ࡱ> R Oh+'0 ( 4@ \ h t 5SEDIMENTATION CARACTERISTIC OF LEMES FACIES, CROATIALEDI AAlajbegTIOAlaAlaNormalgxxx65Microsoft Word 8.0T@{Oj@V@|@\8y{s1C D ՜.+,D՜.+,` hp|  ina* _  5SEDIMENTATION CARACTERISTIC OF LEMES FACIES, CROATIA Title 6> _PID_GUIDAN{1058EC00-717E-11D7-88FA-0050BA5DFD90}Organic Facies and Palynofacies of Late Jurassic "Lemea Facies" in Croatia Snje~ana BLA}EKOVI1, Georg KOCH2, Jeronim BULI3, Ana ALAJBEG4, Jasmin SMAJLOVI5, Vladimir VESELI 1 Faculty of Science, Zvonimirova 8, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia (snblazek@inet.hr) 2 Institute of Geology, Sachsova 2, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia 3 Croatian Natural History Museum, Demetrova 3, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia 4 INA-Strategic Development, Research and Investment, Lovin ieva bb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia 5 Geotechnical Faculty, Halerova 7, 42000 Vara~din, Croatia 6 INA-Research and Laboratory Testing Dept., Lovin ieva bb, 10000Zagreb, Croatia The Lemea facies ("Die Lemea-schichten", FURLANI, 1910) was deposited during the Kimmeridgian and Tithonian in the central part of the Adriatic platform where the tectonic movements with an approximate SW-NE orientation formed a relatively shallow intraplatform trough (VELI et al., 2002). The palaeogeographic pattern during that time span is characterised by different facies developments as a consequence of gradual progradation of reefal and peri-reefal facies followed by oolitic facies resulting in the final infilling of the intraplatform trough and re-establishment of peritidal facies (VELI, 1994). Due to this facies development, the Lemea facies is a diachronic facies ranging through the Kimmeridgian and Early Tithonian. The part of the trough in the area of Lika and northern Dalmatia was connected with the open Tethyan realm, and therefore comprises deposits with more pelagic influences. These deposits consist of bedded cherty limestones with radiolarians and ammonites intercalated with bentonite layers and organic rich shales or marls. For the purposes of the organic facies and palynofacies study, samples were collected in Lika and northern Dalmatia from following localities mapped as Lemea facies: Poatak Mountain (Dimii and Mijina Glava), Koreni ko Vrelo, Korenica-Milanovi Draga, Srb-Brotnja, Knin-Rastievo, Kijevo-Kozjak, Vrlika-Lemea, Vrlika-Maovice, Vrlika-Dabar and Mu-Bulii. Most of the analysed samples were found to have TOC greater than 2.0 percent and hydrogen indices in the range 530 to 638, i.e. they were found to be good petroleum source rocks. Kerogen type was primarily amorphous. Biomarker analyses were performed for the bitumenes extracted from selected outcrop samples. Steranes (mass fragmentograms m/z 217 and 218), monoaromatic steroids (mass fragmentogram m/z 253), triaromatic steroids (mass fragmentogram m/z 231) and hopanes (mass fragmentogram m/z 191) were studied. According to the biomarker parameters, the studied organic matter was derived mostly from the algal biomass enriched by bacterial biomass. This is consistent with the palynofacies features and the composition of the organic matter under consideration. These high quality petroleum source rocks were deposited in a marine environment at low redox potential, characterised as anoxic to suboxic one which is in accordance with the high portion of lipid-rich amorphous organic matter. Biomarker maturity parameters as well as the fluorescence features of the isolated kerogen showed early to mid mature stage of the related organic matter. It indicates that the related strata were buried deeply during a long geological past at rather elevated temperature resulting in thermal stress recognisable in a decent maturity level. References: FURLANI, M. (1910): Die Leme-schichten. Ein Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Juraformation in Mitteldalmatien. Jahrb. Geol. Reichanst., 60 (1), 67-98. VELI, I., VLAHOVI, I. & TI`LJAR, J. (1994): Late Jurassic lateral and vertical facies distribution: from peritidal and inner carbonate ramps to perireefal and peritidal deposits in SE Gorski Kotar (Croatia). Gologie Mditerranenne, 21 (3-4), 177-180. VELI, I., VLAHOVI, I. & MATI EC, D. (2002): Depositional sequences and Palaeogeography of the Adriatic Carbonate Platform. Mem. Soc. It., 57 (2002), 141-151. <>dfvx24HNP,,.(1334444F556889:;DEKPTQS2S@SBSrStSvSSU X ZZf]l^^:a@ab.bdfRh6OJQJmH OJQJmH 6OJQJ6H*OJQJ H*OJQJOJQJ 5OJQJGbdv2456BC$$$bdv2456BCJLNP!<>dfvx24HNP,,.(1334444F556889:;DEKPTQS2S@SBSrStSvSSU X ZZf]l^^:a@ab.bdf6OJQJmH OJQJmH 6OJQJ6H*OJQJ H*OJQJOJQJ 5OJQJF(PP&P . A!n"n#$%6 [8@8 NormalOJQJ_HmH sH tH <@< Heading 1$@&CJmHsHu<A@< Default Paragraph Font8B@8 Body Text$a$ CJmHsH8P@8 Body Text 2$a$OJQJ},PPP ^gqwFQVacjuz*^qjxxx,C:\WINDOWS\TEMP\AutoRecovery save of IAS.asdxxxC:\My Documents\IAS.docxxxC:\My Documents\IAS.docxxxC:\My Documents\IAS.docxxxC:\My Documents\IAS.docxxxC:\My Documents\IAS.docxxxC:\My Documents\IAS.docxxxC:\My Documents\IAS.docxxxC:\My Documents\IAS.docxxxC:\My Documents\IAS.doc @jj\j| }@@@@ @ @@@@$@@@G:Times New Roman5Symbol3& :ArialA& Arial Narrow"qhbtDu)+u&0= !0d4SEDIMENTATION CARACTERISTIC OF LEMES FACIES, CROATIAAAlajbegxxxPVQXQ\\f]^^:a@abbbbbbb b"b$b&b(b*b,b.b$$ . Soc. It., 57 (2002), 141-151. Microphotographs: Transmitted white light Incident UV light cut with 530 nm filter Magnification: 400X [8@8 NormalOJQJ_HmH sH tH << Heading 1$@&CJmHsHu<A@< Default Paragraph Font8B8 Body Text$a$ CJmHsH8P8 Body Text 2$a$OJQJ|,Lmop K~.PPUnknownxxxINAUserUser Koraljka i Georg!_hrxGR]cty~+_rloo~xxxC:\My Documents\IAS.docxxxC:\My Documents\IAS.docxxxC:\My Documents\IAS.docxxxC:\My Documents\IAS.docxxxC:\My Documents\IAS.docxxxC:\My Documents\IAS.docxxxC:\My Documents\IAS.docxxxC:\My Documents\IAS.docxxxC:\My Documents\IAS.docxxxC:\My Documents\IAS.doc @]]]\\]o {|01*,0`0b001.001 1 0@00$@000NG:Times New Roman5Symbol3& :ArialA& Arial Narrow"qhbt+Ju)+u&2= !0dJLNP0000 0J0p0r01T2V2224CKLLL"L$LPPLiptodetrinitic amorphous organic matter Palynological kerogen is characterised as type II-S According to the primary facies distribution and principles of sedimentology of OM, palynomorphs and palynodebris of limestones with cherts can be differentiated as autochtonous (marine derived) and allochtonous (land derived) material. Leiosphaeridia and Tasmanites are phycomata of planktonic prasinophyte algae which show a more pelagic distribution pattern and they are most common in organic-rich, laminated deposits that accumulate under conditions of lowered oxygenation. Prasinophyte phycomata are also abundant in transgressive sequences and in shallow water facies related to the maximum flooding surface. Within restricted lagoon and shallow water carbonate depositional sets (hypersaline, anoxic), prasinophyte phycomata, especially Leiosphaeridia, represent the most common type of phytoplankton often associated with filamentous bacterial and / or blue-green algal material. The lack of organic-walled dinoflagellate cysts is explainable in terms of ecological conditions with stable watermass stratification where the motile stage of dinoflagellate communities prevailed, being predominantly non cyst-forming. Palynofacies of organic-rich sediments with abundant prasinophyte phycomata is dominated by amorphous organic matter. Marine derived AOM is usually lipid-rich, most of it being a result of bacterial decomposition of algae, phyto- and zooplankton under oxygen-depleted conditions. AOM is associated with pyrite inclusions in depositional sets where iron is available. Otherwise, the released sulphur, which originated through anaerobic decomposition of OM, is directly incorporated into complex organic molecules of AOM. The deposition of land derived palynodebris is marine / terrestrial OM indicates sea-level fluctuation and/or synsedimentary tectonics with a regressive trend upwards the studied columns. Palynofacies Palynological composition of the analysed samples shows that they contain almost entirely marine derived organic matter. Marine derived palynodebris consists mostly of liptodetrinic amorphous organic matter (95-100%). Marine palynomorphs hydrodinamically controled according to their buoyancy features and depositional energy. Size, sorting and rounding of land plant particles are good indicators of proximal / distal relationships: in distal direction, the size of particles decreases, while sorting and rounding increases. In addition, the ratio marine / terrestrial organic matter is dependant on the proximity of the terrestrial source: in distal direction of marine depositional sets, the values of the ratio increase. On the basis of these considerations (see extensive discussion and citations in TYSON, 1995 and BATTEN, 1996), palynofacies of the limestones with cherts indicates that they were deposited in a oxygen-depleted, relatively shallow, restricted depositional setting (lagoon). These conditions enabled formation of a palynofacies dominated by liptinitic AOM with rare pyrite inclusions. Limited formation of pyrite was due to limited amount of iron which is consistent with depositional sets of carbonate platforms. The composition of land derived organic clasts as well as their size, sorting and rounding suggests relatively short transport before final deposition and a relative proximity of the emerged part of the carbonate platform where the vegetation was settled. Variations of the ratio 1-615. 4SEDIMENTATION CARACTERISTIC OF LEMES FACIES, CROATIAAAlajbegxxx [8@8 NormalOJQJ_HmH sH tH << Heading 1$@&CJmHsHu<A@< Default Paragraph Font8B8 Body Text$a$ CJmHsH8P8 Body Text 2$a$OJQJ~,Lmop3 4 5 6 ` a g   !"j@are represented by varying concentrations of prasinophycean phycomata, organic walled dinoflagellate cysts and acritarchs. Land derived palynomorphs are represented by very low concentrations of cheirolepidiacean pollen. Spores and other types of sporomorphs have not been identified. Land derived palynodebris occurs in traces. Inclusion of sulphides have not been observed. The samples have a Type II-S kerogen composition Palynofacies features depositioned depositional settingVarying values of the ratio prasinophyts / dinoflagellate cysts suggests variations in open sea influence, sea-level changes and/or synsedimentary tectonics as well as environmentalchanges causing with periodical dinoflagellate communities being marine derived liptodetrinitic, most of it being of algal / bacterial origin. The lack of sulphide inclusions where the supply of heavy metal ions is rather limitedorganic matter clearly indicates a distal position within the depositional set devoid of terrestrial organic matter input. vel fluctuations resulting in periodical influenced the dinoflagellate communities () () () () / dinoflagellate cysts suggestrly indicates akerogen of0d4SEDIMENTATION CARACTERISTIC OF LEMES FACIES, CROATIAAAlajbegxxx [8@8 NormalOJQJ_HmH sH tH << Heading 1$@&CJmHsHu<A@< Default Paragraph Font8B8 Body Text$a$ CJmHsH8P8 Body Text 2$a$OJQJj,Lmop3 4 5 6 7 E F   ?@/wx mS VlKKPUnknownxxxINAUserUser Koraljka i Georg!_hrxGR]cty6 _ a "#yz bcwxIT_kluE34BDTUMN_a,,PPUnknownxxxINAUserUser Koraljka i Georg!_hrxGRWbv{+_rkxxxC:\My Documents\IAS.docxxxC:\My Documents\IAS.docxxxC:\My Documents\IAS.docxxxC:\My Documents\IAS.docxxxC:\My Documents\IAS.docxxxC:\My Documents\IAS.docxxxC:\My Documents\IAS.docxxxC:\My Documents\IAS.docxxxC:\My Documents\IAS.docxxxC:\My Documents\IAS.doc @V\ }~01*,0`0b001 1 0@00$@000NG:Times New Roman5Symbol3& :ArialA& Arial Narrow"qhbtDu)+u&1= !0df]Pf]+PUnknownxxxINAUserUser Koraljka i Georg!_hrxGR]cty7 D   FMicrosoft Word Document MSWordDocWord.Document.89q [8@8 NormalOJQJ_HmH sH tH << Heading 1$@&CJmHsHu<A@< Default Paragraph Font8B8 Body Text$a$ CJmHsH8P8 Body Text 2$a$OJQJ~,L MF b c w x } ~  78z{67OQqr{}  9:>@lm~#$,/=>LN  !"./8N[{ ,:^knoKMuvWXuxCDVXno&4Glm67mo!"KMlCCV%% lxxx,C:\WINDOWS\TEMP\AutoRecovery save of IAS.asdxxxC:\My Documents\IAS.docxxxC:\My Documents\IAS.docxxxC:\My Documents\IAS.docxxxC:\My Documents\IAS.docxxxC:\My Documents\IAS.docxxxC:\My Documents\IAS.docxxxC:\My Documents\IAS.docxxxC:\My Documents\IAS.docxxxC:\My Documents\IAS.doc @D C$Eƀb' \]o3 4 7 D F U b w x } ~ !7az6OQRq{|}  9>@l~ #,n/KLy~Pu)@Wv6CKMV^n %&FGl!6=mo rSS &,TUVij01*,0`0b001.001 1 0@00$@000L1L0 L1$L1BL1\L1L1L1L1L1M1M11v>1>1>1 ?1?1?1 ?1p?1?1@0A1C1C1C1D1D1$D1jD1D1D0TQ1Q1Q1E1Q1HE1PE1TE1vE1E1Q1E1Q1Q1 R1ZR1tR1R1R1R1Z1R1S1S1S1b:12S1 Z1RZ1BS1d:1RS1TS1^S1rS1l;1tS1vS1S1E11v>1>1>1 ?1?1?1 ?1p?1?1@0A1C1C1C1D1D1$D1jD1D1D1E1E1PE1TE1vE1E1E1@lm~#$,/=>LN  !"./8N[{ ,:^knoKMuvWXuxCDVXbno*+efik+-VXwCCViwxxx,C:\WINDOWS\TEMP\AutoRecovery save of IAS.asdxxx,C:\WINDOWS\TEMP\AutoRecovery save of IAS.asdxxx,C:\WINDOWS\TEMP\AutoRecovery save of IAS.asdxxx,C:\WINDOWS\TEMP\AutoRecovery save of IAS.asdxxx,C:\WINDOWS\TEMP\AutoRecovery save of IAS.asdxxx,C:\WINDOWS\TEMP\AutoRecovery save of IAS.asdxxx,C:\WINDOWS\TEMP\AutoRecovery save of IAS.asdxxx,C:\WINDOWS\TEMP\AutoRecovery save of IAS.asdxxxC:\My Documents\IAS.docxxxC:\My Documents\IAS.doc @nnn^C$Eƀb'\]o3 4 7 D F U b w x } ~ !7az6OQRq{|}  9>@l~ #,n/KLy~Pu)@Wv6CKMV^n001110NG:Times New Roman5Symbol3& :ArialA& Arial Narrow"qhbtf[y)+u&=f 7!s0d4SEDIMENTATION CARACTERISTIC OF LEMES FACIES, CROATIAAAlajbegxxx [8@8 NormalOJQJ_HmH sH tH << Heading 1$@&CJmHsHu<A@< Default Paragraph Font8B8 Body Text$a$ CJmHsH8P8 Body Text 2$a$OJQJ,Lmop3 4 5 6 7 8 F G )*345ABei_@dP.b+PUnknownxxxINAUserUser Koraljka i Georg!_hrxGR]cty8 E G c d x y ~  !89{|78PRrs|~;=WYESa%&ab&*pquv2BHI6 8 ;WYYa((**@Xlpu244AegxxxC:\My Documents\IAS.docxxxC:\My Documents\IAS.docxxxC:\My Documents\IAS.docxxxC:\My Documents\IAS.docxxxC:\My Documents\IAS.docxxxC:\My Documents\IAS.docxxxC:\My Documents\IAS.docxxxC:\My Documents\IAS.docxxxC:\My Documents\IAS.docxxx,C:\WINDOWS\TEMP\AutoRecovery save of IAS.asd @2222C$Eƀb' of the analysed samples (TYSON, 1995; BATTEN, 1996)variable cyst production of dinoflagellate communities. phytoplankton, algal and kerogen of the analysed samples is characterised as Type which is consistent with kerogen of carbonate source-rocks which originate on carbonate platforms. Fluorescence properties suggest early to mid mature stage of the related organic matter. pretation. In: JANSONIUS, J. & TYSON, R.V. (1995): Sedimentary organic matter. Organic facies and palynofacies. 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