Naslov
Introduction to External Costs: Methodology and applications

Autori
Tomšić , Željko

Vrsta, podvrsta i kategorija rada
Sažeci sa skupova, neobjavljeni rad, stručni

Skup
Economic Appraisal of Small Modular Reactor (SMR) Projects: Methodologies and Applications, IAEA Coordinated Research Project

Mjesto i datum
Beč, Austrija, 14-18.02.2022

Vrsta sudjelovanja
Pozvano predavanje

Vrsta recenzije
Nije recenziran

Ključne riječi
External Costs ; Externality ; Air pollution ; Water pollution ; Health-Environmental Impacts ; ExternE

Sažetak
Environmental and social externalities are highly site specific and so results will vary widely even within a given country according to the geographic location. This reflects variation in exposure of people and crops to the pollutants of interest: for example: emissions at the borders of Europe will affect fewer people than emissions at the centre of Europe, due to the degree of urbanisation and population density. Why Quantify and Consider Impacts/Externalities? Need to integrate environmental concerns into the decision-making process for future technology and fuel supply strategies: environmental protection benefits all in the long term, prevention is less expensive than cure, avoid/mitigate potential conflicts with public. Need to develop overall indicators of environmental performance of different technologies to enable comparison between technologies. Need to evaluate the costs and benefits of stricter environmental standards Increased attention to the use of economic instruments for environmental policy. Policy initiatives to restructure and privatize the energy sector The ExternE methodology has been applied for a large number of European and national studies to give advice for environmental, energy and transport policies. Besides the different phases of the ExternE project itself, the methodology developed within this project has been used and applied up to date to support several policy decisions and legislative proposals, e. g. of DG Environment, such as to perform economic evaluations of the: Draft directive on non-hazardous waste incineration, Large combustion plant directive, EU strategy to combat acidification, Costs and benefits of the UN-ECE Multi-pollutant, Multi- effect protocol and of proposals under this protocol (e. g. NOx and VOC control), Costs and benefits for the emission ceilings directive. IAEA SIMPACTS tool for calculation of external costs: Simplified Approach for estimating environmental impacts from electricity generation. SIMPACTS calculates the first order estimates of the level of environmental impacts associated with different electricity generation chains. The SIMPACTS approach is simplification of EcoSense Methodology from ExternE project

Izvorni jezik
Engleski

Znanstvena područja
Elektrotehnika

POVEZANOST RADA