Naslov
The development of traffic sciences and the basic traffic system guidelines in the Republic of Croatia

Autori
Božičević, Josip

Izvornik
Promet-Traffic-Traffico (0353-5320) 16 (2004), S1; 1-3

Vrsta, podvrsta i kategorija rada
Radovi u časopisima, članak, znanstveni

Ključne riječi
traffic sciences; Faculty of Transport and Traffic Engineering; traffic strategy; traffic corridors

Sažetak
The year 1962, when the PTT College was founded, may be considered as the beginning of the traffic sciences in Croatia. Later, in the year 1965 the Institut prometnih znanosti (Institute of Transport Sciences) was founded followed by the Interfakultetski saobraćajni studij (Interfaculty Traffic Study) in 1968, Viša škola za cestovni saobraćaj (Road Traffic College) in 1970, Viša zrakoplovna škola (Aeronautical College) in 1972, Studij prometnih znanosti (Study of Transport Sciences) in 1981, Studij željezničkoga prometa (Study of Railway Traffic) in 1982 and finally the Fakultet prometnih znanosti (Faculty of Transport and Traffic Engineering) in 1984. Today, experts from several scientific institutions are involved in the research and study related to the traffic science in Croatia. These include first of all the Faculty of Transport and Traffic Engineering, then the Institute of Transport and Communications, Scientific Council of Traffic of the Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Traffic Department at the Croatian Academy of Technical Sciences, the Society of Graduated Engineers and Engineers of the Faculty of Transport and Traffic Engineering, as well as the Croatian Scientific Society for Traffic. With numerous studies and papers both on the national and the international level, these institutions have participated in promoting the traffic science. Traffic science refers first of all to the technology of traffic and the safety of traffic which form the basis in the further study of all the traffic aspects. It encompasses a wide range of all traffic modes: road, railway, post and telecommunication, water and air. Up to the present the traffic experts from Croatia have attended numerous conferences and symposia in the country and abroad, which have resulted in conclusions and proposals containing guidelines to solve the issues in the field of traffic. These include the international symposia: Traffic Connection of Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia, Traffic Connection of Central Europe and the Adriatic (the Mediterranean), Traffic Connection of the Baltic and the Adriatic, Environmental Problems in Modern Traffic, Safety Problems of Modern Traffic, and many others. These symposia were attended by numerous experts from the Central European countries and from all over the world. Our experts have also participated with numerous papers presenting their viewpoints and thus contributing to further development of traffic and connecting with Europe. One of the achievements of the traffic experts was also the development strategy of the Republic of Croatia entitled “ Croatia in the 21st Century". This strategy focused on: • the analysis of the state of the art with precise identification of the real problems, • the infrastructure development based on long-term objectives, • the traffic connections with the international traffic system in Europe. The following was considered: • comprehensive interests at the state and local level, • traffic connections at the level of the system, rather than the level of branches, • characteristics of integrity and intermodality. The main document of the strategy covers four key aspects: • traffic policy, • infrastructure, • management, • institutional and legislative frameworks. There is no doubt that the geo-traffic position of Croatia, as a Central European, Danube and Adriatic country has not been sufficiently valorised in attracting the international traffic flows, not even related to the optimal usage of the natural resources, waterways and the sea, nor the existing infrastructure facilities. Unfortunately, the traffic planning at the government level is not exclusively the responsibility of the Ministry of Maritime Affairs, Transport and Communications (renamed recently into the Ministry of Sea, Tourism, Traffic and Development), and the problems of the strategic traffic development are rather treated in the Government departments of public affairs, civil engineering and reconstruction, internal affairs, external affairs and elsewhere. The main problem is that at the Ministry of Maritime Affairs, Transport and Communications there was no supreme body for traffic policy at the level of the entire system, so that for various department authorities the development programs were proposed, each in its own area, which made the strategic planning of the traffic system impossible. This is also the reason for parallel and non-complementary development concepts in individual traffic branches. It is also worth mentioning that the legal regulations in the process of economic transition, i.e. transfer to the free market have not been harmonised with the European rules. Considering only briefly the individual traffic branches we may instantly conclude that the condition of railway infrastructure has been greatly neglected, especially over the last dozen years. Huge means have been allocated to the road infrastructure over the last dozen years, six times more than in the railways. Ten international airports in Croatia represent almost one percent of the world infrastructure ; however, with the realised traffic and passenger operations the share of the Croatian Airports is only about 0.5 per mille. The basic objectives of the strategy are: • maximal integration into the Trans-European traffic network, • fair pricing in traffic, • environmental protection, • improvement in traffic safety, • strengthening of the traffic market. The main backbone of the traffic development lies in the international traffic corridors: • corridor X (Bregana – Zagreb – Lipovac – Belgrade) • corridor X.a. (branch Graz – Maribor – Zagreb) • corridor V.b. (branch Budapest – Zagreb – Rijeka) • corridor V.c. (branch Budapest – Osijek – Sarajevo – Ploče) • corridor VII (the Danube waterway). Here we have to add the potential new corridors: • the Adriatic – Ionian corridor • corridor V.b1 (branch Rijeka – Koper – Trst) • corridor V.b2. (branch Zagreb – Split – Dubrovnik) And finally, in my opinion, it is necessary to introduce also the “ Institution of Responsibility” for implementing the development programs and strategic documents since experience has shown that the past concrete proposals, and even the entire strategic documentation, accepted by the Croatian Parliament, as well as the Traffic Development Strategy have not been implemented, because of the absence of the delegated responsibility of those who would have to carry them out. The establishment of the “ Institution of Responsibility” would also help solve the problems of unrealistic development of planning and inadequate application of the legal regulations.

Izvorni jezik
Engleski

Znanstvena područja
Tehnologija prometa i transport

Napomena
Rad je prezentiran na skupu International and Professional Conference (ZIRP '04), održanom od 22.-23.03.2004., Zagreb, Hrvatska.

POVEZANOST RADA