ࡱ> vxu7 ^bjbjUU 7|7|9<lRRRRRRRf\ \ \ 8 , 4f&(((PPPPPP>$@$@$@$@$@$@$$& (d$YRPPPPPd$RRPP%PX RPRP>$P>$"$RR"$P `nsf \ 4"$"$%0&"$)()"$ffRRRRSUKCESIJA KAMENJARSKO-PA`NJA KE VEGETACIJE NA OTOKU IOVU (HRVATSKA) THE PROCESS OF SUCCESSION ON THE ROCKY-PASTURE LANDS ON THE ISLAND IOVO (CROATIA) JURAJ KAMENJARIN Department of Biology Faculty of Natural Science University of Split Teslina 12 HR-21000 Split Croatia E-mail:  HYPERLINK mailto:juraj.kamenjarin@st.hinet.hr juraj.kamenjarin@st.hinet.hr ZINKA PAVLETI Dunjevac 2 HR-10000 Zagreb Croatia E-mail:  HYPERLINK mailto:zinka.pavletic@zg.hinet.hr zinka.pavletic@zg.hinet.hr SA}ETAK: Fitocenoloaka analiza biljnog pokrova otoka iova kod Trogira u Republici Hrvatskoj pokazala je da se na opo~arenim i paanja kim povrainama razvijaju kamenjarsko-paanja ke zajednice - na ju~nim padinama otoka as. Brachypodio-Cymbopogonetum hirti, a na grebenu i sjevernoj padini as. Koelerio-Festucetum illyricae subas. brachypodietum retusi. Slijed sukcesije as. Brachypodio-Cymbopogonetum hirti, zapo inje razvojem stadija Juniperus phoenicea, stadija Cistus monspeliensis i stadija Cistus creticus, koji vrlo brzo prelaze u makiju as. Pistacio-Juniperetum phoeniceae i as. Oleo-Juniperetum phoeniceae. Na ju~noj padini i vranom dijelu grebena sukcesija vrlo brzo te e dalje u smjeru aume alepskog bora as. Junipero phoeniceae-Pinetum halepensis koja se dalje odr~ava kao trajni stadij. Na sjevernoj padini i zapadnom dijelu otoka sukcesija te e u smjeru auma alepskog bora as. Pistacio-Pinetum halepensis i as. Querco ilicis-Pinetum halepensis. Sukcesija zavraava razvitkom klimazonalne aumske vegetacije as. Myrto-Quercetum ilicis na toplijim polo~ajima. Klju ne rije i: suksesija vegetacije, otok iovo, Hrvatska ABSTRACT: Phytocoenological analysis plant cover of island iovo near Trogir, Croatia, shows that rocky-pasture associations have developed on the fire and pasture sites - on the southern slope of the island as. Brachypodio-Cymbopogonetum hirti and on the crest and northern slope as. Koelerio-Festucetum illyricae subas. brachypodietum retusi. The succession of as. Brachypodio-Cymbopogonetum hirti starts with the development of stage Juniperus phoenicea, then stage Cistus monspeliensis and stage Cistus creticus, which very quickly transformes into macchia of as. Pistacio-Juniperetum phoeniceae and as. Oleo-Juniperetum phoeniceae. On the southern slope and crest peak the succession expands very quickly towards Aleppo pine forest of as. Junipero phoeniceae-Pinetum halepensis which stays as a constant stage. On the northern slope and on the western part of the island succession runs towards Aleppo pine forest of as. Pistacio-Pinetum halepensis and as. Querco ilicis-Pinetum halepensis. The succession finishes with the development of climazonal forest vegetation as. Myrto-Quercetum ilicis on warmer sites. Keywords: succession vegetation, island iovo, Croatia INTRODUCTION iovo is an island situated in the middle part of the Adriatic coast, in Croatia. It is situated west of Split, and from the southwestern side closes the Kaatela Bay. Its nortwestern part is connected with the town Trogir by leaf bridge. In length it is 14.3 km and covers aproximately 29 km2. iovo's highest peck is 218 m above sea-level. The geological bed consists of limestone which develops limestone soil. Climavegetationaly the island belongs to the stenomediterranean and eumediterranean vegetational zone. In historical-eccomonical terms the few islanders raised cattle and wines, the woods were chopped down for firewood, pastures and only a small part for farming. As cattle raising is completly and farming mostly neglected, abandoned areas are overgrown with elements of forestic vegetation. These elements after occasional fires gave up over rocky-pasture vegetation. Up to this point the floristic and vegetational studies of island iovo (Slade `ilovi, 1909; Trinajsti & Kamenjarin, 1998, Kova i & al., 2001, Trinajsti & Kamenjarin, 2001) have been fragmentary. Therefor an analysis of the natural vegetation has been conducted in order to research the succession of its vegetation. MATERIALS AND METHODS The vegetation researches carried out on the island iovo in the spring, summer and autumn of 2002 are based on the combined estimation according to the Zrich-Montpellier school, while the syntaxonomic nomenclature is presented according to Horvati (1963) and Trinajsti (1973, 1977, 1987, 1988, 1995). RESULTS On the basis of phytosociological research, the studied vegetation of island iovo could be shown in terms of syntaxonomy in the following way: Class: Festuco-Brometea Br.-Bl. et Txen 1943 Order: Scorzonero-Chrysopogonetalia Ht. et H-i. 1934 Alliance: Chrysopogoni-Saturejon H-i. et Ht. (1956)1958 Ass: Koelerio-Festucetum illyricae (H-i. 1962) Trinajsti 1992 subass. brachypodietosum retusi Trinajsti 1992 Class: Thero-Brachypodietea Br.-Bl. 1947 Order: Cymbopogo-Brachypodietalia H-i. (1956)1958 Alliance: Cymbopogo-Brachypodion retusi ("ramosi") H-i. (1956) 1958 Ass: Brachypodio-Cymbopogonetum hirti H-i. 1961 Class: Erico-Cistetea Trinajsti (1978)1985 Order: Cisto-Ericetalia H-i. 1958 Alliance: Cisto-Ericion H-i. 1958 Stadium: Cistus monspeliensis Stadium: Cistus creticus Class: Querceta ilicis Br.-Bl. 1947 Order: Quercetalia ilicis Br.-Bl. (1931)1936 Alliance: Quercion ilicis Br.-Bl. (1931)1936 Ass: Pistacio-Pinetum halepensis De Marco, Veri et Caneva 1984 Ass: Querco ilicis-Pinetum halepensis Loisel 1971 Ass: Myrto-Quercetum ilicis (H-i.)Trinajsti 1985 Alliance: Oleo-Ceratonion Br.-Bl. 1931 Stadium: Juniperus phoenicea Ass: Pistacio-Junipertum phoeniceae Trinajsti 1987 Ass: Oleo-Junipertum phoeniceae Bruno et al. 1983 Ass: Junipero phoeniceae-Pinetum halepensis Trinajsti 1989 On the southern, warmer side of the island relatively large areas of the rocky-pasture association Brachypodio-Cymbopogonetum hirti are spreded, as a result of antropogenetic degradation. Floristic composition is shown on table 1 which was made on the basis of 5 phytosociological records. 49 species have been recorded and Heteropogon contortus, Brachypodium retusum and Hyparrhenia hirta dominate. In this case, companions show that association Brachypodio-Cymbopogonetum hirti relatively quickly turns into stage Cistus monspeliensis on the southwestern part of the south slope and western part of the island. The floristic composition is shown on table 2 which is a result of 4 phytosociological records. 26 species have been recorded. As there is no flysh beding associations Erica manipuliflora and Erica arborea are absent and association Rosmarinus officinalis is missing because of the cold. Also the association Brachypodio-Cymbopogonetum hirti relatively quickly turns into stage Juniperus phoenicea on the southeastern part of the south slope. The floristic composition is shown on table 3 which is a result of 3 phytosociological records. 22 species have been recorded. The apperance of elements of class Thero-Brachypodietea among the companions shows the origin of this association and of class Quercetea ilicis which means that stages Juniperus phoenicea and Cistus monspeliensis are overgrown with elements of macchia and on the south side of iovo, near the sea, in deeper grounds protected from the northern winds association Pistacio-Juniperetum phoeniceae is developed which floristic composition is shown on table 4. The table is a result of 7 phytosociological records. Dominating are Juniperus phoenicea, Pistacia lentiscus and Juniperus macrocarpa. All together 40 species have been recorded and among the companions a lot of elements of class Cisto-Ericetea and class Thero-Brachypodietea are found. On the crest, on somewhat shallow ground, exposed to the northern and southernwind association Oleo-Juniperetum phoeniceae is developed whose floristic composition is shown on table 5. It is made from 8 phytosociological records. Dominating are Juniperus phoenicea, J. macrocarpa, Olea europaea and O. sylvestris. 24 species have been recorded. Among the companions elements of class Thero-Brachypodietea and class Erico-Cistetea stand out and indicate the origin of this association. Further succession of associations Pistacio-Juniperetum phoeniceae and Oleo-Juniperetum phoenicae goes towards evolution of forests - association Junipero phoeniceae-Pinetum halepensis which lean on the prior associations. The floristic composition is shown on table 6 which was made according to 9 phytosociological records. 36 species have been recorded. This association stayes for a long time as a permanently stage. And here we can find elements of classes Thero-Brachypodietea and Erico-Cistetea among the companions but in a smaller amount. On the crest and northern slopes of the island the rocky-pasture association Koelerio-Festucetum illyricae subassociation brachypodietosum retusi develops as a result of antropogenetic influence to which are exposed to the influence of the colder, north winds. The elements of class Festuco-Brometea belong to submediterranean, while iovo completetly belongs to eumediterranean. This can be explained that while cattle breeding was high on the island, the cattle was brought from the submediterranean to iovo, with it the seeds of class Festuco-Brometea. Floristic composition is shown on table 7 which was made on the basis of 11 phytosociological records. Classified are 75 species. Dominate Brachypodium retusum, Bupleurum veronense and Festuca dalmatica. Among the companions elements of class Erico-Cistetea and class Quercetea ilicis show up which indicates that the succesion of rocky pastures association Koelerio-Festucetum illyricae subassociation brachypodietosum retusi develops into stage Cistus creticus. Because of the kind of ground we miss species of genus Erica. The floristic composition is shown on table 8 which was made on the basis of 7 phytosociological records. 34 species have been recorded. Among the companions grassland elements of both classes appear and elements of class Quercetea ilicis indicate that stage Cistus creticus turns into a forest of association Pistacio-Pinetum halepensis which is developed on the northern slope and on part of the crest. In case that the acorn of holm oak isn't supplied it stayes for a long time as a permanent stage. The floristic composition is shown on table 9 which was made on the basis of 6 phytosociological records. 40 species have been recorded. Pistacia lentiscus dominates in the shrubbery. Among the companions elements of grassland vegetation appear and elements of class Erico-Cistetea. If the source of holm-oak acorn is secured association Pistacio-Pinetum halepensis quickly transforms into association Querco ilicis-Pinetum halepensis. The floristic composition is shown in table 10 which was made on the basis of 4 phytosociological records. 40 species have been recorded. Quercus ilex and Pistacia terebinthus dominate in the shrubbery layer. Among the companions elements of grassland vegetation appear and so do elements of class Erica-Cistetea. Further succession of association Querco ilicis-Pinetum halepensis proceeds in the direction of evolution of climazonal evergreen forest vegetation - association Myrto-Quercetum ilicis as shown on table 10 made from 6 phytosociological records. In the layer of forest dominate Quercus ilex, and in the shrubbery layer Quercus ilex, Myrtus communis and Pistacia lentiscus. All together 45 species have been recorded. This association is completely developed on the north side of the island, near Sveti Kri~ and on the western side near Okruk Donji. Among the companions still appear elements of grassland vegetation and elements of class Erica- Cistetea. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Succession of rocky-pasture meadows vegetation depends on the humidity, as it is shown na picture 2. In semihumid areas of the island iovo, like its southern and western slopes, grassland association Brachypodio-Cymbopogonetum hirti developes, which overgrows fast with elements of garigue and so stages Juniperus phoenicea and Cistus monspeliensis appear. They cross into macchia associations Pistacio-Juniperetum phoeniceae and Oleo-Juniperetum phoeniceae. Further more, with their succession association Junipero phoeniceae-Pinetum halepensis developes and because of the aridic conditions stayes long as a permanent stage. In humid part of iovo, such as the crest and north slope, the rocky-pasture grassland is developed - association Koelerio-Festucetum illyricae subassociation brachypodietosum retusi - which overgrows with elements of garigue which results into stage Cistus creticus. This stage can turn into association Oleo-Junipertum phoeniceae and association Pistacio-Juniperetum phoeniceae but mostly it forms association Pistacio-Pinetum halepensis. If the source of holm-oak acorn isn't provided it stays as a permanent stage. If the holm-oak acorn is provided it will quickly transform into associastion Querco ilicis-Pinetum halepensis. The succession finishes its forming climazonal forestic vegetation - association Myrto-Quercetum ilicis. The frequency of characteristic sorts of vegetational classes in all of the studied associations si shown in table 12 . LITERATURE Kova i, S., N. Jasprica & M. Rua i, 2001: Floristical characteristics of phoenicean juniper macchia (ass. Pistacio lentisci-Juniperetum phoeniceae Trinajsti 1987) in central and southern Dalmatia (Croatia). Nat. Croat., Vol. 10, No. 2, 73-81. Zagreb. Slade `ilovi, R., 1909: Nekoje crtice iz narodnog gospodarstva u Trogiru. Dubrovnik. Trinajsti, I., 1973: O zoni sveze Oleo-Ceratonion u isto nojadranskom dijelu Balkanskog poluotoka. Ekologija 8(2), 283-294. Trinajsti, I., 1977: Istra~ivanja sveze Oleo-Ceratonion Br.-Bl. na otoku Lastovu. Acta Bot. Croat. 36, 125-134. Trinajssti, I., 1987: Fitocenoloako-tipoloaka analiza sastojina makije somine Juniperus phoenicea L. u Hrvatskom primorju. Acta Bot. Croat. 46, 115-121. Zagreb. Trinajsti, I., 1988: O problemu sintaksonomske pripadnosti auma alepskog bora - Pinus halepensis Miller u jadranskom primorju Jugoslavije. Glas. `um. Pokuse 24, 233-245. Trinajsti, I., 1995: Vegetacijske zna ajke otoka Mljeta. Simpozij Prirodne zna ajke i druatvena valorizacija otoka Mljeta. Pomena.19(1), 155-176. Trinajsti, I. & J. Kamenjarin, 1998: Fitocenoloaka analiza vegetacije makije esmine (Quercus ilex L.) na otoku iovu. `um. list 122 (5-6), 207-211. Trinajsti, I. & J. Kamenjarin, 2001: Fitocenoloake zna ajke paanja ke asocijacije Brachypodio-Cymbopogonetum hirti H-i. 1961. Agronomski glasnik 4-5, 181-188. Zagreb. 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