Naslov
Nuclear safety and quality systems

Autori
Kunaj, Hrvoje ; Tireli, Enco

Vrsta, podvrsta i kategorija rada
Radovi u zbornicima skupova, cjeloviti rad (in extenso), znanstveni

Izvornik
Nuclear Energy for New Europe 2002 Proceedings / - Ljubljana : Nuclear Society of Slovenia, 2002, 397-406

ISBN
9616207202

Skup
Nuclear Energy for New Europe 2002

Mjesto i datum
Maribor, Slovenija, 09.10.2002. - 12.10.2002

Vrsta sudjelovanja
Predavanje

Vrsta recenzije
Međunarodna recenzija

Ključne riječi
Nuclear safety; quality systems

Sažetak
The use of nuclear technology for peaceful purposes has been closely related with nuclear safety issues from its very introduction. Commercial success of the nuclear technology application has been from its beginning vitally connected to the issue of safety of nuclear power plants on one side, as well as close and wide protection of the environment on the other side. Nuclear safety has become an issue by having in advance to respond by proper answers to all kinds of questions and to any scenario, having just one word in a philosophy of the approach � Quality � . Out of all official definitions of the term � QUALITY� in different manuals, standards and laws, probably the simplest aphorism will remain ; that the quality by itself is nothing, but all the rest in human activities is absolutely nothing if the quality is not present. What kind of � nothing� could remain after missing even the minimum of the required quality in the work of the nuclear power plants, mankind regretfully had a chance to experience in the relatively short history of nuclear technology application. Even application of nuclear technology in peaceful purposes carries in itself such a level of risk and danger that is not comparable to any technology or other kind of human activity. However, benefit enabled by this technology is such a challenge that nobody rational will deny the option. The question that will remain open for a long time is ..... how? Future development of, not only nuclear technology, but also all the other supporting technologies, will contribute decreasing of the risk danger and increasing nuclear safety. At the same time, human factor will remain the weakest link in nuclear safety of such facilities. Therefore in the future, human factor will have the most important role in nuclear safety, even than when regarded just in the form of � the best intention � cooperation. Inversion of this postulate in the form of � global terrorism� , in which nuclear facilities became extremely challenging objects of attack, regretfully is today present danger, that we all fight against, while just some of us knowing how, and just a few are successful at the present. By leaving � global terrorism � aside for the moment, it has to be admitted that the mistakes caused by human factor out of � the best intention � are quite respectable enemy, that is not easy to be put under control, or at least decreased to the acceptable minimum. Eternal fight between � good� and � evil� has been played throughout history with different luck. From the dawn of the civilization on, mankind has been looking for allies on all the sides. From tribal gurus up to religious procedures, establishing moral and ethic principles, good customs and tradition, well written state laws and regulations, public media and public opinion judgment, always throughout history the term of mistake and failure has been tried to be decreased to the least possible measure. So it is with the � quality systems � , as the newest weapon in this chain of fights between � good� and � evil� , that basically have the same goal � try do decrease the appearance of the mistake to the least possible measure. Differences in quality systems, that arise by that, are the result of differences in the determined goals such as ; satisfaction of customer with the final product, resulting safety ( nuclear, traffic, health ), environment protection, biological equilibrium or harmonizing criteria in laboratory activities and certification procedures ( in education, measurement, quality of products ) etc. ( figure 1 ). From the very beginning humans in its basics are social beings, thought throughout history to satisfy their needs in society. Division of work even in primitive communities was the basis for civilization development. Even recent consumer� s oriented social community, has divided roles of consumers and providers very strictly. In order any community to successfully develop, it is required that all elements between producer and consumer are mutually coordinated and satisfied. States, through which nowadays man realizes social needs in the form of existential requirements and upgrade possibilities, strive to provide employment to insure minimum of existence, but to give opportunity for creating new values. States as organized systems support realization of such goals through laws, regulations, while all the systems of successful organization are assembled together in the cross of responsibilities with the following form: Definition of needs Control by society Model of behavior Personal control Systems of prizes and sanctions Quality systems have to obey that cross of responsibilities if they want to be successful in realization of their goals. The bigger the need or requirements for realization of the goal, the more explicitly that cross of responsibilities has to be expressed. Next figure shows schematic representation of functioning quality system in general form with selection of goals and way of regulations application with respect of society needs and strategic decisions. Figure 1 Schematic representation of quality system functioning PS, Expressions of the type ; please, for you, sorry, thank you, or excuse are standard of the culture of behavior and cannot be avoided in modern quality systems.

Izvorni jezik
Engleski

Znanstvena područja
Strojarstvo

Napomena
Rad citiran: Engineering Village (04168121100) ; OVID (7761790) ; SCOPUS

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