ࡱ> 8:77 EbjbjUU &7|7|El@@@@@@@T  T=(FFFFFFF=&LrL$ !n@FFFFFf@@FFfffF@F@FfFf"f #@@F !tT\  0=!f!fTT@@@@Djuro Huber 16 October 2002 Biology Department time12:21 Veterinary Faculty Heinzelova 55 10000 Zagreb Republic of Croatia Phone: 385-1-2390-141 Fax: 385-1-244-1390 E-mail:  HYPERLINK "mailto:huber@vef.hr" huber@vef.hr Negotiations where to put the line for bear expansion in Croatia As in most counties with a stable or increasing bear population, bears do more or less frequently appear where they are not expected. The reactions of local residents typically range from emotional enthusiasm to panic. The later is prevailing. Some would like to provide food for such a bear and keep it in the area, the others do not let their children to go to school any more They always find explanations why did the bear arrive. Either they believe it was hungry or disturbed (unhappy) in its normal range, or the bears are too numerous over there, or somebody (e.g. researchers) have introduced the bear here. The media follow all the stories and keep the situation hot. Unless the bear disappears (returns to normal range) there is no happy-end. It gets killed by traffic or has to be destroyed with bitter comments in the same media that a day earlier reported how dangerous the situation was. In Croatia we see all of this. We have brown bears that swim to the island Krk, less the 0.5 km of the mainland. Three bears were shot there in the last few years, and at least three more are claimed to live there now. The island is big, forested, and with plenty of unguarded sheep. Along to sheep-owners, the tourist workers are afraid for their industry. In the Plitvice Lakes National Park, with over half a million visitors per year, nobody fears of wild bears. However, when this summer one bear started to dig in garbage containers the decision was quick to destroy it. Even faster than was the removal of containers. In one part of the bear range in Croatia (Primorsko-Goranska county) the officials appointed me, together with Alojzije Frkovic and Josip Kusak, to prepare the local bear management plan. The plan was expected to draw the line for bear expansion in direction of the Adriatic Sea coastline. Below the line the bears should not show up, and above it they should be managed as a game species. According to our studies the bears do go out of their range following attractions as maize feeders for wild boars, or even further towards the coast line due to garbage on dumps or along the roads and around houses, as well as other food sources. The demand to stop feeding wild boar has been refused, and for the demand to improve garbage management is not easy to address responsibility and to see timely action. The hunting organizations above the line are also not happy to include bear on the list of their game species. They know that the interest for bear trophies is decreasing with the increasing limitations for international transport of bear parts (CITES), and the offered number of bears to be hunted is surplusing demands. Hence, the reactions to the first draft demonstrated the full range of emotions, believes and confronting interests when a large carnivore is in concern. However, the through discussion and negotiations around each issue and with each interest group approached us to the general agreement. It remains to be solved how to put the plan in the framework of national and international laws. The conclusion that the management of a large carnivore like a bear requires continuous care with no definite solutions. Many compromises are unavoidable, but the species may be saved on the traditional range, while expansion has to carefully managed and eventually limited. 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