posta (originally posata or pausata = place of rest) because in these stations messengers used to rest during their voyages. The English term "mail" is instead supposed coming from the Teutonic name for the bag used by messengers. Anything sent through the postal system is called mail or post. In principle, a postal service can be private or official. Restrictions are generally placed on private systems by governments. Since the 19th century, national postal systems have generally been established as government monopolies with a fee on the article prepaid, often in the form of adhesive stamps. Government monopolies generally do not extend to delivery of parcels or courier services providing express mail. Since the advent of e-mail, which is usually faster, the postal system has come to be referred to in Internet slang by the retronym snail mail. Modern mail is usually organised by national services (that in recent times are increasingly being replaced by privately-owned companies). In the 20th century, mail has found an evolution in vehicles using newer technologies to deliver the documents, especially through the telephone network; these new telephone network; these new vehicles include telegram, telex, facsimile, e-mail, short message service (SMS). E-commerce (or its synonym, e-business) is the use of computer networks, primarily the Internet, to buy and sell products, services and information. The result of e-commerce is a great range of fast, low-cost electronic services. Former IBM chairman Louis Gerstner belives e-commerce is a whole new way of doing business and describes it as ...all about cycle time, speed, globalization, enhanced productivity, reaching new customers, and sharing knowledge across institutions for competitive advantage. E-commerce offers a tremendously wide variety of electronic business opportunities, limited only by imagination. Internet electronic commerce includes electronic trading of physical goods and intangibles such as information. This encompasses all the trading steps such online marketing, ordering, payment, and support for delivery. Internet is create a new mode of transportation electronic transportation. Electronic transportation is the newest mode that transports goods such as music1, previosly sent solely by physical modes, electronicaly via the Internet. A lot of computer software is now digitally downloaded by the user. The next business to head this way are films, newspapers and books. Besause of that some author sugest the broad understanding of what electronic commerce is about, namely doing business elecronicaly. Within the popular term e-commerce, four definitons are frequently used. They are based on the type of transaction. These for types of transaction are shown in Table 1. Table 1: Types of E-Commerce Transactions  EMBED CorelDRAW.Graphic.9  The B2B segment of e-commerce has grown to over $1 trillion in the U.S. and constitutes about 80% of the e-commerce market. According to Forrester Research, electronic commerce generated sales worth US $ 12.2 billion in 2003. Interlation between e-BUSINESS AND POSTAL SERVICES E-commerce is a paradigm shift much more dramatic than deregulation was in 1980. Today's postal firms face a greater threat than even before. For example, after the air-cargo market was deregulated in 1980. private firms destroyed United States Postal Service (USPS) grip on the parcels market. The way people and companies communicate is changing. Electronic messages are substituting for snail mail. Specialists in logistics are threatening to grab big chunks of the market for moving the goods required by business. Liberalistaion and modernisation are the main objectives of postal policy. Without competition, postal incumbents may miss opportunities in rapidly developing markets, such as high-margin services that quarantee delivery at a set time and so-called hybrid mail where the sender of a large business mailing starts the process by sending an e-mail to a specialist printing and mailing firm. E-shops and postal service Most commercial Web sites are business-to-consumer electronic shops, selling for example flowers, books, airline tickets, food, beverage, consumer products, health care products, defence and aerospace products, steal and metal products, retail goods, hotels (). Benefits sought for the company are increased demand, a low-cost route to global presence, and cost reduction in promotion and sales. Benefits for the customer can be lower prices compared to the traditional offering, wider choice, better information and convenience in selecting, buying and delivery, including 24-hour availability. E-shops has revolutionized not only the way goods are sold, but how they are delivered. The growth of e-shops increases the amount shipped in small packages to customers. The biggest advantage of the Postal service is its network and powerful infrastructure. Only efficient operators will succeed in the emergent logistic business. With more competition to spure change, some postal operators might be among them. Postal operators have to try to turn from a national post office into an international logistics operators, delivering not just letters, but anything from anywhere to anywhere else, at any time. E-goverment and postal service Using the e-business infrasturcture, e-government brings closer the functions and citizen services, and greatly improves the relations citizen administration. Using his computer, a citizen can contact the administration and ask for information, forward inquiries and applications, receive the requested receipts and confirmations, pay all his invoices (utility bills, taxes, duties, fines, ). Also, the "exclusive stands" have been introduced to serve both the administration and public services for performance of their activities. Such stands are now being opened in post offices, administrative buildings, courts (). So the tough competition between Post and currier services for delivery of court and administrative addresses, utility invoices and other bills, seems exhausted and somewhat ridiculous. Because of that the Postal operator should continue introdusing new services and look for ways to market them all effectively. E-banking and postal service E-banking (Internet banking) is a term used for performing transactions, payments etc. over the internet through a bank's secure website. This can be very useful, especially for banking outside bank hours (which tend to be very short) and banking from anywhere where internet access is available. E-payment is approximately 100 times cheaper that classic payment and significantly improves the clients' awareness. Classic and mobile Internet are being used for all banking transactions. Post office operators should also introduce e-banking business. The advantages of e-banking from the user's point of view are shown in an Internet study done by Privredna banka Zagreb. The poll is still in progress, and it begun 12th July 2004. The results of this poll (number of votes 3446) as per 3rd January 2005 should be as follows (graph 1)  EMBED Excel.Chart.8 \s  Source:  HYPERLINK "http://www.pbz.hr" www.pbz.hr Graph 1: The most important advantages of Internet banking as per user's point of view THE EFFECTS OF E-BUSINESS ON POSTAL SERVICES DEVELOPMENT European Union intent to create a single market in postal service. Objectives of European Uninon in postal service are also high level of employment, social protection and high quality of universal service. The increase in demand within the postal sector as a whole, predicted for the medium term, could help to offset the loss of market share that the universal service providers may incur as a result of further market-opening and would thereby further safegard the universal service. E-business and global market are the main factors because the Europe's postal system is modernised. E-busines also promises to create vast new markets in the physical delivery of goods. The main activity in Postal Service organization is transportation of mail and packages in a country and outside the borders. But Post office has yet two important products: logistics and financial services. The next graph (graph 2) also confirms these statements.  Graph 2: Deutsche Post's turnover by product division The growth of Deutsche Post and expansion of its activities have been remarkable. Deutsche Post is Europes second-most efficient post office. In 1998, mail accounted for almost three-quarters of its turnover, with express parcels making up the rest. In the first half of 2000. year, mail, though still the biggest of the companys four divisions, accounted for only 35% of sales. Parcels share was about one-sixth. The restie, almost halfwas split evenly between new divisions for logistics and financial services. Deutsche Posts activities are by far the most controversial. It has made acquisitions in all the main European markets and in all the big postal sectorsparcels, express mail and logistics, as well as letters. Mail. For many Postal operators main profit came from the mail division. In EU private leters sent between individuals represent only 8% of total mail volume and Christmas cards account for half of this. A study by the EU found that the costs of the Universal Service Obligation (USO) vary from 5% to 14% of the state monopolists' revenues. Because of that EU wants to: 1) reduce the letters monopoly to 50 grams, 2) liberalise direct mail, and 3) liberalise outbound cross-border mail. In the EU, items of ordinary correspondence diferent weighing represents diferent part of the total postal revenues of the universal service providers (cf. graph 3).  INCLUDEPICTURE "http://www.economist.com/images/20000513/csf249.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET  Graph 3: Domestic mail revenues of universal-service providers in 2000. Direct mail represents in most Member States a dynamic and growing market. Direct mail is already largely open to competition in six Member States. The improvments in service flexibility and pricing resultant from competition would improve the position of direct mail versus alternative communications media, which, in turn, would be likely to lead to new postal items as an aditional spin-off and strengthen the position of the postal industry as a whole. It is a very interesting information that the number of letters in Republic of Croatia has increased in 2003 in respect to 1999 by 6,9% ad has reached the number of 340 millions. The inner mail traffic registers the constant growth, which during the said period amounted to 10,21%. At the same time the international mail traffic is registering constant decrease in number of postal services rendered. Letters of up to 100 grams make the core of mail traffic, and this amounts to more then 100 millions HRK. Number of letters mailed in the international traffic has decreased for 13,6% in the mentioned period. Express parcels. The market in USA for express parcels by itself was worth $22.6 billion in 1997. Parcel division in many countries are the part of Post office, which compete against private-sector firms. Distinctions between postal, express and logistics services are blurring. And the fastest-growing part of the business is catering to the demand for outsourcing by providing companies with third-party logistics. The most famous express parcel carriers are truly a World-class organization. One of the most important strategic decision made by companies like Federal Express, DHL, TNT (...) is where to locate their operations. The International aspects of these decision is an indication of the global nature of location decisions. The Croatian post from 2002 has offered customers high-speed post, called hpexpress. Croatia has a four postal logistical centres: Zagreb, Split, Rijeka and Osijek. In one area it is possible to send and receive mail or packages in a few hours. If a customer send mail or packages from one area to another it can take up to about 19 hours on the same day. The mail or packages can be delivered to the right address the next day or in two days for a lower price. From 1999 till 2003 the number of packages has almost doubled. That is, in 1999 there were 1 238 000 packages distributed, while in 2003 there were 2 136 000 packages . Fincial services. The financial-services operation are very important for many Postal operators. For example, with 255 trillion ($2.1 trillion) of deposits, Japans postal savings system is the biggest financial institution in the world. Japan's postal savings accounts make up 35% of all household deposits, nearly as much as all deposits in commercial banks put together. The postal insurance business has 117 trillion in policies, and controls more than a third of the countrys life-insurance market. Germany's ten-year-old Deutsche Postbank, for instance, has profits of 500m a year. Since 1st April 2002 Croatian post provides cash payments in the name and for the account of Hrvatska poatanska banka d.d. Zagreb. Logistics. Logistics is the process of planning, implementing, and controlling the efficient, effective flow and storage of goods, services, and related information from point of origin to point of consumption for the purpose of confirming to customer requirements. Many e-merchants outsourced the whole business of order checking and distribution because they found that their own distribution systems, geared to moving goods on pallets from warehouse to shops, proved a disadvantage, not a benefit. Everybody used carriers or the post for delivery. UPS (United Parcel Service) has been one of the biggest beneficiaries of the e-commerce boom in USA: it reckons to handle around two-thirds of all goods ordered online. It has also developed a sophisticated (and very popular) website-cum-tracking service that allows consumers to check exactly where their order is at any time of the day or night. It has edged out its biggest rival, Fedex, which realised too late that its main business, document delivery, was being disintermediated by e-mail. To find right answer on the logistics challenge postal operators are baying logistics firms. CONCLUSION The postal system is a part of the transportation and communication system. Postal services are a large and still growing sector in most countries. The economic powerful postal operators try to transform their main focus from national post office to world's top logistics company. E-business is a paradigm shift much more dramatic than deregulation was in 1980. E-business has plenty in common with postal services. Inexpensive, efficient postal services are thus an essential adjunct of e-business. For a postal system it is very important to have a good infrastructure and network connections throughout the country. The main activity in Postal Service organization is transportation of mail and packages, logistics and financial services. LiteraturE [1] Turban, E., et. al.: Electronic Commerce, Prentice Hall, New York, 2000. [2] Timmers, P.: Electronic commerce Strategies and Models for Business-to-Business Trading, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Chichester, England, 2000. [3]  HYPERLINK "http://www.usatoday.com/tech/news/2003-12-22-shoppers_x.htm" \o "http://www.usatoday.com/tech/news/2003-12-22-shoppers x.htm" Kessler, M. (2003). More shoppers proceed to checkout online. Retrieved January 13, 2004 (http://www.usatoday.com/tech/news/2003-12-22-shoppers_x.htm) [4] Deusche Post Logistical challenge, The Economist, 16.11.2000 [5] Statistical yearbook 2003. [6] Distribution dilemmas, The Economist, 24.02. 2000. j)? @ *0(-λxpjd[d[d[d[56CJ\] 5CJ\ 5CJ\;CJmH sH 56CJ]mHsHCJ\mHsHCJ\mHsH:CJmHsH CJOJQJ5CJOJQJ\mHsHCJOJQJmHsH CJOJQJCJOJQJ\mH sH CJOJQJmH sH 5CJOJQJ\mH sH 0JCJjCJU jCJUCJ#UVj@ $a$h`h`h^h & F $[$\$a$$a$$a$M-:@DK#$  e:;WXYZ\BVwx"""##+$#'''((*û}zwpwppwpiw CJmH sH CJmHsHCJCJ;CJ\mHsH ;CJ\ 5CJ\ jUjv1E UVmH sH  jUCJH*\mHsH5CJmHsHCJ\mHsH5CJPJ\mH sH 56CJ\]mH sH 5CJH*\mH sH 5CJ\mH sH 56CJ\] 5CJ\'$e:\]^@ABvw"###''` & F$`a$h^h & F$`a$$a$$a$''++#+Y++++++./////////////$h`ha$ & F$`a$$a$$a$ & F******+++ +!+"+#+++,+K+L+M+W+X+++++++///40p0q0򾵥ˌ~lf`WCJOJQJaJ 5CJaJ 5CJ\"j5CJU\mHnHsH u 5CJ\;CJmHsH5CJ\mH sH 0J5B*CJ\phwhjx5CJU\wh5CJ\whj5CJU\wh5CJ\mH sH ji U%jE 5CJUV\aJmH sH  jU 5CJ\CJCJH*///////2224K5L5M55555":#:5:|?~??pCrCC/H$a$$`a$$a$q012333M5N5555555::;>>|?~??l@v@hBjBxB|BpCrCCDEEEEEG/H1H=H>HI1JJ#K$K&K¿򑿉{{{ CJmH sH  CJmH sH ;CJmHsH5CJ\aJmH sH B*CJOJQJaJph5B*CJaJph 5CJaJCJH*CJ5CJ CJ\aJCJ\ 5CJ\ j)U jU5CJOJQJ\aJ 5CJ\ 5CJaJ5CJ\aJ./H0H1HtZkr_E._PE/(vԻ= &+nVJN(@˝ ( prFUݡE\=K[E6~A}4B>:WrCq)VsYlCiy& aE5Ϊ,z0ޝW(-wkFmg@Tn¾](.@' E"Roeo (h:&:\ ܧ˖3vK18b!+Yqx/\_qiОL1r_D-. Qw★4SxqAM9HE9Lӧ3D{1JDlCO/;PUL6 !ŶZGu|o s4 Pe1t`zE/FieaZ`!TA% Zamtp@tM>m9M)u]?St[g)<27?H`%&"@{O^&2- $naR*:2I2Z1 FqB~q-F F.b|H敬5'~Ea6 w;}0.?>:† D>:d}RXEЃԫa%̌0-ԶxB1/ZCrE]- !'6w)fR uꝨS0jRUY7kļގhܫD*\P.)#z1GYRpfQ}$g+]J6\x'fA(hA^,/Rw{b0£^MӒKy֗o҈zYt;.Ne9^4av{qj5#ϱx#|ti5'֤DKE~*sz]6% -MkO#Αd7J!Q}n|G \gkycFʧBE35EЁ0yaiDj<9W (%-]RCsZY`?S}MG_"X`_o~ԷB'KZ'S! ǵnݼ6yH. IW>1H R1FXEtDϲJŠc"٣`a6!~X)ǂ)"`K!|"׹AbKA 82PUV?oH.L\ac3b0Rʘ#jj'н '~d2Wzd74r1O/M %}{DHfPb>]NdI-Κ]ɴbU >>%l?L c" "O,}DziT z> O͉گA 0_3mLᷩ&RZwk Q'H=ů_'LO"m5wniRC6>$ +OgS?dᱲ{&AzV_rz@#@ϱXyfmXt 6ψ0a/+ w릳\u8(:ɍ:Q~X3^_Hnp.]_ _ȍ i>eaOD=ʲg$ϐdiO dVY\F_襯OOFOP%9X > ұ6%ag}RcS&\=*k8h6+-|Bc62^en%Aߘ--"jeQ .: z(JoWl+R*,1dxMPb&A&A p7-1{~G-JI/(! qOAK=AQ7&JBq%}ùeA"J~OٷBERPET%1YDI(ԋU9Ktp}]Ba§ʏB'||\'88Է'NwBzwϼ%+&"^,8\md#/~}ؕ~G(|J4ƁK_8f}~y_{̴8'W^CfoH{ǹ٤|Bs|ϕ|F|޸1 E I]hSpOmoH@OQQoxpE9P~PK__@1s _, s+έ-~g(!s4Y>x='<^n.E/.R5|) _~?YHc_8Lk, :x㬥1=zdяAm_:C21Iôy`4!NAQ}e`^9DXDĂe` `({KN#ʁa|)^Wԋԋ+?梳KZ%g(ْ-×%)!M i%5s*l dK [ J _b×w(ɉKHSB]!͑n _i=P7barRnDkˈ.. WeDӈ>=U3%+L~7 Cc=$&FL άFLRK/ a99 ̏!D8o]P5Vu|*%\W:~<"tZ=ՆҀ wۮ::|{T N ߮U.:󑇼K[iqlaa&g)HF%ZAxkYwH]Rͫ^+؜VP]S}X,`0S:TR.R3 KLSwdᙰ)A9]JCWSzdR`:rmOa#DttX@;uRI^aA1nzqNzϮlp+:9]J?@}+;Nl4I%zҁRx2lCcLbxCN EOJSDW % C vcXh`Ύֵ+2U!9 kKC`MhOMO'JnOl[#4o@PALnRݪVh}e٠K++9㮳Tc n>i[՞NwK?$9Sõ]K#5k4X&zpL#IW:#T*0H Obec%QAb=i_wNն#"@7G/rOd%m>A Is/CHtUpoh_֡/ߍsIU=wR||-@a5ʈƠiZgT0ۯS/ߥ *h+i psEoQdC&ԑ l?w/_G!IENDB`DyK dpupavac@ri.tel.hryK 4mailto:dpupavac@ri.tel.hr Dd 00  # A2 _N.'Q.}4 `! _N.'Q.}4en5+ x՜}h1i5MҮT%Ė4RIus"v%RORTDd(C!C ? !MF״;QDDN3{$iZS7 ܦ:כsԐReGJiq23R]|l|53߫'m呿{BQ$)ύƢx0ץ"^TS\sJ}ڝhz4L+hZ,i%O}8VW 櫠1KH~.*vQedgZvssSDs zbpo8_ ^#`oڞ}kl??ZE|:IUgY^lf_lVlVlVlVlV?lV?lV?lV M+_ M+͹M+u}nZinlVg M+MsJs`ܴE}nZinlVlVlVlV M+sJs`ܴ|`ܴ|`ܴ|`ܴ|`ܴ|`ܴ|`ܴ|`ܴҼR}nZiZ}nZiV}nZi^}nZi^%>74 M+k禕`ܴҼ^}nZilV7 M+ͷ M+ͷ M+wM+w M+͛禕禕{禕{禕禕禕͂sJsJ#sJViyD}nZi~\}nZi~R}nZi~J}nZi~F}nZi~V}nZi!>74lVM+/M+/ M+ͯM+ͯ M+oM+o M+M+ M+M+禕禕/禕CsJsii^}nZinlVOlV禕湂sJ|i4iy`ܴҼP}nZi>K}nZi>G}nZi^">74w M+禕sJsJs`ܴ|`ܴ|`ܴ|`ܴ|`ܴ|`ܴ|`ܴ|`ܴ|`ܴҼZ}nZi^#>74lV禕 sJ͂sJ-sJmsJ禕 M+ͿlV%>74->74Z}nZi`ܴ[iwsJ禕禕-sJ6isJsJ禕禕? M+lVw M+ͻ禕}sJKsJ~6|Wx._lGh~S7m6|wx.lGhH7S6|x. #\4)ƛpќ+6| 7᣹A7y`o>Es`o>Es`o>E<6|Sx.x.lGh>S7l6|łmm]m #\4/ƛp|`o>EEm͗#\4_&ƛp|`o>EJ6|x.lGh^7y`o>Es`o>EZ6|`o>Ez6|A6|捂mͷ #\4.ƛp|`o>Em͛x.lGhG7^6|x.lGh,ƛp`o>E#m[x.Gx.lGh~R7)6|gx.lGh!ƛpѼK7y`o>E m/ #\4"ƛp`o>Emo #\4#ƛp`o>Emx.?lGhB7`o>Es*me lGhl6 #\4,ƛp,ƛpEim x. #\4%ƛp|`o>E6|N6|em+x./lGhlGhX7R6|x.lGhJ76|x.olGh^-ƛpѼF7y`Vo AFh_7Zri-Z 5<rSٙsP<\C׏U;cytʻiwJ{S|irz wjiM\Ssj|gl}Fa}?Z[hAp{zF{8%SMʧ4a+oӂIߒΏ5}Ғ=:\uf='!`-.捿S~VKqbWnק{h`m_iNjJkK|JS>эZ|Vhn5͎_oټ#>i7:~6:j }_,_i~3=)ό_|<>Ǖ?Gy壟wt2ĵ(jߞ?wgYz9kk:[_x|>'ܖ~==S-褫/clVtSfizӴInH٤t~@EdTq0E#"a(c2smnfS)${@ūKEogs*C6NފԍA^00CH Nt`C411++Q̩ (+Eyp\"^9Vf+s<=K?@ABCDG_aKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^`bndefghijklmpqrstuvwxyz{|}~Root Entry FpV:I Data =6WordDocumentxObjectPool:pV:_1166160246eF::Ole ObjInfoCorelDRAWJ(  "#$%&'()*+,-./1Oh+'Oh+'0 4 @ L X dpxRIFF(CDR9vrsnLIST2 doc pfrdmcfgPZ Q-p8WM(?M(??8888 8c1 ddd?????@@ptrt.,<?FLIST^fnttfont%@Times New Roman CEfont#J@ AvantGarde Bk BTole2LISTLfiltLIST0filcfild$H-DdE@<LISTdfilcfildXa@<2ddLISTdfilcfildXk@<2dLIST0filcfild$ d@<LISTotltoutl8d??d@<outlP9d??d@<outlL 2d??LISTstlt :H-aX  ;P9<8 L <JJ@@@ОΉ@<Ή@ >80?@B@B@B' -h@c9 V? c5  ncdPIDefault Artistic Text:;< >0?h@PIHDefault Graphic<hPB X  ОPI@Z) X  ОPI` X  ОPIZ) 8hA X  О8PI~ X  О8PI X  О8PILISTuil LISTpageflgsbboxobbx LISTFgobjLISTllayrflgs LISTTlgoblodaGG$ 04@G.GuidesLISTllayrflgsLISTTlgoblodaHH$04@H.dDesktopLISTllayrflgsLISTTlgoblodaHH$04@H.dLayer 2LISTllayrflgsLISTTlgoblodaHH$04@H.dLayer 1LISTjlayrflgsLISTRlgoblodaEE$ 04@E.GridLISTpageflgsbbox.);ٟobbx q?5y>q?5y>usdnLIST$lgobloda||8X\`dhltx| d..> X u L ftil0??LIST\trfltrfdPPP ?tA?phtxsm0?tA?ph `C2C Consumer-to-consumerLISTobj spndflgs bboxh?x~p>obbx h?x~p>h?x~p>usdnLIST$lgobloda||8X\`dhltx| d..>~ p1 L ftil0??LIST\trfltrfdPPP ?q?htxsm?q?h~ C2B Consumer-to-businessLISTobj spndflgs bboxC+HBobbx C+HBC+HBusdnLIST$lgobloda||8X\`dhltx| d..>hA xv `b L ftil0??LIST\trfltrfdPPP ?A?>xsm?A?&ghA B2C Business-to-consumerLISTobj spndPflgs bboxiCYBobbx iCYBiCYBusdnLIST$lgobloda||8X\`dhltx| d..>Z) ) ȢH-P9ftil0??LIST\trfltrfdPPP ?q?@MgtxsmP?q?@MgZ) B2B Business-to-businessLIST:obj spndflgs bbox;PC4Bobbx ;PC4B;PC4BusdnLIST$lgobloda||8X\`dhltx| d..>` Z) 裬 L ftil0??LIST\trfltrfdPPP ?k?gtxsm?k?g`  ConsumerLIST:obj spndhflgs bbox,]oEcEobbx ,]oEcE,]oEcEusdnLIST$lgobloda||8X\`dhltx| d..>@Z) 0 P/ L ftil0??LIST\trfltrfdPPP ?hA?]gtxsmh?hA?]g@Z)  ConsumerLIST:obj spnd flgs bbox6LqpEk1Eobbx 6LqpEk1E6LqpEk1EusdnLIST$lgobloda||8X\`dhltx| d..>PB  ( L ftil0??LIST\trfltrfdPPP ?<?]gtxsm ?<?]gPB  BusinessLIST:obj spnd( flgs bboxd>1>obbx d>1>d>1>usdnLIST$lgobloda||8X\`dhltx| d..>h hH-P9ftil0??LIST\trfltrfdPPP ??`9htxsm( ??`9hh BusinessLISTBobj flgs bbox']@k_Y@obbx ']@k_Y@'@k_@usdnLISTlgoblodann,@DHLPnd..HX~ 7 DLIST\trfltrfdPPP &??TgLISTBobj flgs bboxX:xD\:ٟ;852.+ ' $! ""##$ $%%%&&&&'''''''&&&&%%%$$##""!  ~{yvsqomkigedcba ` _ ^ ^^^^)^*^+^,_-`.a0b1c2d3e4g5i6k7m8o9q:s;v<y={>~?@@ABCCDEEFFGGHHHIIIIJJJJJJJIIIIHHH GGFFE E$D'C+C.B2A5@8@;?>>A=C<F;H:K9M8O7Q6S5T4V3W2X1Y0Y 3f- 3f$ZY XWVTSQOMLJGEB?=:730-) &!"!"###$ $%%%&&&&''''''''&&&&%%%$$##"!! ~{yvsqomkigedcba ` _ _ ^ ^^^Y ---'--- 3f ---'--- 3f ----------'--- 3flM--  2 U favourable   2 charges - 2 25% ----'---  ---------'--- `-- 2 e simplicity - 2 28% ----'---  ---------'--- KR-- 2 UW accessibility - 2 47% ----'---  ---'---  --  --'   '  '  'Oh+'0@H`x Drago PupavacxDrago PupavacxMicrosoft Excel@['@y8՜.+,0 PXx  Veleuilite u Rijecits @\p Drago Pupavac Ba== <X@"1Arial1Arial1Arial1Arial1Arial1.Times New Roman1Arial1Arial1Arial1Arial1Arial1Arial1Arial#,##0\ "kn";\-#,##0\ "kn"##,##0\ "kn";[Red]\-#,##0\ "kn"$#,##0.00\ "kn";\-#,##0.00\ "kn")$#,##0.00\ "kn";[Red]\-#,##0.00\ "kn">*9_-* #,##0\ "kn"_-;\-* #,##0\ "kn"_-;_-* "-"\ "kn"_-;_-@_->)9_-* #,##0\ _k_n_-;\-* #,##0\ _k_n_-;_-* "-"\ _k_n_-;_-@_-F,A_-* #,##0.00\ "kn"_-;\-* #,##0.00\ "kn"_-;_-* "-"??\ "kn"_-;_-@_-F+A_-* #,##0.00\ _k_n_-;\-* #,##0.00\ _k_n_-;_-* "-"??\ _k_n_-;_-@_-"Yes";"Yes";"No""True";"True";"False""On";"On";"Off"                + ) , *        `QChart2Sheet1USheet2HSheet3`iZR3  @@  : accessibilityfavourable charges simplicity    @M6HP DeskJet 930C/932C/935C (CopyXC 4d,,A4DINU"4$ $$$$" d,,??3`  `   `   3d23 M NM4 3QQ ;Q ;Q3_4E4D $% M 3O& Q4$% M 3O& Q4FA#Y3OK3" :dd$% XM 3OQ '43_ M NM  MM< 444% = XM#3O85& P  Q 0favourable charges 25%'4%  wXM#3O/&& P Q  simplicity 28%'4%   XM#3O(95& P Q &accessibility 47%'44e simplicity# accessibility-favourable chargeseY<@(\oG@Hz8@e> Hz @  dMbP?_*+%M6HP DeskJet 930C/932C/935C (CopyXC 4d,,A4DINU"4$ $$$$" d,,??U ~ &@ ~ O@ ~ \@ (&&(  p  6NMM?]`jm  @"j??3`  `  `   ?3d23 M NM4 3QQ ;Q ;Q3_4E4D $% M 3O& Q4$% M 3O& Q4FA3O/3" :dd$% XM 3OQ '43_ M NM  MM< 444% T\XM#3O(?(&P Q &accessibility 47%'4% J\XM#3O/(&P Q  simplicity 28%'4% `nXM#3O87&P Q 0favourable charges 25%'44eee >@7 @  dMbP?_*+%"??hU>@7 @  dMbP?_*+%"??hU>@7 SummaryInformation(DocumentSummaryInformation8@1Table3SummaryInformation( Sheet1Sheet2Sheet3Chart2  WorksheetsChartsOh+'0t  0 < HT\dlMrrDrago PupavacoragragNormaluDrago Pupavaco2agMicrosoft Word 9.0@@:@Kȿ^CWxw wM酤N y=P}KDS6q~N-aCK~׿mWe*oidX*c!4cZ]a׋xgTc'd=չ(a5Ԁ}=u:KD[Y:c.~;;'cєk]e\n$ص>ݨW]E-7NӅhaڣ(5ɞ2FfL rt+ӹ7u|QyXޏH3H$J}fLP|BZ1,{ه͋}qNNY}u?2]*OJb^]!DyK  www.pbz.hryK &http://www.pbz.hr/$DdZ  S Ahhttp://www.economist.com/images/20000513/csf249.gifb#xY) #mn|#xY) PNG  IHDR,X gIFxADOBE:IR1.01a`PLTE2 ϙ>Tkfgg33gv{g.%-4לZyiˢP(oÍ cmPPJCmp0712Hs"IDATx^] ]^Zw#>1rLBBx˿`ނK~̿ /@ e,Q!6ʪr|*T=Yth%*NPQꊢ˶(2"ECUe)e,+"[_í(OOMsg*,sey,Ò@Y/ΠDS)0,TC SEӗ`OL+6Ҁ49<)2` 9pX`m2dL^MYs5E"*xuaK.JU''ۺiZ]+xވy^4RHZXY ã6$)Q 6@ל/U @4p$QíH8TDLFqX9z[s-Ǧ"XROV\ՂU1^l,alc`ì pYWd$' YWvpP/L ^-F"0Ή'rRaC0$:ßjl Z,i Izg_ ,?b{@.IȆKʍ2mD;ٚT7` I{,a#1` eGgC;j`C4 poܩ|z9"oXl9*{2 x{$eSd;n@YD)خe{MgPK_5xްV ު(>o}L!HF+oofF˘[8C5 aJ#ׂ5xvwx<khum0 ,⼨{)Hp|* 3۬qzqXW) VWzjpYZkc< |Z(wp!Z[+ZFVWe>L^ThjXξ5T<;ZS_mdˋ,tfJ X9u ذIUnRUݢ*XTbkz0*8ڦ*U4oSm6Ya8!/4О63h x"ެAflnk WP[cFH9*V,93hWm_/O].^̀EE%m:|@e,9նIKUv`љ&BZCA;^I78inO,-W ئtex>[ ,)w% ΈliO/TA_u@(\ >y Ɖx:kʑ0 @ŀQs, Ї,8+#y߷(~{j|(95GkEsUZ! |`!1 eh1ʢSU1#)>!,M^ &}f8dn-73S"$ ۄTa/txMK1b%a#G4{6=ƪ1b<sM f{..v:b"a:O$iK*"jV0"JJPQL*X@EmÞ -e9,Gh=10o=`!nl 3^mOYV!NCP@ Y^x/q?x(;W > '8)ˈ}AC^sABoU ebpAc?Śxl,@i @B/K %`2iጼĊV03c]Kl?,Sqr6Teà`uxɈ2&+:@"3V+۷p1Ɣ*C0" ]`1ac0Db/,B`ex46x-]T1Fu:Gg{o:^!Vφ>rP |=(<:R#,1>RS%zPM$eRXATre| [}E#c@Y 0P8-i` =F`)aɁ~d㊍J)y4% w%#poS6dh}5\B*ZYR=oXwE\_&PCzPXsaO)A1@p0JY“pRJx1yHW h '14 6$}%췣j@/RMPSOqXWXdEܸ!NEXqɀe\%P>.}h ? 1\Ɉ8Xt׭udX@qbzqM {Ϗ`NdLѴIkvPH=G+.~X^oR*zCf" l6Is`-A jk$P5t&g,V4-ڨ=1+|\ 瀥Š@ۊJ_޸& V:7{sU(H7 Vׯ[:$,꼂!w5|2 s%f`ތ&+, ( hq!aRB̥GxЙ5%Lz1h哤,YtE sz ,P^40=@Ł%zC2(ɿF±5K1%] F{&'J"5Re$kw*LObe5ks}#[0b4NHzͦMsjJQl( iCWxO Z{\ #c&(d K^)YKudOV ) K합j3&XY^D>a hVcךaQ9)K\'UPL'O`&`!'Z"[ۉٴ>%E2R127 VτY=e᜞̢5 1g,8q1X`ԁyOp'V&""CXorp te%H34n݌siPV_ej `#AIE39U5?:/i|GXS4X`k+'Bfq6kѾM3$* En#ZW؆ԊdU`];S^~g-뇃E#Pu[V}hm^zb.p͝TR a<ўRhR#3 v~,O4Ļ?%}%ٰl3h?NRH`?+ZrBV4_V͏?MnV)dcʈMq/fh?:QgdxXYfWoU []E5UHg3(X,&2~WreM kl=Z|CcmDC'ڡTvXUS8XMIp>3u,Y #.=&5$2}[M҂*beVa,hqq.Lϓ8'wu+k}_d-0vh?w3,;/m,8ų cJn [Yva6΄ı4GBsnEGz2וg2k7rYЀ]a󠪓Y,$&One _ 9œ!zoͩUׇ@t1ay #\BALKʒt-rdR0jLg¢gdKJA.3VazXc  ꀸX-` =̲ +*~z̆m rgVaXk΂' M,Fꬌq+F8ѐ^2[e:&ɍWZjl-F G`9,I2j b/YkgxNq&H9 Õ/ѐDk.Ӑe8(p38VAֈdCyeA)j #6zVrkk:N]=fIv7|>*,=52Ch0''*Vұ aA G-Q eKYQ %uƞkh-XA҈W-S1dˤ?XM>k5E3=Mg/œ2L7hZ);X <@[(K6L) #Y5:\aG2YE3J.ȆV!u4 :^*!h^ق4 #VYPU?Sf3'o"QѿIk ,#X0rVb-oHxpTRAXyz>xMzAX{kY`CUH-ay?N{AX2YSh  ur0 :% ^i;{Kaj9 "UQj068>?yH JXS+Ճ@0XʏhX>EY*]([Sue>awsÆ6aYaѳk IkԱ(`m4Φf}"}R kNF,IkzT)gxmé CJ*ewM`l:'cJ$V_'Ɣdg`Ep1$QK pR$,R ;QFZɜdR,VI33 +^`19"or'`?eɾ ȬOa({,XFAi6dRs]B'; Ӥ>Q }CFE9V5GOiX~/L sfw7o^U`x p'SOQKdWZ5KLN͊+NŸ*LPK9D;.ziQ`m+;*U { XyhLKD*`hJTY( Oj0|?Ϗd0Tg̨flռ@GQV_2jI*΢:ZXKU1)Hr-jUa VB+#Cg@xQe!K8ă5^GTF*S刣^HTǃeipCtfca4e襯j X Wj`4w,g0 pnG *hjŠ tU%R MYygMpf7 $ -VW5RjȈ&p!(+{u$# '!JЊcóp}؈~ ^*":g$: (1 Q\xH8lY0SM8,I̲[awl7;V/|rUlmm[0(J;_?4v*p Gj[{;KRԜPe,P#$$N5x#{B\a0+ik[Pl6Vy(=$qH31Zcm "{ <+gT"tAiUh JP~~ '}n @X ĴK<;}6IkJ6>WA_ٮ`uFV(dCBn<H δ|v q H]YxViJm:AAxX,l1_N}bH΃[ +GƑdc̯<&Έ-bSLsM1Qi;nf6l*Tgɫ掵eeS""5qa9Lhȡ,Q;‹(ZrYyUWl<3M7\)Fr -*y&ŗ顣^&,CI&z5NF(tZ@4%ҾmsvbҁEYQMN{lI$t|H q{K/XAH'trdWHBOF*zCnJ` /2M eȼ52/+`LH_.<K VuD= q]ua*kj8̦5$'Υñ_`E/@ KYcazVz}ಊVƆ Wa4f<8?J{+~K Ub9pc=f[#u#sJP+YQd{t{;2sɩC}\Z+3^˚6Ow n9FH`g F7-Ki+t&{as\`5 UGf9ڶ VOj^a&X K7˭ƈ)'ab"ŋm@]r _x` E # dAn,K90%Xε? ڦ_Æde 2PV\ @v(1 f*4C,+KK=kkpUb2pT\Dp򵆀'sc_5񬌂bZ??3Y8a4`^LHmu?X zOg~ٍ PXloIENDB`:z ;՜.+,D՜.+,D hp  Veleuilite u RijecioVI Mr TitleX 8@ _PID_HLINKSAvR<httpDocumentSummaryInformation8!CompObj0j://www.usatoday.com/tech/news/2003-12-22-shoppers_x.htmnf http://www.pbz.hr/H*mailto:dpupavac@ri.tel.hrgo54http://www.economist.com/images/20000513/csf249.gif i8@8 NormalCJ_HaJmH sH tH dd Heading 1dd@&[$\$+5B* CJ$KH$OJPJQJ\^JaJ$phN"N Heading 2$dd@&[$\$a$;CJ$PJaJ$J2J Heading 3dd@&[$\$6CJPJ]aJB@B Heading 4$ & F@&5\mHsH<R< Heading 5dd@&[$\$PJ>@> Heading 7$$@&a$ aJmH sH <A@< Default Paragraph Font>B@> Body Text$a$5CJ\mHsHBC@B Body Text Indent$`a$`` subtitle2dd[$\$+5@B*CJOJPJQJ\^JaJph"W@!" Strong5\J^@2J Normal (Web)dd[$\$OJPJQJ^JNBN datumdd[$\$!B* CJOJPJQJ^JaJph.U@Q. Hyperlink >*B*ph>V@a> FollowedHyperlink >*B* phNRrN Body Text Indent 2$e`ea$mHsHHS@H Body Text Indent 3 h`hmHsH(O( urlexpansionXX T-9/8-2($ iV+1$7$8$H$`Va$CJOJQJaJ0P@0 Body Text 2$a$mHf.fUVj@ $e:\]^@ABvw"###''#'Y''''''*+++++++++++++++++++...0K1L1M11111"6#656|;~;;Q>R>^>BBBBBEEEFFGH4HkHlHoH00h0h00j0j0j0j`0j0j@0j@0j@0j 0j@0j@0j@0j@0j@0j@0j 0j@0j@0j@0j0j@0j@0j@0j0j0j@0j@0j0j@0j@0j 0j@0j0j0j 0j0j0j8 000 00@0000@0@0 0@0@00@0000000000000000@0@00@0@0@000000@0@00@0@00@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0 0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@00-*q0&KM(+.02'//HM),-/1M*:WY''!'+'L'W'M111F9GGmHX::XCXl,b$Z,\v{,[cf@n(  6   A B S  ?+mHWx t _Hlt93577802 _Hlt93577803+'+'oH@@X'X'oHUV[\cehjst?  0 2 - / @ A K N #$  9^@Vvw""+ ####$J&S&T&Y&#'+'M'W'Y'`'b'''''(())x+z+++++++++p,q,--..//00F1G1H11111111p4r4"6#656O9X99999~;;==+>3>4>=>>>C>D>G>R>}@@@@@@jBBBF"F:GGGGGGGGoHT?  #$de 9^?w!" !!]"c"######$|%%%&#'X'Y'''''**++++....00J1111!6#64678?888f9l99 :q;{;~;;>>C>R>]>^>jBBBEEEENGGH2H4HdHoH33333333333333339:XY""######'''"'#'#'Y'Y'_'`'w+x+++++++++++--D1F1G1H1J1L1M1M111111111p4p45656z;z;;;^>^>BBoH Drago PupavacfC:\Documents and Settings\xxxxxxxx\Application Data\Microsoft\Word\AutoRecovery save of rotimposta.asd Drago PupavacfC:\Documents and Settings\xxxxxxxx\Application Data\Microsoft\Word\AutoRecovery save of rotimposta.asd Drago PupavacD:\ja\rotimposta.doc Drago PupavacD:\ja\rotimposta.doc Drago PupavacD:\ja\rotimposta.doc Drago PupavacD:\ja\rotimposta.doc Drago PupavacD:\ja\rotimposta.doc Drago PupavacD:\ja\rotimposta.doc Drago PupavacD:\ja\rotimposta.doc Drago PupavacDC:\Documents and Settings\xxxxxxxx\My Documents\pupavacmipro2005.docd?YF(F* Ac*&0h>lsM2"A:Nh8^`o(.t\t^t`\o(..0^`0o(...p0p^p`0o(.... @ @ ^@ `o( .....   ^ `o( ...... x`x^x``o(....... `^``o(........ ^`o(.........pp^p`;o(.^`;o(.pLp^p`L.@ @ ^@ `.^`.L^`L.^`.^`.PLP^P`L.h^`.h^`.hpLp^p`L.h@ @ ^@ `.h^`.hL^`L.h^`.h^`.hPLP^P`L.pp^p`o(.^`;o(.pLp^p`L.@ @ ^@ `.^`.L^`L.^`.^`.PLP^P`L.^`CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(opp^p`CJOJQJo(@ @ ^@ `CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(PP^P`CJOJQJo(^`;o(.x^`;o(.pLp^p`L.@ @ ^@ `.^`.L^`L.^`.^`.PLP^P`L.d?c*sM0h>F* A:Np.~mHN       #Z̈                ਇ:8       vtr# L8v*X rf@*V,V;V;       #'BEHkHoH@EE6TEE(=>mH`@`B`@UnknownGz Times New Roman5Symbol3& z ArialI& ??Arial Unicode MS7&  VerdanaETimes-NewRoman?5 z Courier New;Wingdings"qh(}(}z ;!n20dVIB 2QMr Drago Pupavac Drago Pupavac  FMicrosoft Word Document MSWordDocWord.Document.89q