ࡱ> eeeeeeefff8f9fJflfmffffffffff g!g"g:gPgQgcgygzgggggggggggggggggggg,88888b:d::p=x=>>> >b@d@@pCxCGGGGbJdJJpMxMRRRRbVdVVFXHX jU5mH0J j0JU 6CJmHCJmHmHXLDMpMrMtMvMNP2QRRVVBWDWFWhWWWWX&X6XXXY2Y$dh$d$dh SUMMARY The Pantana area is situated in the western part of the Katela Bay occupying an area of several square kilometers. Here, under the influence of the slightly saline spring water and tidal movements a specific marsh and halophytic vegetation is developed. Based on the phytosociological and syntaxonomic research, for the Pantana area 6 plant associations have been determined: Limonio-Artemisietum coerulescentis, Salsoletum sodae, Juncetum maritimo-acuti, Rupietum maritimae,Phragmitetum australis and Bolboschoenetum maritimi. These plant associations are distributed in a mosaic manner, in conformity with the equally mosaic distribution of major ecological factors (water depth and salinity, high and low tide, soil texture). A total of 43 plant species has been registered. The Pantana area is under a strong anthropogenetic impact which lately has become even stronger. Therefore, this research has to show both the great biodiversity of this area and the necessity to take certain protective measures in it. Key words: the Kaately Bay, Pantana, marsh vegetation, halophytic vegetation. PRISPEVEK Podru je Pantane smjeateno je u zapadnom dijelu Kaatelanskog zaljeva i obuhvaa nekoliko km2 . Pod utjecajem blagoslane izvorske vode i izmjene plime i oseke razvila se specifi na mo varna i halofitna vegetacija. Na osnovu fitocenoloakih i sintaksonomskih istra~ivanja determinirano je za podru je Pantane 6 biljnih zajednica: Ove biljne zajednice mozai no su rasporeene INTRODUCTION The Pantana (Pantan) marshland is situated in the western part of the Katela Bay near Trogir, extending over an area of several square kilometers. The spring with slightly saline water is in the close vicinity of the road leading from Trogir to Split. Additional water brackishness results from a slightly higher position of the spring in relation to the sea level, so depending on whether the tide is high or low the brackishness increases or decreases. Near the spring there is a water-mill from the 13th century, and on the mouth the remnants of the tower from the same period . The water-mill is presently under reconstruction because of the intention to include it in the tourist and catering offer. Between the spring and the mouth there are old fish-ponds, which have not been used for several years now. In its eastern part, the marsh has become a rubbish and construction waste dump. A slaughterhouse is there, too. From the eastern and north-western sides filling of the marsh is done for the purpose of extending farmlands. The earlier urban development plans of Trogir even anticipated a part of the marsh to be filled for housing construction. As far back as in the 15th century the laws forbidding fishing with fishing nets in this area were in force. Wading on muddy land, as well as cutting of reed and grass were forbidden, too (Fiskovi, 1981; Babi, 1984; Cvitani, 1996, 1998; Su evi et Dujmov, 1998). Today, the Pantana marshland has been proclaimed a special ichthyologic and ornithological reserve of nature in order to prevent hunting of birds which rest here during their migration and catching of fish and fish fry using fishing tackle and explosive. Despite of the protection by law, due to the lack of control the destruction by farmland extending and by filling with construction waste continues. Unfortunately, the vegetation is not included in the protection, although some vegetation researches were made (Bedalov et egulja, 1990). However, as these researches have never been published fully, the need is felt for a new vegetation reseach with the aim to protect the flora and vegetation. MATERIAL AND METHODS The vegetation researches carried out in the Pantana area in the spring, summer and autumn of 2001 are based on the combined estimation according to the Zrich-Montpellier school, while the syntaxonomic analysis is presented according to Horvati (1963) and Polidina et al. (1999). In the researched area, the individual plant associations are distributed in a mosaic-like manner and are not separated sharply between them. The reason is in the analogue, namely mosaic distribution of the most important ecological factors (water depth and salinity, the high and low tide, soil texture). Therefore, in the preparation of phytosociological records, relatively small areas had to be taken for analysis. Thus, the vegetation is in fact developed as one mosaic complex. However, some plant association in the researched area are developed fragmentarily only, and, therefore, they were analyzed accordingly. To save space, in tables the following abbreviations are used: Ass. = characteristic species of association All. = characteristic species of alliance O. = characteristic species of order Cl. = characteristic species of class Comp. = accompanying species RESULTS On the basis of phytosociological research, the marsh and halophilic vegetation in the Pantana area in terms of the syntaxonomy could be shown in the following way: I. Cl. Salicornietea Br.-Bl. et Tx.1943 O. Salicornietalia Br.-Bl. 1931 Al. Thero-Suaedion Br.-Bl. 1931 1. Ass. Salsoletum sodae Pignatti 1953 Al. Salicornion fruticose Br.-Bl. 1931 2. Ass. Limonio-Artemisietum coerulescentis H-i 1934 II. Cl. Juncetea maritimi Tx. 1951 O. Juncetalia maritimi Br.-Bl. 1931 All. Juncion maritimi Br.-Bl. 1931 3. Ass. Juncetum maritimo-acuti H-i 1934 III. Cl. Rupietea Tx. et Preising 1960 O. Rupietalia J.Txen 1960 All. Rupion maritimae Br.-Bl. 1931 4. Ass. Ruppietum maritimae Br.-Bl. 1931 IV. Cl. Phragmitetea Tx. et Preising 1942 O. Phragmitetalia W.Koch 1926 All. Phragmition (W.Koch 1926) Br.-Bl. 1931 5. Ass. Phragmitetum australis (W.Koch 1926) Schmale1939 6. Ass. Bolboschoenetum maritimi Br.-Bl. 1931 1. Ass. Salsoletum sodae Pignatti 1953 The ass. Salsoletum sodae is developed in the area of the low gravelly seashore and the small islands at the mouth. It builds the first, outer vegetation zone, characterized by the humid and markedly saline soil. Its floristic composition is shown in Table 1 made on the basis of 9 phytosociological records. A total of 26 species has been registered. The association, although fragmentarily developed, occupies relatively large areas, and inside it the elements of ass. Euphorbio-Glaucietum H-i 1950 and ass. Salicornietum fruticosae Br.-Bl 1931 grow fragmentarily. Tab. 1. Ass. Salsoletum sodae Pignatti 1953 2. Ass. Limonio-Artemisietum coerulescentis H-i 1934 The ass. Limonio-Artemisietum coerulescentis continues to the ass. Salsoletum sodae toward the land, or it is developed on a somewhat higher gravelly soil, inside the wave spraying zone, too. Its floristic composition is shown in Table 2 made on the basis of 4 phytosociological records. A total of 17 species has been registered, among which dominant are Artemisia coerulescens and Inula chritmoides. This association covers relatively large areas with the covering of practically 100%, and inside it the elements of the fragmentarily developed ass. Salicornietum fruticosae Br.-Bl. 1931 occur. Tab.2. Ass. Limonio-Artemisietum coerulescentis H-i 1934 3. Ass. Juncetum maritimo-acuti H-i 1934 The ass. Juncetum maritimo-acuti grows on both the seashore and the inner side of the small islands, on more or less saline, muddy and muddy-gravelly soils, where fresh and salt water mix. Its floristic composition is shown in Table 3 made on the basis of 8 phytosociological records. A total of 18 species has been registered. The association is developed on a relatively small space and inside it the elements of the class Ammophiletea Br.-Bl. ex Tx. 1943 and Salicornietea Br.-Bl ex Tx. 1952 occur. Tab. 3. Ass. Juncetum maritimo-acuti H-i 1934 4. Ass. Ruppietum maritimae Br.-Bl.1931 The ass. Rupietum maritimae grows at the mouth, in the lagoon closed from the sea by the low shore and the small islands. The vegetation grows on the muddy bottom at a depth of 5-40 cm, depending upon whether the tide is low or high. The water salinity also varies considerably according to the tidal movements.The floristic composition is given in Table 4 made on the basis of 5 phytosociological records. A total of 6 species has been registered. Tab. 4. Ass. Ruppietum maritimae Br.-Bl.1931 5. Ass. Phragmitetum australis (W.Koch 1926) Schmale1939 The ass. Phragmitetum australis occupies the largest areas in the researched locality. It grows from the spring to the inner edge of the lagoon on the muddy bottom. Absolutely dominant is Phragmites australis. The floristic composition is given in Table 5 made on the basis of 8 phytosociological records. A total of 13 species has been registered, with Phragmites australis being absolutely dominant in this association. Such marked domination of reed proves this to be its optimal habitat, regardless of the presence of halophytic species among accompanying species. Tab. 5. Ass. Phragmitetum australis (W.Koch 1926) Schmale1939 6. Ass. Bolboschoenetum maritimi Br.-Bl. 1931 The ass. Bolboschoenetum maritimi grows from the spring to the inner edge of the lagoon, on the muddy shore, following the ass. Phragmitetum australis. Absolutely dominant is Bolboschoenus maritimus. Its floristic composition is given in Table 6 made on the basis of 10 phytosociological records. A total of 12 species has been registered, with Bolboschoenus maritimus being absolutely dominant in the association. Tab. 6. Ass. Bolboschoenetum maritimi Br.-Bl. 1931 List of plant species Artemisia coerulescensJuncus acutusAster tripoliumJuncus maritimusAtriplex latifoliaLactuca scariolaBeta maritimaLimonium serotinumBolboschoenus maritimusLophochloa cristataCalistegia sepiumLotus alioniiCarex extensaOenanthe silaeifoliaCeramium rubrumParietaria judaicaChaetomorpha sp.Phragmites australisChritmum maritimumPoligonum maritimumCladophora sp.Puccinellia palustrisDatura stramoniumPulicaria disentericaDaucus carotaRumex crispusEcbalium elateriumRuppia maritimaElymus pycnanthusSalicornia fruticosaEnteromorpha linzaSalsola sodaGalium maritimumSonchus maritimusGlaucium flavumSuaeda maritima Halimione portulacoidesTamarix dalmaticaInula chritmoidesUlva rigidaInula viscosaVitex agnus-castus DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION According to the phytosociological and syntaxonomic research, for the Pantana area 6 plant associations have been registered: the ass. Salsoletum sodae where in 9 phytosociological records 26 species have been registered, the ass. Limonio-Artemisietum coerulescentis where in 4 phytosociological records 17 species have been registered, the ass. Juncetum maritimo-acuti where in 8 phytocenologicl records 18 species have been registered, the ass. Ruppietum maritimae where in 5 phytosociological records 6 species have been registered, the ass. Phragmitetum australis where in 8 phytosociological records 13 species have been registered, and the ass. Bolboschoenetum maritimi where in 10 phytosociological records 12 species have been registered. A total of 43 species has been registered. Because of a mosaic distribution of the most important factors (water depth and salinity, tidal movements, soil texture), the plant associations are not sharply separated from each other but occur like a mosaic complex. A certain number of plant associations occur fragmentarily only, such as Euphorbio-Glaucietum and Salicornietum fruticosae. All these data indicate the vegetation biodiversity in the researched area, that results in the biodiversity of fauna. To ensure the preservation of such biodiversity in the future, it would be necessary to put the Pantana area under a more severe protection regime and to take certain measures. Having in view that the marshland is filled with construction and other waste, it is absolutely necessary to prevent any further filling with waste and to cart off the existing waste to a waste heap. Filling with earth and farming waste disposal presently used to increase farming lands should also be prevented. Artificial fertilizers and stable manure affect the fertility not only of farmland but of marshland, too, that enables the development of various weeds between the marsh and halophytic species. There is also an uncontrolled use of pesticides in farming, that has negative effects on the natural vegetation either. It would be ideal to direct the agriculture to the biocultivation or, at least, to introduce a strict control in the use of fertilizers and pesticides. The reed stalks (Phragmites australis) are often used as poles in vegetable gardens and to provide shadow around houses, so their cutting should be forbidden. The slaughterhouse waste is deposited into pits and backfilled, but it is often left uncovered. For this reason, the slaughterhouse should be moved to another more suitable location. As lately most structures are built of concrete, it is necessary to forbid any further construction of either business or residential structures which require the construction of access roads and septic pits. The fish-farm ponds are in neglected condition. They should not be renewed and their concrete linings should be removed or at least broken, that would enable the ponds to become overgrown. Some 50 m far from the Pantana spring there is the concrete plant which produces a large amount of concrete dust, that has negative effects on the entire Pantana ecosystem. It would, therefore, be necessary to stop the operation of this plant. The reconstruction of the water mill at the spring will be completed soon and the mill will be used in tourism. Its owner is willing to grant one room for scientific research and for teaching students and pupils. He also wishes to present all biodiversity of Pantana. The modalities of cooperation should be agreed with the owner. The dilapidated beach structure in the western part, on the very shore, recently has been given in concession. Its reconstruction beyond its present dimensions should be prevented in order to protect the beautiful stands of the ass. Limonio-artemisietum coerulescentis and the ass. Juncetum maritimo-acuti growing to the west and to the north from this structure, respectively. Nearby the spring there is the extremely busy two-lane Split-Trogir road. Between the road and the spring the trees (such as cyprus - Cupressus sempervirens) could be planted to reduce the impact by exhaust gases. As the small islands and the mouth coast, which are very nice beaches, make the outer edge of the shallow lagoon filled with quagmire, it would be absolutely necessary to warn swimmers to the presence of this quagmire. REFERENCES Babi, I., 1984: Prostor izmeu Trogira i Splita. Muzej grada Trogira. Trogir. Bedalov, M., N. `egulja, 1993: Projekt "Gospodarenje prostorom Kaatelanskog zaljeva". CIMIS. Split. Cvitani, A., 1996: Specifi nosti mediteranske mo vare Pantan. Kaatelanski zbornik 5. Gradski muzej Kaatela i druatvo "Bijai". 55-68, Kaatela. Cvitani, A., 1998: Ornitofauna na podru ju Kaatelanskog polja. Zbornik Kaatela kolijevka Hrvatske. Matica hrvatska. 481-486, Kaatela. Fiskovi, C., 1981: O trogirskim mlinicama u povodu njihove namjene. Godianjak zaatite spomenika kulture Hrvatske 1980-1981. 6-7, 99-106, Trogir Horvati, S., 1963: Vegetacijska karta otoka Paga s opim pregledom vegetacijskih jedinica Hrvatskog primorja. Prirodoslovna istra~ivanja 33. JAZU. Zagreb. Poldini, L., M. Vidali, M. L. Fabiani, 1999: La vegetazione del litorale sedimentario del Friuli-Venezia Giulia (NE Italia) con riferimenti ala regione Alto-Adriatica. Studia Geobotanica 17, 3-68. Trieste. Su evi, P., J. Dujmov, 1998: Prilog poznavanju lokaliteta Pantan. Zbornik Katela kolijevka Hrvatske. Matica hrvatska. 451-454, Katela. Tab. 1. Ass. Salsoletum sodae Pignatti 1953 No. of veget. record123456789Size of veget. record (m2)151010201020201520Ass.:Salsola soda1.22.21.2.2.32.32.3+.2+.2All., O., Cl.:Inula chritmoides1.31.22.32.2+.21.2..+.2Artemisia coerulescens1.2+.21.21.2+.2....Aster tripolium.+.2+.2..+.2.1.3+.2Atriplex latifolia.+.2+.2.+.2+.2..1.2Halimione portulacoides3.31.2+.2...+.2..Beta maritima.+.2..+.2+.2+.2..Sonchus maritimus..++.2+....Suaeda maritima .....+.2..1.3Salicornia fruticosa.......2.3.Puccinellia palustris..1.2......Comp.:Elymus pycnanthus..+.2+.+.2+.1.2Glaucium flavum....+.2+.22.2..Chritmum maritimum3.3..2.3.....Juncus acutus.+.2.....+.3.Datura stramonium....+.2+.2...Oenanthe silaeifolia..+.2..+.2...Ecbalium elaterium....+.+.2..Lactuca scariola...+.+.2...Lotus alionii...1.3.....Juncus maritimus..+.2......Lophochloa cristata.....+.2...Pulicaria disenterica.+.2.......Tamarix dalmatica.......+.2.Daucus carota....+....Vitex agnus-castus.....+... Tab. 2. Ass. Limonio-Artemisietum coerulescentis H-i 1934 No. of veget. record1234Size of veget. record (m2)40403020Ass.:Artemisia coerulescens3.42.3+.33.3All.:Inula chritmoides2.32.32.33.3Limonium serotinum1.21.3+.31.2O., Cl.:Halimione portulacoides1.21.2+.21.2Aster tripolium2.31.2+.2.Salsola soda+.2+.2.+.2Puccinellia palustris1.2.1.3.Carex extensa.1.2..Salicornia fruticosa...+.2Soncus maritimus..+.Comp.:Chritmum maritimum+.23.3..Juncus maritimus+.3+.2..Elymus pycnanthus+.2+.2..Atriplex latifolia..+.2+.2Galium maritimum..+.2.Parietaria judaica..+.2.Poligonum maritimum.+.2.. Tab. 3. Ass. Juncetum maritimo-acuti H-i 1934 No. of veget. record12345678Size of veget. record (m2)2020152015202020Ass.:Juncus acutus1.33.33.31.3.3.32.21.3Aster tripolium+.2.+.21.2+.2+.21.2+.2All.:Juncus maritimus2.32.3+.21.3+.2+.22.22.3Sonchus maritimus....+.2+.2..Carex extensa....1.2...O., Cl.:Elymus pycnanthus..+.2+.2.1.2.+.2Comp.:Puccinellia palustris1.2+.2+.2....1.3Inula chritmoides1.2.1.2+.2.1.2..Artemisia coerulescens+.2.+.2..+.2.+.2Bolboschoenus maritimus+.2..+.2+.2..+.2Limonium serotinum+.3...+.2+.2..Phragmites australis....+.1.2.Atriplex latifolia.+.2......Chritmum maritimum..+.2.....Lotus alionii..+.2.....Halimione portulacoides.....+..Lactuca scariola......+.Rumex crispus.....+.. Tab. 4. Ass. Ruppietum maritimae Br.-Bl.1931 No. of veget. record12345Size of veget. record (m2)2525252525Ass., All., O., Cl.:Ruppia maritima4.53.32.32.33.3Comp.:Enteromorpha linza1.2+.2+2.3+.2Ulva rigida+1.1.++.2Ceramium rubrum..+.2.+.2Chaetomorpha sp.++.2++.2+Cladophora sp.1.32.2.1.2. Tab. 5. Ass. Phragmitetum australis (W.Koch 1926) Schmale1939 No. of veget. record12345678Size of veget. record (m2)5050505040505030Ass.Phragmites australis4.53.44.54.54.54.53.45.5All., O., Cl.:Bolboschoenus maritimus+.2.1.2.1.2+.2..Comp.:Aster tripolium+.2+.2+.2+.3+.21.2..Calistegia sepium+.2...+.2+.2.+.2Carex extensa...+.2+.2+.2..Inula chritmoides..+.2...+.2.Juncus acutus.+.2...+.2..Juncus maritimus.+.2+.2.....Atriplex latifolia+.2.......Halimione portulacoides......+.2.Inula viscosa...+.2....Salsola soda......+.2.Lactuca scariola...+.... Tab. 6. Ass. Bolboschoenetum maritimi Br.-Bl. 1931 No. of veget. record12345678910Size of veget. record (m2)40403040253030253040Ass.Bolboschoenus maritimus4.43.44.54.53.33.33.34.52.34.5All., O., Cl.:Phragmites australis..+.2+.2+.....Comp.:Aster tripolium+.2+.2++.21.2+.21.2.+.2+.2Juncus maritimus+.21.2+.2+.2...1.2+.2+.2Limonium serotinum.+.2+.2+.2....+.2.Carex extensa.....+.2..1.2+.2Elymus pycnanthus.......+.21.2+.2Puccinellia palustris+.2.+.3.......Halimione portulacoides.+.2........Inula chritmoides+.2.........Juncus acutus.....+.2....Salicornia fruticosa.+........ PAGE  PAGE 7 z | 46GR_|>4f  1 ; T d { !'!=!a!z!!!!!!!!#$($X$$$$$%"%h%|%%%&&$':'?'P'''*(B((((5mH6H*6mHmH5^ R $d$d$dxd R |  45L-RxGHs.P ( I r !X!!!!$$$$$$$%%%%%e |  45L$d$dL-RxGHs.P ( I r $d$d$dr !X!!!!$$$$$$$%%%%% % %%%%~%((*($d$d% % %%%%~%((*(((((((((((((((()+++,,,,, ,",$,&,(,*,,,.,0,2,4,,//3/4/5/6/7/8/9/:/;//?/@/A/B/{/111111111111122222233 4 4 4 4 4444444)4*4+4B4P4 c*(((((((((((((((()++,,,,, ,",$,&,(,*,$d(((( )")P)1+=+V+c+++,,4,D,j,,,,//&/3/B/J/`/z///80L000111 2$212<2T2222233333 4*4+4P4Q4r4s444444455+5,5O5P5v5w5555555 6 6.6/6V6W6w6x666777777CJmH5mH66mHmH^*,,,.,0,2,4,,//3/4/5/6/7/8/9/:/;//?/@/A/B/{/1111$d111111111122222233 4 4 4 4 4444444$d $`d4)4*4+4B4P4Q4a4r4s44444444444555+5̴̔̈$$l  $$l $$$dh$dP4Q4a4r4s44444444444555+5,5<5O5P5a5v5w55555555555 6 66.6/6A6V6W6j6w6x66666777777777777888888888 8 8 8 8 8888888-8<=>?@yA2BCCDFG[H?I@IAI c+5,5<5O5P5a5v5w55555555555 6 66.6/6A6V6W6ؘtؐؠ؄$$l $$ $$l W6j6w6x666667777777777778888ج|؈$d$dh$$l  $$l $$7777-8.888989999:O:e:::i<~<<<@@FGGG"G9G H HJNOQRVRcRtRRRRRRRRRRRSS(S)S;S[S\SsSSSSSSSSSTT T.THTIT[ToTpTUUkUlUUUUUUUUUUUUVVV 6CJmH CJH*mH6mH65CJmHmHZ888888 8 8 8 8 8888888-8<=>?@yA2BCCDF$d$dFG[H?I@IAIBICIGIHIIIJIKILIMIXIJfKLMNOQORPRQRRR $0d$d$dAIBICIGIHIIIJIKILIMIXIJfKLMNOQORPRQRRRSRTRURVRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRSSS SSSSS(S)S;S?SCSGSKSOSSSUSWS[S\SsSwS{SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS bRRSRTRURVRRRRRRRRRRRRR$$$$$dh$dRRRRRRRRRRRRRytoooooooooy$$$$$$l  J &] RRRRRRSSS SSSS$$$$$$$l4$ SS(S)S;S?SCSGSKSy@vRMHHHH$$$$$$$l4$$$l  J &]KSOSSSUSWS[S\SsSwS{SSSSto$$$$l  J &]$$ SSSSSSSSSSSSSto$$$$l  J &]$$ SSSSSSSSSSSSSto$$$$l  J &]$$ SSSSSSSSSSST T TTTTTTTT T.T0T4T6T8TV@VBVDVFVGVUVWV[V]V_VaVcVeViVkVlV~VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVWWWW W WWWWW!W#W'W)W+W-W/W1W2WCWEWGWKWMWOWQWSWUWWWXWlWnWpWrWtWvWzW|W~WW cV0V4V6V8VV@VBVDVFVGVUVo$$l  J &]$$$$ V0VFVGVUVkVlV~VVVVVVVVVVWWW1W2WCWWWXWlWWWWWWWWWWWWX2XfXXXXY0Y2YNYPY\Y^YYYYYYYZZZ$Z%Z.Z/ZGZWZXZhZvZwZZZZZZZZZZZZZ[[ [[[$[0[1[B[N[O[ CJH*mH6mHmHCJmH 6CJmH[UVWV[V]V_VaVcVeViVkVlV~VVto$$$$l  J &]$$ VVVVVVVVVVVVVto$$$$l  J &]$$ VVVVVVVVVVVVVto$$$$l  J &]$$ VVVVVVVVVVVWWto$$$$l  J &]$$ WWW W WWWWW!W#W'W)Wto$$$$l  J &]$$ )W+W-W/W1W2WCWEWGWKWMWOWQWto$$$$l  J &]$$ QWSWUWWWXWlWnWpWrWtWvWzW|Wto$$$$l  J &]$$ |W~WWWWWWWWWWWWto$$$$l  J &]$$ WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWXXXXX"X&X*X.X2X4X6X8X:XX@XBXDXFXHXJXLXXXXXXXXY6YX@XBXDXFXHXJXLXXXXXXXXY6Y]F]N]R]Z]b]j]l]]]]]]]]]]]]]]^^ ^ ^^^^^^0^2^4^6^8^<^@^B^D^E^S^U^W^Y^[^_^a^c^e^f^o^p^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ c\\\\\\\\\\]]]].]6]>]F]N]R]Z]b]$$l4$$$$$ $$l  J &]b]j]l]]]]]]]]]]]]]]^^ ^ ^^^ټ$$l4$$$ $$l  J &]$$^^^^0^2^4^6^8^<^@^B^D^E^S^U^W^Y^[^_^a^c^e^f^o^ٜل($$$ $$l  J &]$$o^p^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ $ $$l  J &]$$$$$$l4^^^^^^^^^^^^^____ _"_&_(_,_-_E_I_٬$$ $$l  J &]$$^^^^^^^^^^^^____ _"_&_(_,_-_E_I_K_M_Q_U_W_Y_]_^_q_u_w_y_{____________________________________ ` `````````5`7`9`;`=`?`A`C`E`F`W`Y`[`]`_`a`c`e` cI_K_M_Q_U_W_Y_]_^_q_u_w_y_{____________٨٠$$ $$l  J &]$$_________________________٘٘ل$$ $$l  J &]$$_ ` `````````5`7`9`;`=`?`A`C`E`F`W`Y`[`]`ԤԈ $$l  J &]$$$$]`_`a`c`e`g`h`v`x`z`|`~``````````````|$dh$$ $$l  J &]$$e`g`h`v`x`z`|`~```````````````````````````````aaa a aaa%a&a6a:a>aBaFaJaKaRaSafajanapataxayaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa c``````````````````aaa a aaaѬX$$l J &$$$$$dh````aa%a&a6aJaKaRaSafaxayaaaaaaaaaaaab.bJbobpbbbbbbbbbbbbc c!c(c)c9cUcVchccccccccccccddd)d;daBaFaJaKaRaSafajanapataxayaaaa l$$l J &$$$$$$l4&$aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa|܀܀$$$$l J &$$aaaaaaaaaaaaabbbbbbbbb b b bIbJb_b$$$dhaaaabbbbbbbbb b b bIbJb_babcbebgbibkbmbobpbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbc ccccccc c!c(c)c9c=cAcEcIcMcQcScUcVchclcncpcrcvczc|ccccccccccccccccccc c_babcbebgbibkbmbobpbbbbbbbbbbbbb$$l4$$$ $$l  J &]$$bbbbbbbbbbbbbc ccccccc c@$$l4$ $$l  J &]$$$$ c!c(c)c9c=cAcEcIcMcQcScUcVchclcncpcrcvczc|c ެ$$$$$$l4$ $$l  J &]|cccccccccccccccccccccccccٌٜٔ$$ $$l  J &]$$cccccccccccccccddd d dddddd)d-d/d1d3d5d7d9d;dJLNRT`bfhjrp5mH0J j0JU CJH*mH6mHmHCJmH 6CJmHUeeffffff"f&f*f.f0f4f8f9fJfNfRfVfZf\f $$$$$$l49!$"$$l  J &]9!\f^f`fdfhflfmfffffffffffffffffffפ$$"$$l  J &]9!$$fffffffffffffffffff g ggggg״׼$$"$$l  J &]9!$$ffffffffffff g ggggggggg!g"g:g >@@$dh$dh$d&`#$quick sand..11 VEGETATION OF THE PANTANA AREA AT KA`TELA BAY AND ITS PROTECTIONS PROBLEMS ( VEGETACIJA OBMO JA PANTANA OB KA`TELSKEM ZALIVU IN PROBLEMI NJEGOVEGA VAROVANJA ) JURAJ KAMENJARIN ZINKA PAVLETI Department of Biology Department of Biology Faculty of Natural Science Faculty of Natural Science University of Split University of Zagreb Teslina 12 Maruliev trg 20/II HR-21000 Split HR-10000 Zagreb Croatia Croatia A total of 42 u skladu s mozai nom distribucijom glavnih ekoloakih faktora (dubina i salinitet vode, izmjena plime i oseke kao i tekstura tla). Ukupno je zabilje~eno 42 biljne vrste. podru je Pantane je pod jakim antropogenim utjecajem koji u zadnje vrijeme postaje sve ja i. Zato ova istra~ivanja ukazuju na veliki biodiverzitet ovog podru ja i na potrebu za konkretnim mjerama zaatite. Klju ne rije i: Kaatelanski zaljev, Pantana, mo varna vegetacija, halofitna vegetacija.e been registered. A total of 42o the presence of this quick sand..14 12 HR-21000 Split Croatia E-mail:  HYPERLINK mailto:juraj.kamenjarin@st.hinet.hr juraj.kamenjarin@st.hinet.hr ZINKA PAVLETI Department of Biology Faculty of Natural Science University of Zagreb Maruliev trg 20/II HR-10000 Zagreb Croatia IZVLE E' 01h. A!"#$% VEGETATION OF THE PANTANA AREA AT KA`TELA BAY AND ITS PROTECTIONS PROBLEMS ( VEGETACIJA OBMO JA PANTANA OB KA`TELSKEM ZALIVU IN PROBLEMI NJEGOVEGA VAROVANJA ) JURAJ KAMENJARIN Department of Biology Faculty of Natural Science University of Split Teslina 12 HR-21000 Split Croatia E-mail:  HYPERLINK mailto:juraj.kamenjarin@st.hinet.hr juraj.kamenjarin@st.hinet.hr ZINKA PAVLETI Department of Biology Faculty of Natural Science University of Zagreb Maruliev trg 20/II HR-10000 Zagreb Croatia IZVLE EK Podru je Pantane smjeateno je u zapadnom dijelu Kaatelanskog zaljeva i obuhvaa nekoliko km2 . Pod utjecajem blagoslane izvorske vode te plime i oseke razvila se specifi na mo varna i halofitna vegetacija. Na osnovu fitocenoloakih i sintaksonomskih istra~ivanja determinirano je za podru je Pantane 6 biljnih zajednica: Limonio-Artemisietum coerulescentis, Salsoletum sodae, Juncetum maritimo-acuti, Rupietum maritimae, Phragmitetum australis and Bolboschoenetum maritimi. Ove biljne zajednice mozai no su rasporeene u skladu s mozai nim rasporedom glavnih ekoloakih faktora (dubina i salinitet vode, izmjena plime i oseke kao i tekstura tla). Ukupno su zabilje~ene 42 biljne vrste. Podru je Pantane je pod jakim antropogenim utjecajem koji u zadnje vrijeme postaje sve ja i. Zato ova istra~ivanja ukazuju na veliki biodiverzitet ovog podru ja i na potrebu za konkretnim mjerama zaatite. Klju ne rije i: Kaatelanski zaljev, Pantana, mo varna vegetacija, halofitna vegetacija. ABSTRACT The Pantana area is situated in the western part of the Kaatela Bay occupying an area of several square kilometers. Here, under the influence of the slightly saline spring water and tidal movements a specific marsh and halophytic vegetation is developed. Based on the phytosociological and syntaxonomic research, for the Pantana area 6 plant associations have been determined: Limonio-Artemisietum coerulescentis, Salsoletum sodae, Juncetum maritimo-acuti, Rupietum maritimae, Phragmitetum australis and Bolboschoenetum maritimi. These plant associations are distributed in a mosaic manner, in conformity with the equally mosaic distribution of major ecological factors (water depth and salinity, high and low tide, soil texture). A total of 42 plant species has been registered. The Pantana area is under a strong anthropogenetic impact which lately has become even stronger. Therefore, this research has to show both the great biodiversity of this area and the necessity to take certain protective measures in it. Key words: the Kaately Bay, Pantana, marsh vegetation, halophytic vegetation. INTRODUCTION The Pantana (Pantan) marshland is situated in the western part of the Kaatela Bay near Trogir, extending over an area of several square kilometers. The spring with slightly saline water is in the close vicinity of the road leading from Trogir to Split. Additional water brackishness results from a slightly higher position of the spring in relation to the sea level, so depending on whether the tide is high or low the brackishness increases or decreases. Near the spring there is a water-mill from the 13th century, and on the mouth the remnants of the tower from the same period . The water-mill is presently under reconstruction because of the intention to include it in the tourist and catering offer. Between the spring and the mouth there are old fish-ponds, which have not been used for several years now. In its eastern part, the marsh has become a rubbish and construction waste dump. A slaughterhouse is there, too. From the eastern and north-western sides filling of the marsh is done for the purpose of extending farmlands. The earlier urban development plans of Trogir even anticipated a part of the marsh to be filled for housing construction. As far back as in the 15th century the laws forbidding fishing with fishing nets in this area were in force. Wading on muddy land, as well as cutting of reed and grass were forbidden, too (Fiskovi, 1981; Babi, 1984; Cvitani, 1996, 1998; Su evi et Dujmov, 1998). Today, the Pantana marshland has been proclaimed a special ichthyologic and ornithological reserve of nature in order to prevent hunting of birds which rest here during their migration and catching of fish and fish fry using fishing tackle and explosive. Despite of the protectRjlnprªlnp2P`0\$d$dh$dh$d&`#$ion by law, due to the lack of control the destruction by farmland extending and by filling with construction waste continues. Unfortunately, the vegetation is not included in the protection, although some vegetation researches were made (Bedalov et `egulja, 1990). However, as these researches have never been published fully, the need is felt for a new vegetation reseach with the aim to protect the flora and vegetation. MATERIAL AND METHODS The vegetation researches carried out in the Pantana area in the spring, summer and autumn of 2001 are based on the combined estimation according to the Zrich-Montpellier school, while the syntaxonomic analysis is presented according to Horvati (1963) and Polidini et al. (1999). In the researched area, the individual plant associations are distributed in a mosaic-like manner and are not separated sharply between them. The reason is in the analogue, namely mosaic distribution of the most important ecological factors (water depth and salinity, the high and low tide, soil texture). Therefore, in the preparation of phytosociological records, relatively small areas had to be taken for analysis. Thus, the vegetation is in fact developed as one mosaic complex. However, some plant association in the researched area are developed fragmentarily only, and, therefore, they were analyzed accordingly. To save space, in tables the following abbreviations are used: Ass. = characteristic species of association All. = characteristic species of alliance O. = characteristic species of order Cl. = characteristic species of class Comp. = accompanying species RESULTS On the basis of phytosociological research, the marsh and halophilic vegetation in the Pantana area in terms of the syntaxonomy could be shown in the following wVEGETATION OF THE PANTANA AREA AT KA`TELA BAY AND ITS PROTECTIONS PROBLEMS ( VEGETACIJA OBMO JA PANTANA OB KA`TELSKEM ZALIVU IN PROBLEMI NJEGOVEGA VAROVANJA ) JURAJ KAMENJARIN ZINKA PAVLETI Department of Biology Department of Biology Faculty of Natural Science Faculty of Natural Science University of Split University of Zagreb Teslina 12 Maruliev trg 20/II HR-21000 Split HR-10000 Zagreb Croatia Croatia A total of 42e been registered. A total of 42o the presence of this VEGETATION OF THE PANTANA AREA AT KA`TELA BAY AND ITS PROTECTIONS PROBLEMS ( VEGETACIJA OBMO JA PANTANA OB KA`TELSKEM ZALIVU IN PROBLEMI NJEGOVEGA VAROVANJA ) JURAJ KAMENJARIN ZINKA PAVLETI Department of Biology Department of Biology Faculty of K Podru je Pantane smjeateno je u zapadnom dijelu Kaatelanskog zaljeva i obuhvaa nekoliko km2 . Pod utjecajem blagoslane izvorske vode te plime i oseke razvila se specifi na mo varna i halofitna vegetacija. Na osnovu fitocenoloakih i sintaksonomskih istra~ivanja determinirano je za podru je Pantane 6 biljnih zajednica: Limonio-Artemisietum coerulescentis, Salsoletum sodae, Juncetum maritimo-acuti, Rupietum maritimae, Phragmitetum australis and Bolboschoenetum maritimi. Ove biljne zajednice mozai no su rasporeene u skladu s mozai nim rasporedom glavnih ekoloakih faktora (dubina i salinitet vode, izmjena plime i oseke kao i tekstura tla). Ukupno su zabilje~ene 42 biljne vrste. Podru je Pantane je pod jakim antropogenim utjecajem koji u zadnje vrijeme postaje sve ja i. Zato ova istra~ivanja ukazuju na veliki biodiverzitet ovog podru ja i na potrebu za konkretnim mjerama zaatite. Klju ne rije i: Kaatelanski zaljev, Pantana, mo varna vegetacija, halofitna vegetacija. ABSTRACT The Pantana area is situated in the western part of the Kaatela Bay occupying an area of several square kilometers. Here, under the influence of the slightly saline spring water and tidal movements a specific marsh and halophytic vegetation is developed. Based on the phytosociological and syntaxonomic research, for the Pantana area 6 plant associations have been determined: Limonio-Artemisietum coerulescentis, Salsoletum sodae, Juncetum maritimo-acuti, Rupietum maritimae, Phragmitetum australis and Bolboschoenetum maritimi. These plant associations are distributed in a mosaic manner, in conformity with the equally mosaic distribution of major ecological factors (water depth and salinity, high and low tide, soil texture). A total of 42 plant species has been registered. The Pantana area is under a strong anthropogenetic impact which lately has become even stronger. Therefore, this research has to show both the great biodiversity of this area and the necessity to take certain protective measures in it. Key words: the Kaately Bay, Pantana, marsh vegetation, halophytic vegetation. INTRODUCTION The Pantana (Pantan) marshland is situated in the western part of the Kaatela Bay near Trogir, extending over an area of several square kilometers. The spring with slightly saline water is in the close vicinity of the road leading from Trogir to Split. Additional water brackishness results from a slightly higher position of the spring in relation to the sea level, so depending on whether the tide is high or low the brackishness increases or decreases. Near the spring there is a water-mill from the 13th century, and on the mouth the remnants of the tower from the same period . The water-mill is presently under reconstruction because of the intention to include it in the tourist and catering offer. Between the spring and the mouth there are old fish-ponds, which have not been used for several years now. In its eastern part, the marsh has become a rubbish and construction waste dump. A slaughterhouse is there, too. From the eastern and north-western sides filling of the marsh is done for the purpose of extending farmlands. The earlier urban development plans of Trogir even anticipated a part of the marsh to be filled for housing construction. As far back as in the 15th century the laws forbidding fishing with fishing nets in this area were in force. Wading on muddy land, as well as cutting of reed and grass were forbidden, too (Fiskovi, 1981; Babi, 1984; Cvitani, 1996, 1998; Su evi et Dujmov, 1998). Today, the Pantana marshland has been proclaimed a special ichthyologic and ornithological reserve of nature in order to prevent hunting of birds which rest here during their migration and catching of fish and fish fry using fishing tackle and explosive. Despite of the protection by law, due to the lack of control the destruction by farmland extending and by filling with construction waste continues. Unfortunately, the vegetation is not included in the protection, although some vegetation researches were made (Bedalov et `egulja, 1990). However, as these researches have never been published fully, the need is felt for a new vegetation reseach with the aim to protect the flora and vegetation. MATERIAL AND METHODS The vegetation researches carried out in the Pantana area in the spring, summer and autumn of 2001 are based on the combined estimation according to the Zrich-Montpellier school, while the syntaxonomic analysis is presented according to Horvati (1963) and Polidini et al. (1999). In the researched area, the individual plant associations are distributed in a mosaic-like manner and are not separated sharply between them. The reason is in the analogue, namely mosaic distribution of the most important ecological factors (water depth and salinity, the high and low tide, soil texture). Therefore, in the preparation of phytosociological records, relatively small areas had to be taken for analysis. Thus, the vegetation is in fact developed as one mosaic complex. However, some plant association in the researched area are developed fragmentarily only, and, therefore, they were analyzed accordingly. To save space, in tables the following abbreviations are used: Ass. = characteristic species of association All. = characteristic species of alliance O. = characteristic species of order Cl.ay: I. Cl. Salicornietea Br.-Bl. et Tx.1943 O. Salicornietalia Br.-Bl. 1931 Al. Thero-Suaedion Br.-Bl. 1931 1. Ass. Salsoletum sodae Pignatti 1953 Al. Salicornion fruticose Br.-Bl. 1931 2. Ass. Limonio-Artemisietum coerulescentis H-i 1934 II. Cl. Juncetea maritimi Tx. 1951 O. Juncetalia maritimi Br.-Bl. 1931 All. Juncion maritimi Br.-Bl. 1931 3. Ass. Juncetum maritimo-acuti H-i 1934 III. Cl. Rupietea Tx. et Preising 1960 O. Rupietalia J.Txen 1960 All. Rupion maritimae Br.-Bl. 1931 4. Ass. Ruppietum maritimae Br.-Bl. 1931 IV. Cl. Phragmitetea Tx. et Preising 1942 O. Phragmitetalia W.Koch 1926 All. Phragmition (W.Koch 1926) Br.-Bl. 1931 5. Ass. Phragmitetum australis (WNatural Science Faculty of Natural Science University of Split University of Zagreb Teslina 12 Maruliev trg 20/II HR-21000 Split HR-10000 Zagreb Croatia Croatia A total of 42 u skladu s mozai nom distribucijom glavnih ekoloakih faktora (dubina i salinitet vode, izmjena plime i oseke kao i tekstura tla). Ukupno je zabilje~eno 42 biljne vrste. podru je Pantane je pod jakim antropogenim utjecajem koji u zadnje vrijeme postaje sve ja i. Zato ova istra~ivanja ukazuju na veliki biodiverzitet ovog podru ja i na potrebu za konkretnim mjerama zaatite. Klju ne rije i: Kaatelanski zaljev, Pantana, mo varna vegetacija, halofitna vegetacija.: A list of plants, arranged in an alphabetical order, have been set forth.They have been recorded on the studied area and give a basis for further studiing.e been registered. A total of 42o the presence of this quick sand..15 .Koch 1926) Schmale1939 6. Ass. Bolboschoenetum maritimi Br.-Bl. 1931 1. Ass. Salsoletum sodae Pignatti 1953 The ass. Salsoletum sodae is developed in the area of the low gravelly seashore and the small islands at the mouth. It builds the first, outer v                *$dh$d$d$d$dh POVZETEK Mo varno podru je Pantana (Pantan) smjeateno je u zapadnom dijelu kaatelanskog zaljeva u blizini Trogira, te zauzima povrainu od nekoliko km2. Izvor blago slankaste vode nalazi se neposredno uz cestu koja vodi iz Trogira u Split. Dodatnu bo atost vode uzrokuje tek neznatno viai polo~aj izvora u odnosu na nivo mora, tako da se u ovisnosti o plimi i oseci, bo atost poveava, odnosno smanjuje. Na temelju fitocenoloako-sintaksonomskih istra~ivanja, za podru je Pantan zabilje~eno je 6 biljnih zajednica: ass. Salsoletum sodae gdje je u 9 fitocenoloakih snimki zabilje~eno 26 vrsta, ass. Limonio-Artemisietum coerulescentis gdje je u 4 fitocenoloake snimke zabilje~eno 17 vrsta, ass. Juncetum maritimo-acuti gdje je u 8 fitocenoloakih snimki zabilje~eno 18 vrsta, ass. Ruppietum maritimae gdje je u 5 fitocenoloakih snimki zabilje~eno 6 vrsta, ass. Phragmitetum australis gdje je u 8 fitocenoloakih snimki zabilje~eno 13 vrsta, te ass. Bolboschoenetum maritimi gdje je u 10 fitocenoloakih snimki zabilje~eno 12 vrsta. Ulupno su zabilje~ene 42 vrste. Zbog mozai nog rasporeda presudnih ekoloakih imbenika (dubina i salinitet vode, plima i oseka, tekstura podloge), biljne zajednice nisu oatro odijeljene jedna od druge te se javljaju kao jedan mozaik kompleks. IzvjestayK zinka.pavletic@st.hinet.hryK Dmailto:zinka.pavletic@st.hinet.hrDyK zinka.pavletic@st.hinet.hryK Dmailto:zinka.pavletic@st.hinet.hrD   "$*,""(%,.......$d$d$d POVZETEK Mo varno podru je Pantana (Pantan) smjeateno je u zapadnom dijelu kaatelanskog zaljeva u blizini Trogira, te zauzima povrainu od nekoliko km2. Izvor blago slankaste vode nalazi se neposredno uz cestu koja vodi iz Trogira u Split. Dodatnu bo atost vode uzrokuje tek neznatno viai polo~aj izvora u odnosu na nivo mora, tako da se u ovisnosti o plimi i oseci, bo atost poveava, odnosno smanjuje. Na temelju fitocenoloako-sintaksonomskih istra~ivanja, za podru je Pantan zabilje~eno je 6 biljnih zajednica: ass. Salsoletum sodae gdje je u 9 fitocenoloakih snimki zabilje~eno 26 vrsta, ass. Limonio-Artemisietum coerulescentis gdje je u 4 fitocenoloake snimke zabilje~eno 17 vrsta, ass. Juncetum maritimo-acuti gdje je u 8 fitocenoloakih snimki zabilje~eno 18 vrsta, ass. Ruppietum maritimae gdje je u 5 fitocenoloakih snimki zabilje~eno 6 vrsta, ass. Phragmitetum australis gdje je u 8 fitocenoloakih snimki zabilje~eno 13 vrsta, te ass. Bolboschoenetum maritimi gdje je u 10 fitocenoloakih snimki zabilje~eno 12 vrsta. Ulupno su zabilje~ene 42 vrste. Zbog mozai nog rasporeda presudnih ekoloakih imbenika (dubina i salinitet vode, plima i oseka, tekstura podloge), biljne zajednice nisu oatro odijeljene jedna od druge te se javljaju kao jedan mozaik kompleks. Izvjestan broj biljnih zajednica pojavljuje se samo fragmentarno kao npr. Euphorbio-Glaucietum, te Salicornietum fruticosae. Upravo navedeni podaci govore o bioraznolikosti vegetacije na istra~ivanom podru ju, ato rezultira i bioraznolikoau faune. Kako bi se ta bioraznolikost sa uvala i u budue, neophodno bi bilo Pantan staviti pod stro~i re~im zaatite i poduzeti odreene mjere. SUMMARY 24 ..///// / /////$/&/(/*/,/./0/2/4/6/8/://@/$d$d$dx;;*<Z<J?r?|??A BBB(J*JJJJJJJJJKKNNtOO4PbPPQzQQ,R\RLUtU~UUWXXXH*mH50JjU jU0JmH6mH+yK zinka.pavletic@st.hinet.hryK Dmailto:zinka.pavletic@st.hinet.hrHeader  p#&)@& Page NumberJC@JBody Text Indent$0dmH(U@!( Hyperlink>*B*e . / 0 = ? x;;*<Z<J?r?|??A BBB(J*JJJJJJJJJKKNNtOO4PbPPQzQQ,R\RLUtU~UUWXXX(^*^^^^^^^^^__bbvcc6dddde|ee.f^fNiviiikllljUH*mH50JjU jU0JmH6mHKXX^^^^^^^^^^^aikkkkkkkkkkk$d$dxd$d$dh$d Dunjevac 2 E-mail:  HYPERLINK mailto:zinka.pavletic@st.hinet.hr zinka.pavletic@st.hinet.hr POVZETEK Mo varno podru je Pantana (Pantan) smjeateno je u zapadnom dijelu kaatelanskog zaljeva u blizini Trogira, te zauzima povrainu od nekoliko km2. Izvor blago slankaste vode nalazi se neposredno uz cestu koja vodi iz Trogira u Split. Dodatnu bo atost vode uzrokuje tek neznatno viai polo~aj izvora u odnosu na nivo mora, tako da se u ovisnosti o plimi i oseci, bo atost poveava, odnosno smanjuje. Na temelju fitocenoloako-sintaksonomskih istra~ivanja, za podru je Pantan zabilje~eno je 6 biljnih zajednica: ass. Salsoletum sodae gdje je u 9 fitocenoloakih snimki zabilje~eno 26 vrsta, ass. Limonio-Artemisietum coerulescentis gdje je u 4 fitocenoloake snimke zabilje~eno 17 vrsta, ass. Juncetum maritimo-acuti gdje je u 8 fitocenoloakih snimki zabilje~eno 18 vrsta, ass. Ruppietum maritimae gdje je u 5 fitocenoloakih snimki zabilje~eno 6 vrsta, ass. Phragmitetum australis gdje je u 8 fitocenoloakih snimki zabilje~eno 13 vrsta, te ass. Bolboschoenetum maritimi gdje je u 10 fitocenoloakih snimki zabilje~eno 12 vrsta. Ukupno su zabilje~ene 42 vrste. Zbog mozai nog rasporeda presudnih ekoloakih imbenika (dubina i salinitet vode, plima i oseka, tekstura podloge), biljne zajednice nisu oatro odijeljene jedna od druge te se javljaju kao jedan mozaik kompleks. Izvjestan broj biljnih zajednica pojavljuje se samo fragmentarno kao npr. Euphorbio-Glaucietum, te Salicornietum fruticosae. Upravo navedeni podaci govore o bioraznolikosti vegetacije na istra~ivanom podru ju, ato rezultira i bioraznolikoau faune. Kako bi se ta bioraznolikost sa uvala i u budue, neophodno bi bilo Pantan staviti pod stro~i re~im zaatite i poduzeti odreene mjere. SUMMARY 15 kkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkklllll l lllll$d$d$d [@@@NormalCJ_HaJmHnHsHtH u<A@< Default Paragraph Font,@,Header  p#&)@& Page NumberJC@JBody Text Indent$0dmH(U@!( Hyperlink>*B*eKLst  egetation zone, characterized by the humid and markedly saline soil. Its floristic composition is shown in Table 1 made on the basis of 9 phytosociological records. A total of 26 species has been registered. The association, although fragmentarily developed, occupies relatively large areas, and inside it the elements of ass. Euphorbio-Glaucietum H-i 1950 and ass. Salicornietum fruticosae Br.-Bl 1931 grow fragmentarily. Tab. 1. Ass. Salsoletum sodae Pignatti 1953 2. Ass. Limonio-Artemisietum coerulescentis H-i 1934 The ass. Limonio-Artemisietum coerulescentis continues to the ass. Salsoletum sodae toward the land, or it is developed on a somewhat higher gravelly soil, inside the wave spraying zone, too. Its floristic composition is shown in Table 2 made on the basis of 4 phytosociological records. A total of 17 species has been registered, among which dominant are Artemisia coerulescens and Inula chritmoides. This association covers relatively large areas with the covering of practically 100%, and inside it the elements of the fragmentarily developed ass. Salicornietum fruticosae Br.-Bl. 1931 occur. Tab.2. Ass. Limonio-Artemisietum coerulescentis H-i 1934 3. Ass. Juncetum maritimo-acuti H-i 1934 The ass. Juncetum maritimo-acuti grows on both the seashore and the inner side of the small islands, on more or less saline, muddy and muddy-gravelly soils, where fresh and salt water mix. Its floristic composition is shown in Table 3 made on the basis of 8 phytosociological records. A total of 18 species has been registered. The association is developed on a relatively small space and inside it the elements of the class Ammophiletea Br.-Bl. ex Tx. 1943 and Salicornietea Br.-Bl ex Tx. 1952 occur. Tab. 3. Ass. Juncetum maritimo-acuti H-i 1934 4. Ass. Ruppietum maritimae Br.-Bl.1931 The ass. Rupietum maritimae grows at the mouth, in the lagoon closed from the sea by the low shore and the small islands. The vegetation grows on the muddy bottom at a depth of 5-40 cm, depending upon whether the tide is low or high. The water salinity also varies considerably according to the tidal movements.The floristic composition is given in Table 4 made on the basis of 5 phytosociological records. A total of 6 species has been registered. Tab. 4. Ass. Ruppietum maritimae Br.-Bl.1931 5. Ass. Phragmitetum australis (W.Koch 1926) Schmale1939 The ass. Phragmitetum australis occupies the largest areas in the researched locality. It grows from the spring to the inner edge of the lagoon on the muddy bottom. Absolutely dominant is Phragmites australis. The floristic composition is given in Table 5 made on the basis of 8 phytosociological records. A total of 13 species has been registered, with Phragmites australis being absolutely dominant in this = characteristic species of class Comp. = accompanying species RESULTS On the basis of phytosociological research, the marsh and halophilic vegetation in the Pantana area in terms of the syntaxonomy could be shown in the following way: I. Cl. Salicornietea Br.-Bl. et Tx.1943 O. Salicornietalia Br.-Bl. 1931 Al. Thero-Suaedion Br.-Bl. 1931 1. Ass. Salsoletum sodae Pignatti 1953 Al. Salicornion fruticose Br.-Bl. 1931 2. Ass. Limonio-Artemisietum coerulescentis H-i 1934 II. Cl. Juncetea maritimi Tx. 1951 O. Juncetalia maritimi Br.-Bl. 1931 All. Juncion maritimi Br.-Bl. 1931 3. Ass. Juncetum maritimo-acuti H-i 1934 III. Cl. Rupietea Tx. et Preising 1960 O. Rupietalia J.Txen 1960 All. Rupion maritimae Br.-Bl. 1931 4. Ass. Ruppietum maritimae Br.-Bl. 1931 IV. Cl. Phragmitetea Tx. et Preising 1942 O. Phragmitetalia W.Koch 1926 All. Phragmition (W.Koch 1926) Br.-Bl. 1931 5. Ass. Phragmitetum australis (W.Koch 1926) Schmale1939 6. Ass. Bolboschoenetum maritimi Br.-Bl. 1931 1. Ass. Salsoletum sodae Pignatti 1953 The ass. Salsoletum sodae is developed in the area of the low gravelly seashore and the small islands at the mouth. It builds the first, outer vegetation zone, characterized by the humid and markedly saline soil. Its floristic composition is shown in Table 1 made on the basis of 9 phytosociological records. A total of 26 species has been registered. The association, although fragmentarily developed, occupies relatively large areas, and inside it the elements of ass. Euphorbio-Glaucietum H-i 1950 and ass. Salicornietum fruticosae Br.-Bl 1931 grow fragmentarily. Tab. 1. Ass. Salsoletum sodae Pignatti 1953 2. Ass. Limonio-Artemisietum coerulescentis H-i 1934 The ass. Limonio-Artemisietum coerulescentis continues to the ass. Salsoletum sodae toward the land, or it is developed on a somewhat higher gravelly soil, inside the wave spraying zone, too. Its floristic composition is shown in Table 2 made on the basis of 4 phytosociological records. A total of 17 species has been registered, among which dominant are Artemisia coerulescens and Inula chritmoides. This association covers relatively large areas with the covering of practically 100%, and inside it the elements of the fragmentarily developed ass. Salicornietum fruticosae Br.-Bl. 1931 occur. Tab.2. Ass. Limonio-Artemisietum coerulescentis H-i 1934 3. Ass. Juncetum maritimo-acuti H-i 1934 The ass. Juncetum maritimo-acuti grows on both the seashore and the inner side of the small islands, on more or less saline, muddy and muddy-gravelly soils, where fresh and salt water mix. Its floristic composition is shown in Table 3 made on the basis of 8 phytosociological records. A total of 18 species has been registered. The association is developed on a relatively small space and inside it the elements of the class Ammophiletea Br.-Bl. ex Tx. 1943 and Salicornietea Br.-Bl ex Tx. 1952 occur. Tab. 3. Ass. Juncetum maritimo-acuti H-i 1934 4. Ass. Ruppietum maritimae Br.-Bl.1931 The ass. Rupietum maritimae grows at the mouth, in the lagoon closed from the sea by the low shore and the small islands. The vegetation grows on the muddy bottom at a depth of 5-40 cm, depending upon whether the tide is low or high. The water salinity also varies considerably according to the tidal movements.The floristic composition is given in Table 4 made on the basis of 5 phytosociological records. A total of 6 species has been registered. Tab. 4. Ass. Ruppietum maritimae Br.-Bl.1931 5. Ass. Phragmitetum australis (W.Koch 1926) Schmale1939 The ass. Phragmitetum australis occupies the largest areas in the researched locality. It grows from the spring to the inner edge of the lagoon on the muddy bottom. Absolute 6 7 D F GH*HPQ#Jr  /Y$Pz :;bX Y """"""""""""""##$$%%%%%%%%%%%% %Y%'''''''''''''' ())))))))))))))))**********+++"+5+6+N+b+c+u++++++++++++,,,*,@,A,S,i,j,x,,,,,,,,,,,,---(- ..&.8.9.K.W.X.f.y.z.{...3044m5A778n9-:#;p<=>????????????????????RA2E6F7F8F9F:F;FF?F@FAFBFCFDFEFFFGFHFPFHLMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMNNOO*PPQRR RLRMRbRdRfRhRjRlRnRpRrRtRuRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRS S SSSSSS!S%S&S=SASESISMSQSSSUSWSYSZSjSlSpStSvSxS|S~SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSTTT TTTTT%T'T)T+T/T1T3T5T7T9T:TU!U#U%U'U)U-U/U1U5U6UKUMUOUQUSUUUWUYU]U_U`UvUxUzU~UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUVVVV V VVVVV!V%V'V)V+V-V/V3V5V6VHVJVLVNVPVTVXVZV\V^V_VtVvVxV|V~VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV WWWWWWWWW!W"W6W8W:WW@WDWFWHWJWKWaWcWgWiWkWmWoWqWsWuWvWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW)X*X?XAXCXEXGXHXcXfXiXlXoXpXvXwXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXYYYYY Y0Y4Y8YY?YLYPYTYVYZY[YqYuYwY{Y}Y~YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY ZZZZZZ)Z-Z1Z3Z5Z6ZIZKZMZQZUZVZgZiZkZoZqZrZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ[[[[ [ [[[[[.[1[4[7[:[=[@[C[F[G[M[N[\[`[d[h[l[n[r[v[z[{[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[\\\ \ \\\\\ \$\&\(\*\+\4\5\G\I\K\O\S\U\Y\[\_\`\g\h\~\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ association. Such marked domination of reed proves this to be its optimal habitat, regardless of the presence of halophytic species among accompanying species. Tab. 5. Ass. Phragmitetum australis (W.Koch 1926) Schmale1939 6. Ass. Bolboschoenetum maritimi Br.-Bl. 1931 The ass. Bolboschoenetum maritimi grows from the spring to the inner edge of the lagoon, on the muddy shore, following the ass. Phragmitetum australis. Absolutely dominant is Bolboschoenus maritimus. Its floristic composition ily dominant is Phragmites australis. The floristic composition is given in Table 5 made on the basis of 8 phytosociological records. A total of 13 species has been registered, with Phragmites australis being absolutely dominant in this association. Such marked domination of reed proves this to be its optimal habitat, regardless of the presence of halophytic species among accompanying species. Tab. 5. Ass. Phragmitetum australis (W.Koch 1926) Schmale1939 6. Ass. Bolboschoenetum maritimi Br.-Bl. 1931 The ass. Bolboschoenetum maritimi grows from the spring to the inner edge of the lagoon, on the muddy shore, following the ass. Phragmitetum australis. Absolutely dominant is Bolboschoenus maritimus. Its floristic composition is given in Table 6 made on the basis of 10 phytosociological records. A total of 12 species has been registered, with Bolboschoenus maritimus being absolutely dominant in the association. Tab. 6. Ass. Bolboschoenetum maritimi Br.-Bl. 1931 List of plant species: A list of plants, arranged in an alphabetical order, have been set forth.They have been recorded on the studied area and give a basis for further studiing. Artemisia coerulescensJuncus acutusAster tripoliumJuncus maritimusAtriplex latifoliaLactuca scariolaBeta maritimaLimonium serotinumBolboschoenus maritimusLophochloa cristataCalistegia sepiumLotus alioniiCarex extensaOenanthe silaeifoliaCeramium rubrumParietaria judaicaChaetomorpha sp.Phragmites australisChritmum maritimumPoligonum maritimumCladophora sp.Puccinellia palustrisDatura stramoniumPulicaria disentericaDaucus carotaRumex crispusEcbalium elateriumRuppia maritimaElymus pycnanthusSalicornia fruticosaEnteromorpha linzaSalsola sodaGalium maritimumSonchus maritimusGlaucium flavumSuaeda maritima Halimione portulacoidesTamarix dalmaticaInula chritmoidesUlva rigidaInula viscosaVitex agnus-castus DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION According to the phytosociological and syntaxonomic research, for the Pantana area 6 plant associations haves given in Table 6 made on the basis of 10 phytosociological records. A total of 12 species has been registered, with Bolboschoenus maritimus being absolutely dominant in the association. Tab. 6. Ass. Bolboschoenetum maritimi Br.-Bl. 1931 List of plant species: A list of plants, arranged in an alphabetical order, have been set forth.They have been recorded on the studied area and give a basis for further studiing. Artemisia coerulescensJuncus acutusAster tripoliumJuncus maritimusAtriplex latifoliaLactuca scariolaBeta maritimaLimonium serotinumBolboschoenus maritimusLophochloa cristataCalistegia sepiumLotus alioniiCarex extensaOenanthe silaeifoliaCeramium rubrumParietaria judaicaChaetomorpha sp.Phragmites australisChritmum maritimumPoligonum maritimumCladophora sp.Puccinellia palustrisDatura stramoniumPulicaria disentericaDaucus carotaRumex crispusEcbalium elateriumRuppia maritimaElymus pycnanthusSalicornia fruticosaEnteromorpha linzaSalsola sodaGalium maritimumSonchus maritimusGlaucium flavumSuaeda maritima Halimione portulacoidesTamarix dalmaticaInula chritmoidesUlva rigidaInula viscosaVitex agnus-castus DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION According to the phytosociological and syntaxonomic research, for the Pantana area 6 plant associations have been registered: the ass. Salsoletum sodae where in 9 phytosociological records 26 species have been registered, the ass. Limonio-Artemisietum coerulescentis where in 4 phytosociological records 17 species have been registered, the as been registered: the ass. Salsoletum sodae where in 9 phytosociological records 26 species have been registered, the ass. Limonio-Artemisietum coerulescentis where in 4 phytosociological records 17 species have been registered, the ass. Juncetum maritimo-acuti where in 8 phytocenologicl records 18 species have been registered, the ass. Ruppietum maritimae where in 5 phytosociological records 6 species have been registered, the ass. Phragmitetum australis where in 8 phytosociological records 13 species have been registered, and the ass. Bolboschoenetum maritimi where in 10 phytosociological records 12 species have been registered. A total of 42 species has been registered. Because of a mosaic distribution of the most important factors (water depth and salinity, tidal movements, soil texture), the plant associations are not sharply separated from each other but occur like a mosaic complex. A certain number of plant associations occur fragmentarily only, such as Euphorbio-Glaucietum and Salicornietum fruticosae. All these data indicate the vegetation biodiversity in the researched area, that results in the biodiversity of fauna. To ensure the preservation of such biodiversity in the future, it would be necessary to put the Pantana area under a more severe protection regime and to take certain measures. Having in view that the marshland is filled with construction and other waste, it is absolutely necessary to prevent any further filling with waste and to cart off the existing waste to a waste heap. Filling with earth and farming waste disposal presently used to increase farming lands should also be prevented. Artificial fertilizers and stable manure affect the fertility not only of farmland but of marshland, too, that enables the development of various weeds between the marsh and halophytic species. There is also an uncontrolled use of pesticides in farming, that has negative effects on the natural vegetation either. It would be ideal to direct the agriculture to the biocultivation or, at least, to introduce a strict control in the use of fertilizers and pesticides. The reed stalks (Phragmites australis) are often used as poles in vegetable gardens and to provide shadow around houses, so their cutting should be forbidden. The slaughterhouse waste is deposited into pits and backfilled, but it is often left uncovered. For this reason, the slaughterhouse should be moved to another more suitable location. As lately most structures are built of concrete, it is necessary to forbid any further construction of either business or residential structures which require the construction of access roads and septic pits. The fish-farm ponds are in neglected condition. They should not be renewed and their concrete linings should be removed or at least broken, that would enable the ponds to become overgrown. Some 50 m far from the Pantana spring there is the concrete plant which produces a large amount of concrete dust, that has negative effects on the entire Pantana ecosystem. It would, therefore, be necessary to stop the operation of this plant. The reconstruction of the water mill at the spring will be completed soon and the mill will be used in tourism. Its owner is willing to grant one room for scientific research and for teaching students and pupils. He also wishes to present all biodiversity of Pantana. The modalities of cooperation should be agreed with the owner. The dilapidated beach structure in the western part, on the very shore, recently has been given in concession. Its reconstruction beyond its present dimensions should be prevented in order to protect the beautiful stands of the ass. Limonio-artemisietum coerulescentis and the ass. Juncetum maritimo-acuti growing to the west and to the north from this structure, respectively. Nearby the spring there is the extremely busy two-lane Split-Trogir road. Between the road and the spring the trees (such as cyprus - Cupressus sempervirens) could be planted to reduce the impact by exhaust gases. As the small islands and the mouth coast, which are very nice beaches, make the outer edge of the shallow lagoon filled with quagmire, it would be absolutely necessary to warn swimmers to the presence of this quick sand. REFERENCES Babi, I., 1984: Prostor izmeu Trogira i Splita. Muzej grada Trogira. Trogir. Bedalov, M., N. `egulja, 1993: Projekt "Gospodarenje prostorom Kaatelanskog zaljeva". CIMIS. Split. Cvitani, A., 1996: Specifi nosti mediteranske mo vare Pantan. Kaatelanski zbornik 5. Gradski muzej Kaatela i druatvo "Bijai". 55-68, Kaatela. Cvitani, A., 1998: Ornitofauna na podru ju Kaatelanskog polja. Zbornik Kaatela kolijevka Hrvatske. Matica hrvatska. 481-486, Kaatela. Fiskovi, C., 1981: O trogirskim mlinicama u povodu njihove namjene. Godianjak zaatite spomenika kulture Hrvatske 1980-1981. 6-7, 99-106, Trogir. Horvati, S., 1963: Vegetacijska karta otoka Paga s opim pregledom vegetacijskih jedinica Hrvatskog primorja. Prirodoslovna istra~ivanja 33. JAZU. Zagreb. Poldini, L., M. Vidali, M. L. Fabiani, 1999: La vegetazione del litorale sedimentario del Friuli-Venezia Giulia (NE Italia) con riferimenti ala regione Alto-Adriatica. Studia Geobotanica 17, 3-68. Trieste. Su evi, P., J. Dujmov, 1998: Prilog poznavanju lokaliteta Pantan. Zbornik Kaatela kolijevka Hrvatske. Matica hrvatska. 451-454, Kaatela. Tab. 1. Ass. Salsoletum sodae Pignatti 1953 No. of veget. record123456789Size of veget. record (m2)151010201020201520Ass.:Salsola soda1.22.21.2.2.32.32.3+.2+.2All., O., Cl.:Inula chritmoides1.31.22.32.2+.21.2..+.2Artemisia coerulescens1.2+.21.21.2+.2....Aster tripolium.+.2+.2..+.2.1.3+.2Atriplex latifolia.+.2+.2.+.2+.2..1.2Halimione portulacoides3.31.2+.2...+.2..Beta maritima.+.2..+.2+.2+.2..Sonchus maritimus..++.2+....Suaeda maritima .....+.2..1.3Salicornia fruticosa.......2.3.Puccinellia palustris..1.2......Comp.:Elymus pycnanthus..+.2+.+.2+.1.2Glaucium flavum....+.2+.22.2..Chritmum maritimum3.3..2.3.....Juncus acutus.+.2.....+.3.Datura stramonium....+.2+.2...Oenanthe silaeifolia..+.2..+.2...Ecbalium elaterium....+.+.2..Lactuca scariola...+.+.2...Lotus alionii...1.3.....Juncus maritimus..+.2......Lophochloa cristata.....+.2...Pulicaria disenterica.+.2.......Tamarix dalmatica.......+.2.Daucus carota....+....Vitex agnus-castus.....+... Tab. 2. Ass. Limonio-Artemisietum coerulescentis H-i 1934 No. of veget. record1234Size of veget. record (m2)40403020Ass.:Artemisia coerulescens3.42.3+.33.3All.:Inula chritmoides2.32.32.33.3Limonium serotinum1.21.3+.31.2O., Cl.:Halimione portulacoides1.21.2+.21.2Aster tripolium2.31.2+.2.Salsola soda+.2+.2.+.2Puccinellia palustris1.2.1.3.Carex extensa.1.2..Salicornia fruticosa...+.2Soncus maritimus..+.Comp.:Chritmum maritimum+.23.3..Juncus maritimus+.3+.2..Elymus pycnanthus+.2+.2..Atriplex latifolia..+.2+.2Galium maritimum..+.2.Parietaria judaica..+.2.Poligonum maritimum.+.2.. Tab. 3. Ass. Juncetum maritimo-acuti H-i 1934 No. of veget. record12345678Size of veget. record (m2)2020152015202020Ass.:Juncus acutus1.33.33.31.3.3.32.21.3Aster tripolium+.2.+.21.2+.2+.21.2+.2All.:Juncus maritimus2.32.3+.21.3+.2+.22.22.3Sonchus maritimus....+.2+.2..Carex extensa....1.2...O., Cl.:Elymus pycnanthus..+.2+.2.1.2.+.2Comp.:Puccinellia palustris1.2+.2+.2....1.3Inula chritmoides1.2.1.2+.2.1.2..Artemisia coerulescens+.2.+.2..+.2.+.2Bolboschoenus maritimus+.2..+.2+.2..+.2Limonium serotinum+.3...+.2+.2..Phragmites australis....+.1.2.Atriplex latifolia.+.2......Chritmum maritimum..+.2.....Lotus alionii..+.2.....Halimione portulacoides.....+..Lactuca scariola......+.Rumex crispus.....+.. Tab. 4. Ass. Ruppietum maritimae Br.-Bl.1931 No. of veget. record12345Size of veget. record (m2)2525252525Ass., All., O., Cl.:Ruppia maritima4.53.32.32.33.3Comp.:Enteromorpha linza1.2+.2+2.3+.2Ulva rigida+1.1.++.2Ceramium rubrum..+.2.+.2Chaetomorpha sp.++.2++.2+Cladophora sp.1.32.2.1.2. Tab. 5. Ass. Phragmitetum australis (W.Koch 1926) Schmale1939 No. of veget. record12345678Size of veget. record (m2)5050505040505030Ass.Phragmites australis4.53.44.54.54.54.53.45.5All., O., Cl.:Bolboschoenus maritimus+.2.1.2.1.2+.2..Comp.:Aster tripolium+.2+.2+.2+.3+.21.2..Calistegia sepium+.2...+.2+.2.+.2Carex extensa...+.2+.2+.2..Inula chritmoides..+.2...+.2.Juncus acutus.+.2...+.2..Juncus maritimus.+.2+.2.....Atriplex latifolia+.2.......Halimione portulacoides......+.2.Inula viscosa...+.2....Salsola soda......+.2.Lactuca scariola...+.... Tab. 6. Ass. Bolboschoenetum maritimi Br.-Bl. 1931 No. of veget. record12345678910Size of veget. record (m2)40403040253030253040Ass.Bolboschoenus maritimus4.43.44.54.53.33.33.34.52.34.5All., O., Cl.:Phragmites australis..+.2+.2+.....Comp.:Aster tripolium+.2+.2++.21.2+.21.2.+.2+.2Juncus maritimus+.21.2+.2+.2...1.2+.2+.2Limonium serotinum.+.2+.2+.2....+.2.Carex extensa.....+.2..1.2+.2Elymus pycnanthus.......+.21.2+.2Puccinellia palustris+.2.+.3.......Halimione portulacoides.+.2........Inula chritmoides+.2.........Juncus acutus.....+.2....Salicornia fruticosa.+........ PAGE  PAGE 18 HXXXXXXXXYY0Y2YYYZZ\\\&]*]N]R]]]]]aadd$e(eVeZe~eeeeeezjjrnvnj{n{ޅHh6`ԇ:`؈>hxʉJpD\ЋJfhx6mHH*5mH0J jUjUZ2YhYYYYYYYYYZZ]_d_`aaaaaaeggii$dx$dd$di\j^j`jzj~jsu({*{,{.{0{2{4{6{8{:{<{>{@{j{l{}\$d$dFޅ6Ԇ"~NTV8.$d$d$dfh(* "$&(*,.r$d$dȌd*Df R”Hx.>lė֚ :tқ6Lpڟ2BnFj6b  P:n¨Rl>@ΫЫ\^CJmH5mH6mHmH6^rtқԛ֛؛ڛܛޛ8 "$&(*,.02$d2 PR©ĩƩȩʩ $`d$dʩ̩ΩЩҩԩ<>@nΫЫ6\^̴̔̈$$l  $$l $$$dh$dܬ@Bb֭ح&(FrtĮƮؘtؐ$$l $$ $$l @B֭ح&(rtĮƮFHدگ " bd&(6V<ܵ ̶j>nȻл> F~2<VxRT`b|FHv  6CJmH CJH*mH6mH65mHCJmHZ&FHlدگ "B >bdؐ| $$l $$l $$&Z|0T@NPRTV^`$d$d$dh`bdfhjlnprtvx,"F~.02468 $0d$d$d8:<$$$$$dh$d"(.4:@FLRTytoooooooooy$$$$$$l  J &] T`b|$$$$$$$l4$ &y@vRMHHHH$$$$$$$l4$$$l  J &]&.6:>FHv~to$$$$l  J &]$$ to$$$$l  J &]$$  04<DHPX\to$$$$l  J &]$$ 0hj "Fnp:fh "Fvx:fh8`b>@h 46Rvx<T<>JLp CJH*mH6mHmHCJmH 6CJmH[\`hjto$$$$l  J &]$$  to$$$$l  J &]$$ "FJNRZ^bfjnpytoooooooooy$$$$$$l  J &] p:>BFJNVZ^fho$$l  J &]$$$$ to$$$$l  J &]$$   t q$$$l  J &]$$ "FJNVZ^fjnv۬$$$$$$$l4 vxytoooooooooy$$$$$$l  J &]  :o$$l  J &]$$$$ :>FJNRVZbfhto$$$$l  J &]$$ to$$$$l  J &]$$  8<@Dto$$$$l  J &]$$ DHLPX\`bto$$$$l  J &]$$ to$$$$l  J &]$$ &*.2to$$$$l  J &]$$ 26:>@hlptx|to$$$$l  J &]$$ to$$$$l  J &]$$   $(04to$$$$l  J &]$$ 46RVZ^bfjnrvxytoooooooooy$$$$$$l  J &] xoi$dh$$l  J &]$$$$ RT~Ҡ$$l J $$$$$dh$,4<>JLpxŠŌ$$$$$$l4$$$l J &.6>@`hpx|~(|p݌$$l4$$$$l J $$>@`|~,.Xln,.Rjl  H\*,\^XZfh6Z\np24XJLr CJH*mH6mHmHCJmH 6CJmH[$(,.X\`dlnd؀h $$l J $$$$$(,.RZbfjlx|$$l J $$$$$$l4$  HLTX\^`px|$dh$$$$l J $$`bdfhjlnprtvxz|~ "&*$$$$$dh*,bhntz$$l4$$$$$ $$l  J &]$(08@HPXZfhټ$$l4$$$ $$l  J &]$$6:>BFNRVZ\nٜل($$$ $$l  J &]$$np "&* $ $$l  J &]$$$$$$l4*24X`dltx"٬$$ $$l  J &]$$"&*2:>BJLrz~٨٠$$ $$l  J &]$$r:<b>^`|XZ$&46\46Tt$npNPnp:<`(*Fnp CJH*mH6mH5mH 6CJmHmHCJmHZ"&*.26:<bfjrvz~٘٘ل$$ $$l  J &]$$ >BFJԤԈ $$l  J &]$$$$s. Juncetum maritimo-acuti where in 8 phytocenologicl records 18 species have been registered, the ass. Ruppietum maritimae where in 5 phytosociological records 6 species have been registered, the ass. Phragmitetum australis where in 8 phytosociological records 13 species have been registered, and the ass. Bolboschoenetum maritimi where in 10 phytosociological records 12 species have been registered. A total of 42 species has been registered. Because of a mosaic distribution of the most important factors (water depth and salinity, tidal movements, soil texture), the plant associations are not sharply separated from each other but occur like a mosaic complex. A certain number of plant associations occur fragmentarily only, such as Euphorbio-Glaucietum and Salicornietum fruticosae. All these data indicate the vegetation biodiversity in the researched area, that results in the biodiversity of fauna. To ensure the preservation of such biodiversity in the future, it would be necessary to put the Pantana area undJNRVZ^`||$dh$$ $$l  J &]$$DHLPTXZѬX$$l J &$$$$$dh $&46\dlpx l$$l J &$$$$$$l4&$$(046T\dhptv|܀܀$$$$l J &$$vxz|~"$N$$$dhNRVZ^bfjnp$$l4$$$ $$l  J &]$$&.6>FNPnp@$$l4$ $$l  J &]$$$$ "*26:<`hlpt| ެ$$$$$$l4$ $$l  J &]$(*FJٌٜٔ$$ $$l  J &]$$JRVZ^fjnp٘٘$$ $$l  J &]$$ ]]]]]]]]"]#]6]:]<]>]@]D]H]J]L]M]b]d]f]h]j]l]n]r]t]u]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]^^^^^ ^ ^^^ ^"^$^&^(^*^,^-^;^=^?^A^C^E^G^I^K^L^M^N^O^P^Q^R^S^T^U^V^W^X^Y^Z^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^__ _ _8<@DHLPX\^z~٬لـ$$ $$l  J &]$$ "$&(*,Ԉ$dh $$l  J &]$$$$,.02468:<>@BDFHJ$$$$ $`dh$dh @FLRX^djpv|~$$l49!$$$"$$l  J &]9!$$  *,VZ^fnrvz~@$$$$l49!$"$$l  J &]9!$$$,4<DH $$$$$$l49!$"$$l  J &]9!HLPX`hjפ$$"$$l  J &]9!$$ @DHLPTX\dltv״׼$$"$$l  J &]9!$$ $(,02V^bfjn׼פ$$"$$l  J &]9!$$nrvz~ הר$$"$$l  J &]9!$$  "$&(*,.02468:<NPR&`#$$d$dh"$$l  J &]9!$$___)_-_1_3_7_;_<_H_J_N_P_R_V_W_g_i_k_o_q_u_v_____________________________________ ` ` `"`$`&`(`*`,`.`0`1`L`O`R`U`X`[`^`a`d`e`j`k```````````````````````````aa aaaaaa)a-a/a1a3a7a;a=aAaBaPaRaTaVaZa^abadafagaya{a}aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaabbbbbb!b%b'b(b6b8b:bX@XdXXXXXXY.YHYJYLYXYZY\Y`YbYnYpYtYvYxYYfjn0J j0JU CJH*mH6mHmHCJmH 6CJmHV  !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~er a more severe protection regime and to take certain measures. Having in view that the marshland is filled with construction and other waste, it is absolutely necessary to prevent any further filling with waste and to cart off the existing waste to a waste heap. Filling with earth and farming waste disposal presently used to increase farming lands should also be prevented. Artificial fertilizers and stable manure affect the fertility not only of farmland but of marshland, too, that enables the development of various weeds between the marsh and halophytic species. There is also an uncontrolled use of pesticides in farming, that has negative effects on the natural vegetation either. It would be ideal to direct the agriculture to the biocultivation or, at least, to introduce a strict control in the use of fertilizers and pesticides. The reed stalks (Phragmites australis) are often used as poles in vegetable gardens and to provide shadow around houses, so their cutting should be forbidden. The slaughterhouse waste is deposited into pits and backfilled, but it is often left uncovered. For this reason, the slaughterhouse should be moved to another more suitable location. As lately most structures are built of concrete, it is necessary to forbid any further construction of either business or residential structures which require the construction of access roads and septic pits. The fish-farm ponds are in neglected condition. They should not be renewed and their concrete linings should be removed or at least broken, that would enable the ponds to become overgrown. Some 50 m far from the Pantana spring there is the concrete plant which produces a large amount of concrete dust, that has negative effects on the entire Pantana ecosystem. It would, therefore, be necessary to stop the operation of this plant. The reconstruction of the water mill at the spring will be completed soon and the mill will be used in tourism. Its owner is willing to grant one room for scientific research and for teaching students and pupils. He also wishes to present all biodiversity of Pantana. The modalities of cooperation should be agreed with the owner. The dilapidated beach structure in the western part, on the very shore, recently has been given in concession. Its reconstruction beyond its present dimensions should be prevented in order to protect the beautiful stands of the ass. Limonio-artemisietum coerulescentis and the ass. Juncetum maritimo-acuti growing to the west and to the north from this structure, respectively. Nearby the spring there is the extremely busy two-lane Split-Trogir road. Between the road and the spring the trees (such as cyprus - Cupressus sempervirens) could be planted to reduce the impact by exhaust gases. As the small islands and the mouth coast, which are very nice beaches, make the outer edge of the shallow lagoon filled with quagmire, it would be absolutely necessary to warn swimmers to the presence of this quick sand. BIBLIOGRAPHY Babi, I., 1984: Prostor izmeu Trogira i Splita. Muzej grada Trogira. Trogir. Bedalov, M., N. `egulja, 1993: Projekt "Gospodarenje prostorom Kaatelanskog zaljeva". CIMIS. Split. Cvitani, A., 1996: Specifi nosti mediteranske mo vare Pantan. Kaatelanski zbornik 5. Gradski muzej Kaatela i druatvo "Bijai". 55-68, Kaatela. Cvitani, A., 1998: Ornitofauna na podru ju Kaatelanskog polja. Zbornik Kaatela kolijevka Hrvatske. Matica hrvatska. 481-486, Kaatela. Fiskovi, C., 1981: O trogirskim mlinicama u povodu njihove namjene. Godianjak zaatite spomenika kulture Hrvatske 1980-1981. 6-7, 99-106, Trogir. Horvati, S., 1963: Vegetacijska karta otoka Paga s opim pregledom vegetacijskih jedinica Hrvatskog primorja. Prirodoslovna istra~ivanja 33. JAZU. Zagreb. Poldini, L., M. Vidali, M. L. Fabiani, 1999: La vegetazione del litorale sedimentario del Friuli-Venezia Giulia (NE Italia) con riferimenti ala regione Alto-Adriatica. Studia Geobotanica 17, 3-68. Trieste. Su evi, P., J. Dujmov, 1998: Prilog poznavanju lokaliteta Pantan. Zbornik Kaatela kolijevka Hrvatske. Matica hrvatska. 451-454, Kaatela. Tab. 1. Ass. Salsoletum sodae Pignatti 1953 No. of veget. record123456789Size of veget. record (m2)151010201020201520Ass.:Salsola soda1.22.21.2.2.32.32.3+.2+.2All., O., Cl.:Inula chritmoides1.31.22.32.2+.21.2..+.2Artemisia coerulescens1.2+.21.21.2+.2....Aster tripolium.+.2+.2..+.2.1.3+.2Atriplex latifolia.+.2+.2.+.2+.2..1.2Halimione portulacoides3.31.2+.2...+.2..Beta maritima.+.2..+.2+.2+.2..Sonchus maritimus..++.2+....Suaeda maritima .....+.2..1.3Salicornia fruticosa.......2.3.Puccinellia palustris..1.2......Comp.:Elymus pycnanthus..+.2+.+.2+.1.2Glaucium flavum....+.2+.22.2..Chritmum maritimum3.3..2.3.....Juncus acutus.+.2.....+.3.Datura stramonium....+.2+.2...Oenanthe silaeifolia..+.2..+.2...Ecbalium elaterium....+.+.2..Lactuca scariola...+.+.2...Lotus alionii...1.3.....Juncus maritimus..+.2......Lophochloa cristata.....+.2...Pulicaria disenterica.+.2.......Tamarix dalmatica.......+.2.Daucus carota....+....Vitex agnus-castus.....+... Tab. 2. Ass. Limonio-Artemisietum coerulescentis H-i 1934 No. of veget. record1234Size of veget. record (m2)40403020Ass.:Artemisia coerulescens3.42.3+.33.3All.:Inula chritmoides2.32.32.33.3Limonium serotinum1.21.3+.31.2O., Cl.:Halimione portulacoides1.21.2+.21.2Aster tripolium2.31.2+.2.Salsola soda+.2+.2.+.2Puccinellia palustris1.2.1.3.Carex extensa.1.2..Salicornia fruticosa...+.2Soncus maritimus..+.Comp.:Chritmum maritimum+.23.3..Juncus maritimus+.3+.2..Elymus pycnanthus+.2+.2..Atriplex latifolia..+.2+.2Galium maritimum..+.2.Parietaria judaica..+.2.Poligonum maritimum.+.2.. Tab. 3. Ass. Juncetum maritimo-acuti H-i 1934 No. of veget. record12345678Size of veget. record (m2)2020152015202020Ass.:Juncus acutus1.33.33.31.3.3.32.21.3Aster tripolium+.2.+.21.2+.2+.21.2+.2All.:Juncus maritimus2.32.3+.21.3+.2+.22.22.3Sonchus maritimus....+.2+.2..Carex extensa....1.2...O., Cl.:Elymus pycnanthus..+.2+.2.1.2.+.2Comp.:Puccinellia palustris1.2+.2+.2....1.3Inula chritmoides1.2.1.2+.2.1.2..Artemisia coerulescens+.2.+.2..+.2.+.2Bolboschoenus maritimus+.2..+.2+.2..+.2Limonium serotinum+.3...+.2+.2..Phragmites australis....+.1.2.Atriplex latifolia.+.2......Chritmum maritimum..+.2.....Lotus alionii..+.2.....Halimione portulacoides.....+..Lactuca scariola......+.Rumex crispus.....+.. Tab. 4. Ass. Ruppietum maritimae Br.-Bl.1931 No. of veget. record12345Size of veget. record (m2)2525252525Ass., All., O., Cl.:Ruppia maritima4.53.32.32.33.3Comp.:Enteromorpha linza1.2+.2+2.3+.2Ulva rigida+1.1.++.2Ceramium rubrum..+.2.+.2Chaetomorpha sp.++.2++.2+Cladophora sp.1.32.2.1.2. Tab. 5. Ass. Phragmitetum australis (W.Koch 1926) Schmale1939 No. of veget. record12345678Size of veget. record (m2)5050505040505030Ass.Phragmites australis4.53.44.54.54.54.53.45.5All., O., Cl.:Bolboschoenus maritimus+.2.1.2.1.2+.2..Comp.:Aster tripolium+.2+.2+.2+.3+.21.2..Calistegia sepium+.2...+.2+.2.+.2Carex extensa...+.2+.2+.2..Inula chritmoides..+.2...+.2.Juncus acutus.+.2...+.2..Juncus maritimus.+.2+.2.....Atriplex latifolia+.2.......Halimione portulacoides......+.2.Inula viscosa...+.2....Salsola soda......+.2.Lactuca scariola...+.... Tab. 6. Ass. Bolboschoenetum maritimi Br.-Bl. 1931 No. of veget. record12345678910Size of veget. record (m2)40403040253030253040Ass.Bolboschoenus maritimus4.43.44.54.53.33.33.34.52.34.5All., O., Cl.:Phragmites australis..+.2+.2+.....Comp.:Aster tripolium+.2+.2++.21.2+.21.2.+.2+.2Juncus maritimus+.21.2+.2+.2...1.2+.2+.2Limonium serotinum.+.2+.2+.2....+.2.Carex extensa.....+.2..1.2+.2Elymus pycnanthus.......+.21.2+.2Puccinellia palustris+.2.+.3.......Halimione portulacoides.+.2........Inula chritmoides+.2.........Juncus acutus.....+.2....Salicornia fruticosa.+........ 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A!"#$%  POVZETEK SUMMARY 19 POVZETEK Mo varno podru je Pantana smjeateno je u zapadnom dijelu kaatelanskog zaljeva u blizini Trogira, te zauzima povrainu od nekoliko km2. Izvor blago slankaste vode nalazi se neposredno uz cestu koja vodi iz Trogira u Split. Dodatnu bo atost vode uzn broj biljnih zajednica pojavljuje se samo fragmentarno kao npr. Euphorbio-Glaucietum, te Salicornietum fruticosae. Upravo navedeni podaci govore o bioraznolikosti vegetacije na istra~ivanom podru ju, ato rezultira i bioraznolikoau faune. Kako bi se ta bioraznolikost sa uvala i u budue, neophodno bi bilo Pantan staviti pod stro~i re~im zaatite i poduzeti odreene mjere. SUMMARY 23 BBBJJJJJJJJJJMUWWWWWWWWWW$d$dxd$d$dh$d Dunjevac 2 E-mail:  HYPERLINK mailto:zinka.pavletic@st.hinet.hr zinka.pavletic@st.hinet.hr POVZETEK Mo varno podru je Pantana (Pantan) smjeateno je u zapadnom dijelu kaatelanskog zaljeva u blizini Trogira, te zauzima povrainu od nekoliko km2. Izvor blago slankaste vode nalazi se neposredno uz cestu koja vodi iz Trogira u Split. Dodatnu bo atost vode uzrokuje tek neznatno viai polo~aj izvora u odnosu na nivo mora, tako da se u ovisnosti o plimi i oseci, bo atost poveava, odnosno smanjuje. Na temelju fitocenoloako-sintaksonomskih istra~ivanja, za podru je Pantan zabilje~eno je 6 biljnih zajednica: ass. Salsoletum sodae gdje je u 9 fitocenoloakih snimki zabilje~eno 26 vrsta, ass. Limonio-Artemisietum coerulescentis gdje je u 4 fitocenoloake snimke zabilje~eno 17 vrsta, ass. Juncetum maritimo-acuti gdje je u 8 fitocenoloakih snimki zabilje~eno 18 vrsta, ass. Ruppietum maritimae gdje je u 5 fitocenoloakih snimki zabilje~eno 6 vrsta, ass. Phragmitetum australis gdje je u 8 fitocenoloakih snimki zabilje~eno 13 vrsta, te ass. Bolboschoenetum maritimi gdje je u 10 fitocenoloakih snimki zabilje~eno 12 vrsta. Ukupno su zabilje~ene 42 vrste. Zbog mozai nog rasporeda presudnih ekoloakih imbenika (dubina i salinitet vode, plima i oseka, tekstura podloge), biljne zajednice nisu oatro odijeljene jedna od druge te se javljaju kao jedan mozaik kompleks. Izvjestan broj biljnih zajednica pojavljuje se samo fragmentarno kao npr. Euphorbio-Glaucietum, te Salicornietum fruticosae. Upravo navedeni podaci govore o bioraznolikosti vegetacije na istra~ivanom podru ju, ato rezultira i bioraznolikoau faune. Kako bi se ta bioraznolikost sa uvala i u budue, neophodno bi bilo Pantan staviti pod stro~i re~im zaatite i poduzeti odreene mjere. 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