Naslov
Stress and the endocrine system

Autori
Baretić, Maja

Vrsta, podvrsta i kategorija rada
Sažeci sa skupova, sažetak, stručni

Izvornik
Liječnički vijesnik / Anić, Branimir - Zagreb, 2023, 19-19

Skup
18th Croatian Student Summit - CROSS

Mjesto i datum
Zagreb, Hrvatska, 25.04.2023. - 28.04.2023

Vrsta sudjelovanja
Predavanje

Vrsta recenzije
Domaća recenzija

Ključne riječi
stress ; endocrine system ; hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis

Sažetak
Stress as a state of unbalanced homeostasis, triggered by intrinsic or extrinsic agents that affect physiologic and behavioral responses aiming to get optimal body balance. Stress affects all systems of the body, as well as endocrine glands. The main parts of the endocrine system involved in the response to stress are the hypothalamic- pituitary-adrenal axis and the autonomic nervous system which interact with other parts of the central nervous system and peripheral organs. The catecholamine hormones epinephrine and norepinephrine reacted rapidly to stress being secreted from the adrenal medulla. They have numerous effects on behaviour, metabolism, and the cardiovascular system and their response is commonly termed the fight-or-flight-or-freeze response. The glucocorticoid hormones are released from the adrenal cortex interacting with intracellular receptors and initiating gene transcription. It means that glucocorticoids have a delayed, but more sustained effect than catecholamines. The glucocorticoids orchestrate a wide array of responses to the stressor. They have direct effects on behavior, metabolism and energy exchange, reproduction, growth, and the immune system. Stress can also lead to changes in the serum level of many other hormones like growth hormone and prolactin. Numerous endocrine disorders can be caused and/or worsened by stressors like gonadal dysfunction, psychosexual dwarfism, and obesity. Exposure to endogenous or exogenous stress can also alter the clinical status of many preexistent endocrine disorders such as precipitation of adrenal crisis and thyroid storm. The aim of hormonal response to stress is to pull together adaptive responses against the specific agent that triggers tension. If a response to stress is deficient or excessive it can result in psychological pathology and alerted endocrine response. Even more, under conditions of long-term stress, the glucocorticoid-mediated effects become maladaptive and can lead to disease. Long-term exposure to common stress in experimental animals showed epigenetic changes in DNA influencing how genes that control mood and behaviour are expressed.

Izvorni jezik
Engleski

Znanstvena područja
Kliničke medicinske znanosti

POVEZANOST RADA