Naslov
A short history of enzyme reaction engineering

Autori
Vasić-Rački, Đurđa

Vrsta, podvrsta i kategorija rada
Sažeci sa skupova, sažetak, znanstveni

Izvornik
Book of Abstracts, Enzyme reaction engineering, 2nd Croatian-German Conference, Cavtat 2005 / Vasić-Rački, Đurđa i Zelić, Bruno - Zagreb : Fakultet kemijskog inženjerstva i tehnologije Sveučilišta u Zagrebu, 2005, 1-3

Skup
Enzyme reaction engineering, 2nd Croatian-German Conference

Mjesto i datum
Cavtat, Hrvatska, 21.09.2005. - 24.09.2005

Vrsta sudjelovanja
Pozvano predavanje

Vrsta recenzije
Međunarodna recenzija

Ključne riječi
enzimi; enzimske reakcije; biokemijsko inženjerstvo; povijest
(enzymes; enzyme reactions; biochemical engineering; history)

Sažetak
Biotransformations are reactions catalysed by isolated enzymes or the whole cells of microorganism. They are becoming competitive with conventional routes, but industry expert believe that further improvements in enzymatic catalysis and biochemical engineering may be required before many companies are prepared to announce world-scale bioprocess plants. Bioprocessing proponents see a future in which micro-organisms are replaced by purified enzymes, synthetic cells or crop plants. Important feature of biotransformations is that they are easy to scale up since the only parameter of interest is the level of the enzyme mediating the transformations. Over the years, bio catalytic research has grown enormously and the use of enzyme to catalyse almost any conceivable type of organic reaction has been or is being investigated. The industrial use of enzyme for the synthesis of chemical is receiving increased attention as their potential for novel chemistry is more widely recognized. The developments in recombinant DNA technology have led to improvements in the enzyme production in a variety of host organisms giving the biochemical engineer a greater choice of catalyst options. Furthermore, it has been established that bio catalytic activity may be maintained in the presence of non-aqueous media. The industrial usefulness of bio transformations has also been increased via awareness of the particular role biocatalysis can play in the synthesis of enantiomerically pure products. Biotransformations are now finding application not only as a means of synthesizing novel organic molecules but also degrading otherwise toxic and environmentally harmful compounds. The aim of biotransformation research from the engineering point of view is to develop the continuous process to produce some industrial important compounds. The chemical engineering concept in biotransformation research is to design optimal reactor for this purpose by integration of biotransformation, biocatalyst, bioreactor type and down-stream processing. The bioreactor should be design such that the specific biological and technological demands of a process are met. Bioreactor design should be an integral part of the overall process design. Successful scale-up of biotransformations requires a good understanding of the interactions between the biocatalysts and the chemical and physical environments in the reactor. The biotransformations characteristics are used as the basis for evaluating a range of media, the need for process additions and together with kinetic and stability constraints form the criteria for reactor selection. The reaction medium, the kinetic and biocatalyst constraints determine the bioreactor mode of operation and liquid flow pattern. Biocatalyst selection and preparation, biotransformation and product recovery is integral elements in the development of a complete process. The biochemical engineering knowledge provides the solutions to all of these particular problems. In order that these engineering techniques such as mass and energy balance, identification of process parameters, mathematical modelling, process simulation and optimisation are exploited as fully as possible. It makes crucially important the implementation of these techniques into biochemical engineering process design framework in order to target correctly research of biotransformations. Initial and vital considerations are the specific properties of the substrate(s) and product(s) of the biotransformations and their interactions with the biocatalyst. Knowledge of activity, inhibitory and toxic effects of the substrate(s) and product(s) are all essential pieces of information of reactor design. As catalyst activity and stability are a function of substrate and product concentration their water solubility must be established in addition to knowledge about the site of the reaction with a particular biocatalyst. This emphasizes the importance of carefully designed experiments to obtain relevant data for process design and scale-up. For a biotransformation process to be commercial it is desirable to achieve high product concentration and consequently a high concentration of substrate must be converted. Thus, the kinetics of reaction has to be studied in the laboratory using higher substrate concentration, because for many enzymes little information is available on the effects of higher substrate concentrations. Nowadays the bioreactors of the second generation suitable for the multi-enzyme reaction, the reaction in non-conventional media, the reaction with immobilized cells or integrated reaction and separation step, are developing. A crucial factor controlling the selection of a specific biocatalyst is the availability and cost price of the starting compound Although chemical reaction engineering was known as well-established engineering discipline for a long time, enzyme reaction engineering as a part of biochemical engineering was developed not early than in the 70th. It is because biochemists especially enzymologists had to learn about bioreactors, and chemical engineers had to overcome their prejudices with respect to biocatalyst. Hence, after the first commercial usage of extra cellular microbial enzyme ” takadiastase” in United States around 1890, has to past a long-time until some other isolated enzymes were used in industry. Since the first full scale industrial use of an immobilised enzyme, aminoacylase, in 1969 more than dozen of various processes with chemical reactions catalysed by biocatalyst have been developed. We developed our own strategies of enzyme reaction engineering during the years, which will be exemplified with some examples. Literature: 1. Vasić-Rački, Đurđa. HISTORY OF INDUSTRIAL BIOTRANSFORMATIONS-DREAMS AND REALITIES // Industrial Biotransformations / Liese, Andreas, Seelbach, 2. Wichmann, Rolf ; Vasić-Rački, Đurđa. COFACTOR REGENERATION AT THE LAB SCALE // Technology Transfer in Biotechnology / Scheper, T. (ur.). Advances in Biochemical Engineereing/Biotechnology, Vol. 92, Germany : Springer Verlag, 2005. 225-260 3. Vasić-Rački, Đurđa ; Kragl, Udo ; Liese, Andreas. BENEFITS OF ENZYME KINETICS MODELLING. // Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Quarterly. 17 (2003) , 1 ; 7-18 4. D.Vasic-Racki, J. Bongs, U. Schörken, G.A. Sprenger, A. Liese, MODELING OF REACTION KINETICS FOR REACTOR SELECTION IN THE CASE OF L-ERYTHRULOSE SYNTHESIS, Bioprocess and Biosystem Engineering, 25 (2003) 285-290. 5. Findrik, Zvjezdana ; Vasić-Rački, Đurđa ; Lütz, Stephan ; Daußmann, Thomas ; Wandrey, Christian. KINETIC MODELING OF ACETOPHENONE REDUCTION CATALYZED BY ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENASE FROM Thermoanaerobacter sp., Biotechnology letters. 27 (2005) 15 ; 1087-1095.

Izvorni jezik
Engleski

Znanstvena područja
Biotehnologija

POVEZANOST RADA