ࡱ> 5@ 0bjbj22 U4XX||||||||000061<O~1~1~1~1~1Y2Y2Y2]M_M_M_M_M_M_M$PRRM|Y2Y2Y2Y2Y2M||~1~1$O4JJJY2|~1|~1]MJY2]MJ&J)J||)J~1r1 `vnx{0iD)J]MXO<O)JhSeIhS)J$^||||hS|)J4Y2Y2JY2Y2Y2Y2Y2MM$ILJILJANA `EPI RIJEKA-HRVATSKI IRONBRIDGE? Ovaj bi referat pokuaao na primjeru Ironbridgea pokazati kako je jedna jubilarna obljetnica uspjela, nakon godina nastojanja prete~ito amaterskih arheologa, pokrenuti proces revitalizacije neko zapuatenog i devastiranog podru ja, te je kao rezultat godina kontinuiranog rada 1986. ovo podru je uvrateno kao prvo podru je industrijske arheologije na listu Svjetske baatine. Danas je Ironbridge Gorge Conservation Area cilj kako individualnih tako i grupnih posjeta, od zainteresiranih ljudi svih dobi do grupa kolske djece, koji u ovoj kolijevci britanske Industrijske revolucije mogu na licu mjesta saznati njezinoj industrijskoj povijesti. Ta je povijest prezentirana preko est spomenika industrijske arheologije i devet muzeja koji pokrivaju sve razli ite tipove industrije koji su bili prisutni na tom podru ju, te sa mostom Ironbridge koji je prvi zna ajni prefabricirani lijevano ~eljezni most na svijetu. Da li danaanja proslava 150-godianjice Tvornice torpeda mo~e dati onaj impuls koji je u slu aju Ironbridgea predstavljala proslava 250-godianjice prve upotrebe koksa pri lijevanju ~eljeza, kojom prilikom su vlasnici joa postojee ljevaonice Allied Ironfounders Ltd dali iskopati prvu pe koju je koristio A.Derby 1709. a ime zapo inje aktivna konzervacija u Ironbridgeu? IRONBRIDGE Podru je Ironbridge Gorge Conservation Area uklju eno je 1986. u Svjetski registar kulturne baatine kao World Heritage Site zbog njegove zna ajne uloge u razvoju tehnologije lijevanja ~eljeza tijekom 18.st., a naro ito zbog prve primjene koksa pri taljenju ~eljeza (1709.) kao i zbog izgradnje prvog prefabriciranog mosta iz lijevanog ~eljeza 1779., danaanjeg simbola itavog podru ja. Na podru ju Ironbridgea danas je publici prezentirano 6 zna ajnih spomenika industrijske arheologije. Tehnoloaki razvoj od ranog 18. do ranog 20.stoljea predstavljen je trima ljevaonicama i to: The Coalbrookdale Company s Upper Works, The Madeley Wood Company s Bedlam i Blists Hill pei. Kao zna ajan i rijedak primjer tehnologije kovanog ~eljeza koncem 18.stoljea, a prije prihvaanja procesa pudlanja, prezentirana je talionica Coalbrookdale Company s Upper Forge. Kao dio industrijskog pejza~a 19.stoljea uz Shropshire kanal prezentirane su, kao peti industrijski spomenik, ciglane na podru ju Blists Hilla - jedan od najbolje o uvanih primjera mehanizacije izrade opeka u tom periodu.Osim njih podru je Blists Hilla obuhvaa i visoke pei, kao i rudnike ugljena, ~eljezne ruda e te gline na bazi kojih je i nastala industrija na tom podru ju. `esti spomenik je trijumf graevinarstva 18.stoljea, pruga koja spajala Shropshire kanal na gornjoj visoravni sa klancem rijeke Severn tzv. Hay Inclined Plane. Uz ovih aest spomenika industrijske arheologije u Ironbridgeu se nalazi i devet muzeja. COALBROOKDALE Na ovom podru ju najzna ajniji je svakako kompleks tzv Upper Works sa Coalbrookdale Museum of Iron, koji se nalazi uz kolijevku industrije, uz prezentiranu originalnu pe za taljenje ~eljezne ruda e primjenom koksa Abrahama Derbya iz 1709. Joa 1958. Nikolaus Pevsner nalazi postojee objekte na podru ju Coalbrookdalea u aokirajue prljavom stanju i prijedla~e da se uz malo novaca mogu stvari popraviti i stvoriti spomenik ranoj industriji Engleske(Pevsner 1958,156).Kao ato je ve re eno napori da se spasi taj kompleks okrunjeni su 1959. odlukom tadaanjih vlasnika da se osnuje mali muzej kojim bi se ozna ila jubilarna 250-obljetnica. U arheoloakom smislu glavni je cilj bio ukloniti smee koje je od 1930. bilo istovarivano na teren i koje je ustvari sa uvalo tamoanje objekte od vremenskih utjecaja. 1970. ovo podru je postaje dijelom Ironbridge Gorge Museum Trusta, koji u skladiatu iz 1838. otvara Muzej ~eljeza. Ovaj muzej je nakon popravaka i adaptacije ponovo otvoren 1995. Osim samog muzeja u zgradi su i muzejski duan, kafi i pratei prostori. Karakter zgrade sa vertikalnom ~eljeznom konstrukcijom i drvenim podovima je sa uvan. Zanimljivo je da su ~eljezni i svi prefabricirani prozorski nadvoji, okviri i klup ice kao i sat koji je dodan zgradi 1843. U skladiate iz 19.stoljea smjeatena je pak muzejska knji~nica, galerija, uredi te Ironbridge Institute koji se bavi industrijskom baatinom . Preko vrha iskopane visoke pei , glavnog izloaka tog muzejskog kompleksa postavljena je 1959. piramidalna kapa koja je 1982. zamijenjena stalnom konstrukcijom preko itave pei time afirmirajui interpretaciju tog kompleksa u kontekstu jednog jedinog zna ajnog fenomena.Danas kada se bli~i rok trajanja te pokrovne konstrukcije dolazi do diskusija kako sa uvati cijeli kompleks od dalje deteriorizacije. Dio kompleksa ine i tzv Derby Houses, kue kvekerskih radnika, te kvekersko groblje i Edukacijski centar. U Museum of The Gorge, u neo-goti kom skladiatu Coalbrookdale Company(koje je nakon ato je 1900-ih ukinut promet rijekom prvo prenamijenjeno u punionicu mineralne vode a zatim u gara~u), nalazi se izlo~ba koja prikazuje povijest podru ja Gorgea, klanca rijeke Severn sa strmim aumovitim padinama, te maketu stanja iz 1796. Povijesno, podru je Ironbridgea sa prvotnim naseljima Madeley i Broseley na nasuprotnim obalama rijeke Severn bilo je od 16.stoljea trgova ko i industrijsko srediate ugljenog bazena pokrajine Isto ni Shropshire . Industrija se bazirala na nalaziatima ugljena , gline, ~eljezne ruda e i vapnenca. Rijeka Severn do pojave ~eljeznice bila je glavna trgova ka ruta zapadne Engleske i glavni transportni put kojim su se otpremali gotovi proizvodi. Do 18.stoljea tu se razvijala manufaktura proizvoda vezanih uz nalaziata gline i ugljena na ju~noj obali rijeke, kao ato su to grn arija i proizvodnja lula, te uz nalaziata ugljena i ~eljezne ruda e na sjevernoj obali Severna.Niz tehnoloakih i organizacijskih inovacija u 18.stoljeu omoguili su da talionice Coalbrookdalea,na sjevernoj strani, potaknu dotada nevidjen razvoj ~eljezne industrije u Velikoj Britaniji.Sam most preko rijeke Severn nazvan Iron Bridge(~eljezni most) izgraen 1779. potaknuo je dalji razvoj uporabe ~eljeza u graevinarstvu i arhitekturi. Meutim tijekom 19.stoljea zbog niza faktora dolazi do nazadovanja industrije ~eljeza na ovom podru ju, ostaje samo ona u Coalbrookdaleu i to samo za lijevanje kuanskih predmeta. No rudarenje gline i ugljena nastavlja se i tijekom 19.stoljea, pa tako Coalport Chinaworks postaje poznata po kvalitetnom porculanu. Koncem 19.stoljea pejza~em dominiraju ciglane. Druga specijalizirana grana bila proizvodnja plo ica sa dvije velike tvornice u Jackfieldu izgraenih 1871. i 1883. Po etkom 20.stoljea zbog mnogih razloga dolazi do nazadovanja itave regije, kako zbog nestajanja zaliha sirovine, tako zbog zaostalih tehnologija ili zbog oba razloga. U opisima pisaca prevladava slika podru ja kao ru~nog mra nog i zapuatenog. Nakon po etka aktivne konzervacije 1959., 1968. osnovana je zaklada Ironbridge Gorge Museum Trust (IGMT) koja 70-ih godina proalog stoljea zapo inje sa restauriranjem najzna ajnih spomenika, koji time postaju jedni meu prvim preventivno zaatienim industrijskim spomenicima. Za o uvanje povijesnog integriteta podru ja Ironbridgea u 70-im i 80-im godinama najzaslu~nija je kompanija zadu~ena za razvoj Telforda(planiranog novog grada na velikim povrainama zapuatene industrije na ugljenim bazenima Isto nog Shropshirea) Telford Development Corporation (TDC), koja je postala vlasnikom industrijskih spomenika. Nakon ato je 1991. ukinuta jer su ciljevi izgradnje novog grada postignuti, upravljanje je podru jem povjereno dobrotvornoj zakladi Ironbridge (Telford) Heritage Foundation, koja nastavlja sa arheoloakim istra~ivanjima i radovima. Kako je ve spomenuto prvi zahtjevi za o uvanjem tog podru ja dolazili su od amatera a ne profesionalaca. Prva znanstvena istra~ivanja vodili su povjesni ari metalurgije, ekonomskih i druatvenih znanosti kao i povjesni ari kvekerskog pokreta (prisutnog na ovom podru ju). Po etkom 80-ih godina 20.stoljea osnovana je i prva arheoloaka jedinica , te je osnovan i Ironbridge Institute koji je zapo eo sa sustavnim istra~ivanjem industrijske arheologije Ironbridgea. IRON BRIDGE-}eljezni most Ovaj most je od neprocijenjivog zna aja za povijest industrije i tehnologije kao prvi most izgraen potpuno u ~eljezu. Ve je prije svoje izgradnje izazivao divljenje koje je postalo joa vee nakon ato je jedini od mostova na Severnu izdr~ao poplavu 1795.i time postao prethodnik novog doba metalnih konstrukcija. Grupa poduzetnika koja je ~eljela ostvariti vezu Coalbrookdalea sjeverno od rijeke sa rudnicima, kamenolomima i talionicama na ju~noj obali rijeke inicirala je izradu projekta mosta. Meu njima su bili najzna ajniji Abraham Derby III, John Wilkinson iz Willeya- jedna od najzna ajnijih li nosti u industriji ~eljeza u 18.stoljeu te arhitekt iz Shrewsburya Thomas Farnolls Pritchard od kojeg je i naru en projekt mosta.1777. odlu eno da Derby izgradi most po Pritchardovim nacrtima. Ali te godine ujesen umire Pritchard bez kona nog projekta pa sam Derby nastavlja sa projektom mosta. 1778. izgraeni su upornjaci a 1779. ogromni kalupi za prefabricirane konstruktivne elemente mosta. Tijekom srpnja postavljena su prva dva rebra svako teako preko 5 tona, a ujesen i glavna ~eljezna konstrukcija. Nakon ato su dovraeni prilazi mostu i nakon ato je pokriven zavranim slojem ceste most je otvoren 1.sije nja 1781. Kona na te~ina mosta je preko 376 tona, raspon je preko 3o metara. Metoda spajanja sli na je stolarskim spojevima. Dovraenje mosta dovelo je ,nakon reorganizacije cestovnog prometa, do naglog rasta gradia Ironbridgea, na ju~nim padinama klanca. Meutim ubrzo nakon izgradnje ustanovljeno je da dolazi do micanja kamenih upornjaka pa su kona no, nakon niza raznih popravaka, umetnuta dva ~eljezna luka u sjeverni dio upornjaka. Pomicanje se meutim nastavilo pa je 1931. ukinut promet mostom vozilima. 1972. po inju radovi na u vraenju mosta(financirani donacijama) da bi kona no 1977. most bio u vraen armiranobetonskom plo om u koritu rijeke izmeu upornjaka. Danas je ju~no od mosta, u prijaanjoj mitnici(koja je ukinuta 1952.) smjeaten informacijski centar i mala izlo~ba. COALPORT i JACKFIELD Istovremeno sa izgradnjom Iron Bridgea nizvodno je izgraen joa jedan most ime je potaknut i razvoj tog dijela doline po etkom 19.stoljea.Zahvaljujui William Reynoldsu izgraen je minijaturni novi grad Coalport. Reynolds je tu pronaaao izvor prirodnog bitumena koji je po eo komercijalno eksploatirati. Glavni je procvat ovog podru ja meutim nastao izgradnjom Shropshire kanala na ugljenom bazenu visoravni iznad rijeke Severn te njihovog povezivanja sistemom kosih ploha sa tra nicama, kojima su se brodovi spuatani u bazen i zatim kanalom paralelnim sa Severnom dolazili do terminala uzvodno od mosta. Ta je to ka postala ishodiate novog gradia Coalporta koji je zatim dao svoje ime mostu i porculanu. Reynolds je ne samo zaslu~an za izgradnju cesta i stambenih zgrada nego i za financiranje novih industrija ime mijenja prirodu gospodarstva tog podru ja. 1850-ih u Jackfieldu,naselju na ju~noj obali rijeke, nastaje proizvodnja plo ica od kojih tvornica Maw s postaje najvea na svijetu. }eljeznica dolazi do Ironbridgea 1862., pa opada promet rijekom no podru je Ironbridgea ostaje i dalje ~ivi trgova ki centar sve do iza 1.svjetskog rata.Propadanje je bilo postepeno. 1890-ih je zatvoren Shropshire kanal kraj Coalporta, zatim su zatvorene talionice na podru ju Blists Hilla, tvornica porculana se seli iz Coalporta u Stoke itd. Danas na podru ju Coalporta su tri cilja posjeta:prvi je Tar Tunnel, gdje se mo~e razgledati rudnik prirodnog bitumena. Drugi je Muzej porculana tzv China Museum. Naime kerami ka industrija je bila izolirani ali va~an centar ove grane industrije. Manufaktura grn arije na ovom podru ju bila je ve etablirana koncem 18.stoljea. U njoj je 1814. bilo zaposleno preko 400 radnika. 1850. tvornica broji 500 radnika ali i dalje ostaje izvan glavnih tokova te je nakon niza poteakoa 1926. preseljena u Stoke-on-Trent, gdje se i danas izrauje poznata Coalport China(porculan). Od nekadaanjih triju pei dvije su sa uvane dok je trea sni~ena zbog sigurnosti. One se nalaze u kompleksu Muzeja porculana, koji uklju uje galerije, radionice za demonstraciju izrade porculana, duan, kafi i omladinski hostel. Trei je cilj trijumf graevinarstva 18.stoljea tzv. The Great Hay Inclined Plane. Taj spektakularni dio sustava, kojim je ugljeni bazen Shropshirea na gornjoj visoravni spojen sustavom kanala i 6 kosih ploha sa ni~im bazenom Coalporta gdje se sirovina mogla prekrcavati na rije ne alepove, izgraen je 1790-ih. Tim ingenioznim sistemom omogueno je brzo kretanje brodova izmeu raznih nivoa. Najvea visinska razlika iznosila je 6om na horizontalnoj udaljenosti od 300m. Taj ekvivalent 27 ustava pokretalo je samo 4 radnika koji su mogli prebaciti 6-tonski brod u manje od 4 minute za ato je uobi ajenim sistemom ustava trebalo 2-3 sata.Sistem je funkcionirao tako da su brodovi na gornjem i donjem bazenu ulazili pod vodom na tra nice te bi se u prvo vrijeme u~adima a zatim lancima dizali tj.spuatali. Glavni pravac je bio nizbrdo pa bi puni brod u silasku dizao prazni brod. Parni stroj koji je pokretao itav sistem bio je smjeaten na gornjem bazenu . JACKFIELD Na podru ju Jackfielda, na ju~noj obali, preko puta Coalporta nalazi se Tile Museum (Muzej plo ica), u nekadaanjoj tvornici plo ica. U galerijama osvijetljenim plinskim svjetiljkama izlo~ene su dekorativne plo ice i keramika koje su se ovdje izraivale. Uz duan ovdje se mo~e vidjeti i suvremena izrada plo ica Dio postava muzeja ini i Great Rock Sandwich izlo~ba koja prikazuje geologiju podru ja Ironbridgea kojim dominiraju ugljeni i vapnena ki slojevi te kliziata i micanje tla karakteristi ni za mlau geomorfologiju. Nedaleko se nalazi Muzej Broseley Pipeworks koji prezentira staru lokalnu industriju izrade glinenih lula. BLISTS HILL Na podru ju Blists Hilla uz Blists Hill pe kao primjera razvoja u tehnologiji ~eljeza 18.stoljea nalaze se i peti industrijski spomenik-ciglane koje predstavljaju reprezentativni primjer mehanizacije izrade opeka u 19.stoljeu.Uz njih,kao dio industrijskog pejza~a 19.stoljea tu su i Shropshire Canal te Blists Hill Pit-rudnici ugljena, gline i ~eljezne ruda e.1995 omoguen je djelimi an pristup podru ju sa informativnim panelima koji objaanjavaju proces rada. Victorian Town sa obrtima, trgovinama i kuicama simulira ~ivot u viktorijanskim vremenima. U banci se mo~e promijeniti danaanji novac za kovanice iz viktorijanskog doba kojima se mo~e kupovati u duanima. Sliku upotpunjuju konjske zaprege, vrtovi kuica, obrtni ke radionice i parni strojevi u pogonu. ZAKLJU AK Iako je Rijeka sa svojom bogatom i brojnom industrijskom i lu kom baatinom u mnogo aspekata(od veli ine, tipa i vremena nastanka industrije) potpuno razli ita od primjera Ironbridgea smatram da bi se pri o uvanju i prezentaciji rije ke industrijske arheologije moglo nau iti od slu aja Ironbridge kako zapuatenu i devastiranu baatinu pametnim planiranjem staviti u funkciju privla enja turista, akolske djece i drugih zainteresiranih za taj dio hrvatske i svjetske industrijske baatine i kako bi se mo~da zbog velikog broja joa o uvanih spomenika industrijske arheologije u Rijeci moglo pokuaati osnovati prvi hrvatski centar za prou avanje industrijske baatine. Mislim da danaanja konferencija i sve aktivnosti vezane uz 150.obljetnicu Tvornice torpeda mogu predstavljati onaj impuls koji je u slu aju Ironbridgea odigrala 250.obljetnica prve uporabe koksa pri taljenju ~eljeza.Jer rije ka Tvornica torpeda svakako je zna ajna u svjetskim razmjerima kao prva te vrste dok je u hrvatskim razmjerima zna ajna prva uporaba parnog stroja u rije koj Tvornici papira 1833. Kombinacijom djelimi ne muzealizacije pojedinih pogona,po modelu Ironbridgea, dijelom prenamjene u ne-industrijske namjene, ali i naravno i o uvanjem funkcije gdje god je to mogue Rijeka bi mogla uspjeano revalorizirati svoju industrijsku baatinu i postati hrvatski centar industrijske arheologije. LiteraturaVXZ$  L  D s v"$Ldfrt4ƾܮ~vnfh'SmHsHhmHsHh<mHsHh{\mHsHhkYmHsHh|5mHsHh mHsHh={mHsHh;mhmHsHhUVvmHsHh YmHsHh[mHsHHh+yh={mHsHhpamHsHHh+yhpamHsHHh+yhi7@mHsHhU@mHsH' XZ fPRhjn:X &( $(:)f,<->-(((((((((((((((((((((((((((gdRIgd,b"gd;mhgd<4HnpNPRjl|6z "ln8:LN*Ⱥ蒊zhUmHsHhThmHsHhvimHsHh'SmHsHh;mhmHsHhTkemHsHhW5mHsHhpamHsHHh+yh mHsHh YmHsHh1\mHsHh.mHsHhUVvmHsHhU@mHsHh mHsHh+omHsH- < Lpr,.Xp(*L|>@ t !!!!>"F"`"j"ȰȨȘȘȠh<0XmHsHh:%mHsHhk2mHsHhTmHsHhqmHsHh FmHsHhiLmHsHh,b"mHsHh{\mHsHhThmHsHh'SmHsHht=mHsHhUmHsHh VmHsH5j"l"".#J######~$$$%:%H%f%%%&^'(((((t(v((((((8):)z))))4*6***Z++d,f,ШРШИАЈЀxhk0fmHsHh[GmHsHhw2mHsHhIbWmHsHh?mHsHhbymHsHhRImHsHhgimHsHhmHsHhkmHsHh YmHsHhmHsHh,b"mHsHh+mHsHh<0XmHsHhiLmHsHh;mhmHsH-f,,,,8-:-<->----.(//////// 00|0022555 7"7$7778$8999*:::;X;t;v;r<t<b==ظȘ𠐠h[GmHsHhEmHsHhmHsHh%mHsHhaWFmHsHh mHsHh?mHsHh FmHsHhL,mHsHh;mhmHsHhw2mHsHhk0fmHsHh+mHsHh"?mHsHh<0XmHsHhTmHsH1>-/v;b=?CFGGGGFJhQNRTSV~WWWWZx_(bcfphio((((((((((( ((((((((((((((( (gd@rgdOgdRgdRI=======$><>B>D>>?&???@@@@`@@B BLBNBEZEEFF.F0F|FFFFGGGG HpIIjKKKKpMMNN O"O𸰸h.mHsHhMmHsHh FmHsHhemHsHh?mHsHh"?mHsHh{YmHsHh mHsHhRmHsHho(mHsHh YmHsHhQmHsHhmHsHh;mhmHsHh?mHsH5"O@OfOOODPhP~PfQhQNRRRRRfSSTRTTTUUhJhlhnhphhhhhi iȸะȸȘh@rmHsHhI`<mHsHhOmHsHh?mHsHhZmHsHh^mHsHh1mHsHh?mHsHhlmHsHhQmHsHh;mhmHsHh DmHsHhnmHsH: imLmnnn oo*ojooooooopp2p4p6pVppqs"t$tиȸȸਐhmHsHhy#mHsHh\ mHsHh?mHsHh2aBmHsHhJqmHsHh/mHsHh@rmHsHh'mHsHh^mHsHh1mHsHh1mHsHhQmHsHh!SmHsHh.mHsH4oopp"t$ttuuux{{ {4{6{drPRTVX(((((((((((((((((((((((((((gd^gd!Sgd@rgdO$tbttuu0uRuuuvvbvdvrvvvvvwRwXwwwxxxxzz{{ {6{{{N|p|x|||||8}t}}LrtиȰ𠨘hLlmHsHhSmHsHhjmHsHh$mHsHhn FmHsHhtUmHsHh]PmHsHhmHsHh}amHsHh`mHsHh{mHsHh45mHsHhImHsHhmHsHhmHsH5bd".ĂԂJt:^`NP*`fԨ\^|~v~~~nfhmHsHhWmHsHhv=mHsHhUmHsHh#emHsHhhmHsHhbmHsHh{bmHsHUh[6mHsHhmHsHhmHsHhjmHsHhSmHsHh4mHsHh'mHsHh4k$mHsHh$mHsHhLlmHsHhn FmHsH(: Beckett Derrick: Great Buildings of the World, Bridges Cossons Neil& Sowden Harry: Ironbridge, Landscape of Industry, Cassell, London, 1977 Hayman Richard, Horton Wendy, White Shelley: Archeology and Conservation in Ironbridge, CBA Research Report123, Council for British Archeology,York, 1999 LJILJANA `EPI RIJEKA- CROATIAN IRONBRIDGE ? This paper would like to show on the example of Ironbridge how a celebration of an anniversary succeeded, after years of mainly enthusiasts archeologists attempts, to start a process of revitalisation of once dilapidated and run-down area. The result of the continuous effort was the 1986. designation of this area as a World Heritage Site , the first in the field of Industrial Archeology. Today the Ironbridge Gorge Conservation Area draws in groups and individuals of all ages interested to learn about British industrial history in this cradle of industry. This history is presented through a sequence of six Scheduled Ancient Monuments of industrial archeology and nine museums covering all different types of industries that were to be found in this area, as well with the famous Iron Bridge, the first important cast-iron bridge. Could today s celebration of the 150th anniversary of the Torpedo factory result in the similar results reached in the Ironbridge, where in 1959 the owners of the surviving Coalbrookdale Foundry, the Allied Ironfounders Ltd, for the 250th anniversary of the first use of coke for smelting iron, excavated the old blast furnace of Abraham Derby and opened the small museum and started the active conservation? IRONBRIDGE GORGE CONSERVATION AREA The Ironbridge Gorge Conservation Area was in 1986 designated a World Heritage Site in recognition of its important role in technological developments in iron smelting in 18th century, but mainly because of the first use of coke in smelting iron (1709) and of the 1779 construction of the world s first prefabricated cast-iron bridge, the symbol of the whole area. The technological development in smelting iron from the early 18th to the early 20th centuries is shown with three iron-works- the Coalbrookdale Company s Upper Works, the Madeley Wood Company s Bedlam and Blists Hill furnaces. The rare and important example of the wrought iron technology,before the adoption of puddling process, is presented by Coalbrookdale Company s Upper Forge. As a part of the 19th century industrial landscape of the Shropshire Canal the fifth monument are Blists Hill Brick and Tile Works- one of the best existing examples of the mechanisation of brick production.The Blists hill Area also includes existing blast furnaces as well as coal, clay and ironstone mines, the base for former industries. The Hay Inclined Plane, the 18th century civil-enginnering master piece, is the sixth monument,connecting the Shropshire Canal on the upper level with the River Severn. These six industrial monuments in the 3,6 km long Conservation Area are further explained through exhibitions in nine museums. COALBROKDALE In this area the most important is the complex of the Upper Works with the Coalbrookdale Museum of Iron, next to the cradle of industry,the original Abraham Derby s iron smelting furnace . Already in 1958 Nikolaus Pevsner found the existing Colabrookdale in shockingly sordid state and proposed that a little money could put it right and create a monument to early English industry(Pevsner,1958,156). The efforts were crowned in 1959 by the decision of the owners to open a small museum in honour of the 250th anniversary of the Derby s first use of coke in smelting iron. The most important was to evacuate the debris that was covering the site and that in fact preserved the existing structures from the weather. In 197o the area became part of the Ironbridge Gorge Museum Trust. The Museum of Iron was opened in an old 1838 warehouse. The museum was re-opened in 1995, after repair and adaptation work, and it includes besides the Museum itself with exhibition of the inventions , a museum shop, coffee shop etc.The industrial character of the building with vertical iron structure and timber floors is preserved. Interesting is that all the details (the window jambs, sills and lintels as well as the 1843 clock-tower) are in iron. The next door warehouse from 19th century houses museum library, gallery offices and Ironbridge Institute. Over the top of the Derby s excavated smelting furnace a pyramidal cap was put in 1959, to be replaced in 1982 by a permanent construction afirming in this way interpretation of the whole complex in context of a single phenomenon. Today when the cover building is nearing its end there are many discussions how to save the whole complex from further deterorisation. The so called Derby houses-the houses of the Quaker ironmasters, the Quaker burial grounds and the Educational centre are also part of the complex. The Museum of the Gorge is placed in the neo-Gothic warehouse of the Coalbrookdale Company. The building, after the river traffic was stopped in 1900s was first turned to mineral water bottling and then into a garage. The exhibition covers the whole history of the Gorge-the wooded,steep slopes of the River Severn, and a 40ft scale model of the River valley as it was in 1796. Historically speaking, the Ironbridge area with its first settlements Madeley and Broseley on opposite banks of the Severn was since 16th century commercial and industrial centre of the East Shropshire based on coal, clay, ironstone and limestone mines.The River Severn was until the coming of railway the main trade and transport route of western Britain.The coal mining and lime burning on the south banks gave rise to clay industries( until 18th centuries potworks and tobacco pipe manofactories) , while the north side had as principal trades coal and iron.A series of technological and organizational innovations in the 18th century applied in Coalbrookdale ironworks enabled it to start an unprecedented rise of iron trade in Britain.The bridge built over the Severn in 1779 and called the Iron Bridge was to further the use of iron in civil engineering and architecture.. But 19th century brought the decline of iron industries in this district, due to differnt reasons, the only one to stay was the Coalbrookdale foundry for casting domestic ware. But the clay and coal mining went on through 19th century with the Coalport Chinaworks famous for the quality of its china.The 19th century landscape is dominated by brickworks.The other specialised industry was the manufacturing of decorative tiles with two big factories in Jackfield, built in 1871 and 1883. Due to various factors  the lack of raw materials, the technologies behind times, 20th century brought along the decline of the whole region. Many contemporary writers describe the region as squalid and grim. After the described beginning of active conservation in 1959, the Ironbridge Gorge Museum Trust(IGMT) was founded in 1968.IGMT in the 70s began the restoration of the most important monuments, the first industrial monuments to become protectedas Scheduled Ancient monuments. In the 80s the Telford Development Corporation(TDC)- the company founded to develop a new town on the large areas of neglected industries on the coalfields of the East Shropshire, became owner of the industrial monuments and was responsible for preserving their historical integrity.After 1991 when its main goals(new town Telford) were reached, the company was disbanded and the area management was entrusted to a charitable trust-the Ironbridge (Telford) Heritage Foundation, which carried on with archeological surveys and work. As already mentioned the first requests for the preservation of the area were coming from amateurs and not professional archeologists. The first scientific investigations were carried by historians of metallurgy, economic and social history and the Quaker movement. The first archeological unit was established in the early 80s , and then the Ironbridge Institute starting a systematic investigation of the Ironbridge industrial archeology. IRONBRIDGE As the first bridge to be built completely in cast iron this bridge is of outmost importance for the history of industry and technology. Already before its completion it draw admiration which became even greater after it was the only one of the Severn bridges to survive the 1795 floods and so became the predecessor of the new age od metal constructions. The project for the bridge was initiated by a group of entrepreneurs wishing to establish a connection of the Coalbrokdale on the north with the mines, stone quarries and foundries on the south of the River.The most famous were Abraham Derby III, John Wilkinson from Willey- one of the most important person in the 18th century iron industry and the Shrewsbury architect Thomas Farnoll Pritchard who was to make a project for the bridge.But he died in autumn 1777 without a final design so it was Derby himself to carry on with the bridge construction. The bridge abutments were constructed in 1778 and the huge casts were made in 1779. First two ribs(each over 5tons)were put in place in July and in autumn the main iron structure.After the access to the bridge was finished and the bridge covered with final layer the bridge was opened to public 1st January 1781.The final weight is over 376 tons, with span over 3om.The joining is similar to carpentry joining. After the bridge was opened the traffic reorganisation brought about the rapid growth of the town Ironbridge on the valley south slopes. But soon, the movement of stone abutments was detected so after a series of repairs, two iron arches were inserted into the northern part. The vehicular traffic was closed in 1934 because the movement continued.Finally the bridge was stabilised by reinforced concrete slab in the river bed. An information centre and exhibition is in the former Tollhouse(closed only in 1950s) at the south end of the Bridge. COALPORT and JACKFIELD At the same time as the Iron Bridge another bridge was built downriver.This represented the impetus for the development of that part of the valley at the beginning of 19th century. William Reynolds has credit for building a miniature new town Coalport.He discovered the source of natural bitumen here and started its commercial exploatation. But the flourishment of this part was instigated by the construction of the Shropshire Canal which provided an important link between the East Shropshire Coalfield and the River Severn by an ingenious system of inclined planes. The tub-boats were in this way lowered into a basin and via a canal paralel to the Severn arrived to the terminus upstreams from the bridge.This point became a starting point for Coalport, the new town which gave its name to the bridge and the china. Reynolds was not only responsible for the construction of roads ad houses but also for the financing of new industries changing in this way the nature of the area economy. A tile works were built in 1850s in Jackfield, on the River south bank, the Maw s was to become the largest in the world. Though the railway came to Ironbridge in 1862 bringing along the decrease of river traffic, Ironbridge was until after the WW1 a prosperous area.The decline was slow. The Shropshire Canal was closed in 1890s, then the Blist Hill Ironworks , the Coalport China Works moved etc. Today Coalport area offers three main visits: the first is Tar Tunnel, next to the Coalport canal. The second is Coalport China Museum with the remains of the old china works.The Coalport clay industry was an isolated but important centre. The pot manofactoring was established at the end of 18th century.The China works employed 500 workers in 1850, but as it was having permanent financial difficulties it was transferred to Stoke-on Trent where the famous Coalport China is still being produced. From the former three ovens two are preserved but the third had to be lowered because of safety reasons.The Museum includes galleries, demonstration workshops, a shop and a cafe and Youth hostel. The third ,the most magnificent monument, is the 18th century triumph of civil engineering, the Great Hay Inclined Plane.This spectacular part of the system by which the East Shropshire Coalfield was linked by a system of canals and six inclined planes with the lower Coalport basin(where the goods were loaded into river barges) was built in 1790s.This ingenious system enabled a quick transfer of tub-boats between different levels.The greatest height difference was 60m on the horizontal distance of 300m. This equivalent of 27sluices was manoevred by only 4 workers who could transfer a 6ton boat in less than 4 minutes(it usually took 2-3hours). The tub-boats were entering in the lower and upper basin into underwater rails and were pulled by ropes, later chains. The main direction was downhill- the loaded boat going downhill was raisng the empty boat going uphill. The steam engine powering the system was placed in the upper basin. JACKFIELD Across the River from Coalport, in Jackfield, there is a Tile Museum in one of the former decorative tile factories. It is displaying decorative tiles and ceramics in gas lit galleries and showrooms. The shop and modern tile making are also part of this museum. Part of this Museum is the Great Rock Sandwich exhibition displaying the geology of Ironbridge, mainly dominated by coal measures and silurian limestone,with landslip and movement characteristic of a young and developing geomorphology. Nearby is the museum Broseley Pipeworks presenting the ancient local industry of clay tobacco pipe-making. BLISTS HILL Besides Blists Hill furnaces, as one of the industrial monuments illustrating technological development in the 18th century iron smelting, the Blists Hill Brick and Tile Works are representative example of the late 19th century mechanisation in brick making. With the Shropshire Canal and Blists Hill Pit (where coal, ironstone and clay were mined) they form typical 19th century landscape.Public access was partly opened in 1995 with interpretation panels explaining clay-working and brick-making processes. Blists Hill Victorian Town is demonstrating the life as it was lived in Victorian times.One can change money for Victorian coins and spend it in the shops.The picture is complete with horse driven carriages, craft workshops, cottage gardens. CONCLUSION Though completely different in many aspects from Ironbridge(size, type and time) Rijeka with its rich and numerous industrial and port heritage could ,in my opinion , learn from the Ironbridge case how devastated and run down industrial heritage by smart planning could be put into the function of drawing in tourists, school children and other interested in this part of Croatian and world heritage. Also perhaps now is the time to start thinking of perhaps founding in Rijeka a first Croatian centre for industrial archeology. I think that today s Conference and all the activities connected to the 150th anniversary of the Torpedo factory could represent that initial impulse played in the Ironbridge case by 250th anniversary of the first use of coke in iron smelting. The reasons for this are many- the main being the Torpedo factory s importance in world terms, while the first use of a steam engine in Croatia in the Rijeka Paper factory in 1833 represents its equivalent in Croatian terms. By combination of partial conversion into museums, following the Ironbridge model, partly re-conversion into other uses(the Museum of contemporary art is an example) and ,of course, by preserving wherever possible working function, Rijeka could successfully revalorize its industrial heritage and become the first Croatian centre for industrial archeology. 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